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Cites

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1		-=Environmental Justice AC=
2		-
3		-==Part 1 is Framework==
4		-
5		-
6		-====People are inherently equal at birth, so systemic exclusion of particular groups arbitrarily denies due, therefore we must listen to those oppressed outside our scope of justice====
7		-**Winter and Leighton 01, D. D., and Leighton, D. C. (2001). Structural violence. In D. J. Christie, R. V. Wagner, and D. D. Winter (Eds.), Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century. New York: Prentice-Hall. CM**
8		-Finally, to recognize the operation of structural violence forces us to ask questions about
9		-
10		-AND
11		-
12		-thinking can be fostered by relationships, communication, and appreciation of diversity.
13		-
14		-
15		-====Debate should deal with questions of real-world consequences—ideal theories ignore the concrete nature of the world and legitimizes oppression.====
16		-**Curry 14, Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14, "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century", Victory Briefs, 2014, BE**
17		-Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real
18		-
19		-AND
20		-
21		-used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters.
22		-
23		-====Morality is based on response to problems in the world, which justifies focus on resolving material conditions of violence.====
24		-**Pappas 16, Gregory Fernando Pappas 16 ~~Texas AandM University~~ "The Pragmatists’ Approach to Injustice", The Pluralist Volume 11, Number 1, Spring 2016, BE**
25		-In Experience and Nature, Dewey names the empirical way of doing philosophy the "
26		-
27		-AND
28		-
29		-that is, provide a diagnosis and a solution specific to each patient.
30		-
31		-====Thus, my standard is promoting social equality. Promoting Social Equality means increasing all peoples’ ability to have a say in the conditions that govern them.====
32		-
33		-
34		-====We must look at the social equality of all beings====
35		-**Cummiskey 90 (David Cummiskey 90 Associate prof of philo @ UChicago, "Kantian Consequentialism", University of Chicago Press, Ethics, Vol. 100, No. 3 (Apr., 1990), pp. 586-615, BE, http://cms-content.bates.edu/prebuilt/kantian.pdf)**
36		-We must not obscure the issue by characterizing this type of case as the sacrifice
37		-
38		-AND
39		-
40		-which dictates that some must sometimes give way for the sake of others.
41		-
42		-==Part 2 is the Advocacy==
43		-
44		-====Thus I affirm: Countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power reactors by phasing-out ====
45		-
46		-**====Lucas 12 (Caroline Lucas ~~an British politician, and since 2 September 2016, Co-Leader of the Green Party of England and Wales~~, 2-17-2012, "Why we must phase out nuclear power," Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/feb/17/phase-out-nuclear-power MG)====**
47		-The inherent risk in the use of nuclear energy, as well as the related
48		-
49		-AND
50		-
51		-fear of losing their power tend to follow the majority of their citizens.
52		-
53		-
54		-====Prohibition is key to sustainable energy====
55		-**Sharpe 08 (Sharpe, Virginia. "‘Clean’ Nuclear Energy? Global Warming, Public Health, and Justice." Biomedsearch, July 1, 2008. http://www.biomedsearch.com/article/Clean-nuclear-energy-Global-warming/187426897.html.)**
56		-Remedies for the toxic pollution of tribal lands, however, have lagged far behind
57		-
58		-AND
59		-
60		-and protections built into nuclear energy policy, they are likely to continue.
61		-
62		-
63		-==First is The war against workers==
64		-
65		-====Nuclear power exposes workers to dangerous radiation – workers are exploited by the state, that falsifies information.====
66		-**Alldred 09 (Alldred, Mary and Shrader-Frechette, Kristin. Environmental Injustice in Siting Nuclear Plants ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE Volume 2, Number 2, 2009.)**
67		-In stages (2)–(5) of the nuclear fuel cycle, tens of
68		-
69		-AND
70		-
71		-allowable, annual occupational-radiation dose of 50 mSv.20,21
72		-
73		-
74		-====In fact, states often try to minimize Nuclear Powers’ real risks to create a false sense of security.====
75		-**Cousins notes (Cousins, Elicia Researcher, Carleton College, Claire Karban, Fay Li, and Marianna Zapanta. "Nuclear Power and Environmental Justice." Carleton College, Environmental Studies Comprehensive Project, no date.) **
76		-Those who experience a nuclear accident suddenly find themselves subject to various pressures regarding what
