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+White bodies have always occupied the realm of “free speech” and used it to legitimize violence against populations—the aff’s plea for free speech only serves to benefit dominant white culture. NCHRE 11 |
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+National Center for Human Rights Education 11’opened its doors and joined 21 other countries which launched human rights education projects as part of the United Nations Decade for Human Rights Education, “First Amendment and Racial Terrorism”, 2011, University of Dayton, http://academic.udayton.edu/race/06hrights/waronterrorism/racial02.htm |
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+Racists in the United States have always been able to cloak their ideas in the |
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+AND |
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+a cross to intimidate a black family was equivalent to freedom of speech. |
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+The aff’s reliance on liberty upholds anti-blackness – the constitution was coded in white racial privilege – the very idea of liberty and freedom was only reserved for whites. Helf n.d. |
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+Helfand No Date (Judy, “Intersectionality, Worldwide and Other Pages”, http://academic.udayton.edu/race/01race/white11.htm) |
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+Prior to the establishment of colonial Virginia, Europeans already had a history of viewing |
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+AND |
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+those inalienable rights. Liberty was, within whiteness, reserved for white people |
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+Institutional ethics makes anti-blackness worse - erases the exploitation of the black body. This cements slavery not as a project of property ownership but instead as natal alienation – production of bodies as bare flesh, lacking kinship ties and severed from any genealogical connection to their past. Wilderson 10 |
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+Wilderson, award-winning author of Incognegro: A Memoir of Exile and Apartheid. He is one of two Americans to hold elected office in the African National Congress and is a former insurgent in the ANC’s armed wing, 2010 (Frank B. III “Introduction: Unspeakable Ethics” Red, White, and Black: Cinema and the Strucure of U.S. Antagonisms, Pg 15-16) |
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+Regarding the Black position, some might ask why, after claims successfully made on |
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+AND |
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+rubric of gains or reversals in struggles with the state and civil society. |
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+In its ontological absence the black is a fungible object open to gratuitous violence and void of relational capacity. R.L. 13 |
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+R.L., WANDERINGS OF THE SLAVE: BLACK LIFE AND SOCIAL DEATH, 2013, Mute Magazine |
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+For the Afro-pessimists, the black subject is exiled from the human relation |
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+AND |
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+on police shootings as a contingent rather than structural feature of black existence. |
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+The demand for legal relief is the perfection of slavery, making the slave bow down to the master. Farley 05 |
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+Anthony. Prof. Farley specializes in Constitutional Law, Criminal Procedure and Legal Theory. Taught at Boston College Before Teaching at Albany “Perfecting Slavery” Page 221-222. |
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+Slavery is with us still. We are haunted by slavery. We are animated |
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+AND |
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+, and while it cultivates the field of law hoping for an answer. |
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+Thus the alternative is to embrace the demand of the slave - the end of the world. Wilderson 02 |
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+Frank Wilderson, The Prison Slave as Hegemony's (Silent) Scandal, resented at Imprisoned Intellectuals Conference Brown University, April 13th 2002. |
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+If we are to take Fanon at his word when he writes, Decolonization |
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+AND |
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+via reform or reparation) but must nonetheless be pursued to the death. |
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+Recognizing that blackness is pathologized is key to embracing social life in social death. Sexton 11 |
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+Jared Sexton, ANTE-ANTI-BLACKNESS: AFTERTHOUGHTS, Cultural Studies Association Issue 1, 2011. |
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+Against the raceless credo, then, racism cannot be rejected without a dialectic in |
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+AND |
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+is "not but nothing other than" black optimism. 24 |