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+===Link=== |
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+====First is the link. The Aff defends public colleges and universities not restricting ANY Constitutionally protected speech – this includes racist speech.==== |
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+Volokh, Eugene. Law professor, UCLA School of Law. May 7, 2015. "No, there's no "hate speech" exception to the First Amendment," Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/05/07/no-theres-no-hate-speech-exception-to-the-first-amendment/?utm_term=.ddcc9a96f89b. |
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+I keep hearing about a supposed "hate speech" exception to the First Amendment |
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+AND |
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+— as one is to condemn capitalism or Socialism or Democrats or Republicans. |
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+ |
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+===Internal Link=== |
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+====Second is the internal link. Failure to limit racist speech entrenches oppression in our society.==== |
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+McConnell, Reed E. April 18, 2012. "Why Harvard's Hate Speech Policies Are Necessary," The Harvard Crimson. http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2012/4/18/hate-speech-libertarians/. |
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+There certainly should be dialogue around issues of racism, sexism, homophobia, and |
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+AND |
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+oppressed groups in order to prevent them from becoming further marginalized and oppressed. |
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+===Impact=== |
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+====Third is the impact.==== |
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+====Disad outweighs in scope and magnitude – racial hate speech affects the entire community, even if there is only a single victim.==== |
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+Kaplin, William A. Professor of Law, Catholic University of America. 1992. "Hate Speech on the College Campus: Freedom of Speech and Equality at the Crossroads," Winston Howard Lecture, Land and Water Law Review. |
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+On another level, hate speech inflicts pain on the broader class of persons who |
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+AND |
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+hair ..." In the margins of their notebooks, I am obliterated.' |
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+ |
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+====Racist speech outweighs because it's a worse form of oppression.==== |
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+Lasson, Kenneth. Professor of Law, University of Baltimore School of Law. 1985. "Racial Defamation as Free Speech: Abusing the First Amendment," Columbia Human Rights Law Review 17. |
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+The proper measure by which any personal liberty must be gauged, particularly freedom of |
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+AND |
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+, it continues to be cited with approval by federal and state courts. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Racially insulting speech not being regulated is a form of structural violence against black students.==== |
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+Gordon and Johnson. Jill Gordon, Professor of Philosophy, Colby College. Markus Johnson, Colby College. Fall 2003. "Race, Speech, and a Hostile Education Environment: What Color is Free Speech?" Journal of Social Philosophy, Vol. 34, No. 3. |
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+Racial harassment in colleges and universities, however, has slipped through the cracks. |
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+AND |
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+and could thus lessen the drowning out of black experience in American institutions. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Turns case – racial speech harms the marketplace of ideas.==== |
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+Post, Robert C. Professor of Law, School of Law, University of California at Berkeley. 1990-1991. "Racist Speech, Democracy, and the First Amendment," William and Mary Law Review. |
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+A fourth theme in the current debate is that racist expression harms the very market |
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+AND |
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+be expanded still further to encompass speech explicitly devaluing and stigmatizing victim groups. |