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+Contention 1: I gotta fever |
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+The invocation of “survival” as a justification for the plan makes all atrocities possible and removes the value of survival itself – in the attempt to save our world, they have destroyed it. |
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+Callahan 73 |
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+Daniel Callahan, Fellow at the Institute of Society and Ethics, 1973 |
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+The Tyranny of Survival, Pages 91-93) |
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+The value of ... all Pyrrhic victories. |
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+ |
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+And, the fear of death causes psychological damage. |
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+A. Psychotherapists concur that embracing and confronting our own mortality is a prerequisite to a happy and fulfilling existence. Van Nuys 08 |
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+David, PhD in Psychotherapy, “An Interview with Irvin Yalom, MD on Death Anxiety”, February 20th. |
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+Though death cannot ... him his grave. |
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+ |
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+B. Fear of death causes us to deny the free and liberating experience of truly living to our full potential – embracing that mortality is key to solve |
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+Howard, January 1, 2009, Being with Dying: Cultivating Compassion and Fearlessness, Review by Benjamin Howard of Roshi’s new book: BEING WITH DYING: CULTIVATING COMPASSION AND FEARLESSNESS IN THE PRESENCE OF DEATH, PhD in anthropology |
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+Today, what is ... inevitable at bay. |
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+ |
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+C. The neutrality of death necessitates the alternative |
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+Epicurus 311 BCE |
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+Letter to Meneocues, translated by Professor Robert Drew Hicks, http://classics.mit.edu/Epicurus/menoec.html, edited for gendered language |
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+Accustom yourself to ... hear believe him not. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+D. Emotional numbing is the result of fearing death – we must free ourselves to regain full emotion |
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+Nancy Anderson, 2004, Work with Passion: How to do What You Love for a Living, author and PhD in education |
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+(http://books.google.com/books?id=YR2T_6BXjxMCandpg=PA21andlpg=PA21anddq=22fear+of+death+causes22andsource=blandots=hK0dmXh9wGandsig=0uhRFFSsMuOkPhQO9GdUjt2yYJUandhl=enandei=yKL2SsW3PMzd8QbnzODzCQandsa=Xandoi=book_resultandct=resultandresnum=9andved=0CCIQ6AEwCDgU#v=onepageandq=22fear20of20death20causes22andf=false) |
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+Fear of death ... life was meaningless. |
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+ |
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+Contention 2: The nuclear apocalypse is just like, your opinion man |
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+The negative’s depictions of a final, apocalyptic “Nuclear War” are the means through which the First World justifies an ongoing extermination waged against indigenous peoples and the fourth world under the pretense of “nuclear testing” |
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+Kato 93 (Masahide, “Nuclear Globalism: Traversing Rockets, Satellites, and Nuclear War via the Strategic Gaze”, Alternatives, 18:3 1993:Summer, pg. 347-349) |
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+Let us recall ... a daily basis. |
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+ |
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+The discursive relation between First and Fourth World enabled by the representations of nuclear war expose indigenous persons to ontological violence and Otherization—the foundations of all manifestations of physical violence. |
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+Kato 93 (Masahide, “Nuclear Globalism: Traversing Rockets, Satellites, and Nuclear War via the Strategic Gaze”, Alternatives, 18:3 1993:Summer, pg. 354-355) |
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+The latest form ... and Indigenous Peoples. |
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+ |
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+Contention 3: The Perscription is More Cowbell |
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+ |
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+Alt Text: Vote negative as a method of rejecting their survivalist justification and freeing ourselves from the fear of death. |
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+ |
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+AND – Interp: The roll of the ballot is to evaluate the total justification for the Aff’s policy before weighing fiat level implications of said policy AND they CANNOT sever out of their justifications. |
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+ |
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+1. Justifications key (analytic) |
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+ |
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+2. Questioning the justifications for policy action is the only route away from a serial policy failure that refuses to realize how our assumptions and rationales influence the actions we propose |
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+Dillon and Reid 2K – 1/3, Michael and Julian, professors of IR at the University of Lancaster, Alternatives: Social Transformation and Humane Governance |
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+Policy domains reify ... globally, is about. |
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+ |
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+3. Fairness - analytic |
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+ |
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+4. Fiat illusory - analytic |
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+A. Presumption - analytic |
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+B. K education outweighs - analytic |
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+ |
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+5. Justifications only - analytic |
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+ |
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+6. Discourse shapes reality. It’s not a question of fairness or education, the plan was already proposed in the context of the advantages and discourse of the 1AC meaning that any hypothetical implementation would be influenced by that rhetoric – it cannot be undone. |
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+Roxanne Lynn Doty, assistant professor in the Department of Political Science at Arizona State University, Imperial Encounters, 1997, p. 169-171 |
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+The cases examined ... in dominant representations. |
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+ |
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+7. Callahan negates independantly |
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+ |
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+Extinction inevitable |
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+Leitner, 1, 2, and. Firneis, 2 11–Ph.D. 1University of Vienna, Research Platform on ExoLife, Tuerkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. Ph.D. 2University of Vienna, Institute for Astronomy, Tuerkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. |
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+ (January, Johannes J. and Maria G “Is A Manned (One-Way) Journey To Mars Our Responsibility?” Journal of Cosmology, http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars151.html) |
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+ |
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+Life on Earth ... but not zero |