77		-
78		-AND
79		-
80		-a letter written by a village schoolteacher and evacuee from the Chernobyl zone:
81		-
82		-
83		-
84		-====Shift away from nuclear is inevitable due to decreasing uranium supply – banning nuclear power is key to ensure renewable jobs and grow the industry now. No Phase-out will jeapordize energy transition and jobs====
85		-**Schönau ("100 Good Reasons Against Nuclear Power." Elektrizitätswerke Schönau, nd. https://www.100-gute-gruende.de/pdf/g100rs'en.pdf.)**
86		-~~#94 Renewable energy 100 per cent renewable energy generation is possible. Even today
87		-
88		-AND
89		-
90		-companies that have been obstructing renewable energies and energy saving efforts for decades.
91		-
92		-
93		-
94		-====Phase-out empirically leads to a full shift to renewables- Europe proves====
95		-**Shankleman 16 (Jessica Shankleman, 5-16-2016, "Germany Just Got Almost All of Its Power From Renewable Energy," Bloomberg, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-05-16/germany-just-got-almost-all-of-its-power-from-renewable-energy)**
96		-Clean power supplied almost all of Germany’s power demand for the first time on Sunday
97		-
98		-AND
99		-
100		-that can manage this oversupply — for example more interconnectors or energy storage."
101		-
102		-
103		-
104		-==Second is Indigenous Communities==
105		-
106		-====Nuclear power production through uranium mining exacerbates material violence against indigenous peoples====
107		-**Endres 09 ~~Danielle Endres (—-), "The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision" Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies Vol. 6, No. 1, March 2009, pp.39-60~~**
108		-Before attending to the rhetorical nature of nuclear colonialism, it is important to emphasize
109		-
110		-AND
111		-
112		-contaminated soil and water, which could harm animal and plant life.15
113		-
114		-
115		-====And, The negative health conditions are tremendous from the radiation levels produced by uranium mining====
116		-**Sharpe 08 (Sharpe, Virginia. "‘Clean’ Nuclear Energy? Global Warming, Public Health, and Justice." Biomedsearch, July 1, 2008. http://www.biomedsearch.com/article/Clean-nuclear-energy-Global-warming/187426897.html.)**
117		-The legacy of uranium mining in Navajo lands provides a cautionary tale. Between 1944
118		-
119		-AND
120		-
121		-is twenty-eight times greater than Navajos not exposed to uranium.7
122		-
123		-
124		-
125		-====Next, This cycle of violence perpetuates itself all around the world====
126		-**Alldred 09 (Alldred, Mary and Shrader-Frechette, Kristin. Environmental Injustice in Siting Nuclear Plants ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE Volume 2, Number 2, 2009.)**
127		-At stage (1), mining uranium, in most major uranium- producing nations
128		-
129		-AND
130		-
131		-other people would be allowed to receive higher, even fatal, doses.⁶
132		-
133		-
134		-
135		-====Uranium mining has genocidal impacts and even disrupts the food chain impacting the ecosystem. ====
136		-**Winkler 02 (Winkler, Philippa. "Unprofessional Women? Activism Against the Pursuit of Capital, Uranium Mining and ‘Depleted’ Uranium." ASU Women’s Studies, 2002. https://msu.edu/~~wlfgr/winkler'p.pdf.)**
137		-But uranium poisoning does not stop at the borders, it spreads regardless of gender
138		-
139		-AND
140		-
141		-overriding goal of ending the "unjust, inequitable capitalist structure of society."
142		-
143		-
144		-====But empirics prove a nuclear phase-out decreases uranium mining====
145		-**Schmid 15 (Schmid, Sonja. "Producing Power: The Pre-Chernobyl History of the Soviet Nuclear Industry," 400. MIT Press, 2015. https://books.google.com/books?id=dMzVBgAAQBAJanddq=phase-out+of+nuclear+power+decreases+uranium+miningandsource=gbs'navlinks's.)**
146		-Political transitions like the collapse of the Soviet Union tend to remind us how fragile
147		-
148		-AND
149		-
150		-uranium mining organizations and about half of the previously Soviet nuclear power plants.

EntryDate

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1		-2016-10-08 21:01:21.0

Opponent

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1		-La Costa Canyon AT

ParentRound

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1		-1

Round

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1		-2

Team

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1		-Northwood Choi Aff

Title

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1		-Environmental Justice AC v 1

Tournament

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1		-Loyola