Changes for page North Hollywood Stern Aff
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... ... @@ -1,7 +1,0 @@ 1 -A. Interpretation - Debaters must disclose previously run constructive positions – all cases, off cases and theory arguments – at least 30 minutes before the round on the NDCA wiki. This means providing proper citations for all evidence including first three and last three words and tags as well as advocacy, standard, and interpretation texts. 2 -A. Interpretation - If the negative reads an alternative advocacy, then he/she must defend it unconditionally. 3 -A. Interpretation - Neg may not defend implementation of a rejection of the Aff. 4 -A. Interpretation - Debaters may read at most 1 ROTB. 5 -A. Interpretation - Debaters may not defend a CP in CX if they didn't even mention the CP in their constructive speech. 6 -A. Interpretation - Debaters may not read CP's with solvency advocates. 7 -A. Interpretation - If debaters read a kritik with an alternative, they must specify a) the actor of the alt, b) exactly what the alt entails, c) whether or not they defend implementation of the alt, and d) what a world with the alt looks like if/when asked in CX. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,54 @@ 1 +The wording of this res means that we have to evaluate the truth of its statement. 2 +Freeley and Steinberg. Austin J. Freeley, Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law. David L. Steinberg, Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami. 1986. “Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making.” Found on Google Books. 3 +Debate propositions may… of future change.’” 4 +Prefer this on this res – not restricting speech isn’t a policy, so debates are supposed to evaluate the res. 5 +This is also consistent with the use of the word “ought” in the res. 6 +Robinson, Richard. Fellow in Philosophy, Oriel College of Oxford University. July, 1971. “Ought and Ought Not.” Philosophy, Vol. 46, No. 177 (July 1971), pp. 193-202. Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal Institute of Philosophy. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3749920. 7 +Many ought-sentences are… expressing an ideal.” 8 +AND this is consistent with LD rules and semantics – the res is a hypothesis that must be evaluated - the judge must evaluate the truth of the res, not the desirability of it against its alternatives. 9 +Zarefsky, David. American communication scholar with research specialties in rhetorical history and criticism; professor at Northwestern; 1968 NDT top speaker. 1976. “Argument as Hypothesis Testing,” Paper presented at the Ann Speech Communication Association Francisco, California, December. 10 +Finally, the hypothesis-testing…of non-propositional alternatives. 11 +All other ROTBs collapse to truth testing. 12 +Frege, Gottlob. German philosopher, logician, and mathematician; responsible for the development of modern logic and making contributions to the foundations of mathematics. “The Thought: A Logical Inquiry” in Logicism and the Philosophy of Language: Selections from Frege and Russell. Broadview Press. March 2003. Pg. 204. 13 +“It may nevertheless… point is found.” 14 +Thus, the ROTB is to evaluate the truth of the statement: “Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech.” Thus, I defend the res as a general principle being true. But, if I need to defend a specific plan, I’ll defend implementation of the res. 15 +Morality begins with recognizing humans as beings with practical reason; without this, we’re prevented from finding a starting point for deriving morality. 16 +Engstrom, Stephen. Professor of Philosophy, University of Pittsburgh. 2008. “Universal Legislation As the Form of Practical Knowledge.” 17 +In addition to… of practical reason. 18 +Conceptions of self under practical reason give rise to obligations that define morality – there is no morality without the self. 19 +Korsgaard, Christine M. Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University. November 17, 1992. “The Sources of Normativity,” from The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, Cambridge University. 20 +It is the… source of obligation. 21 +Thus, I value Respecting Individual Liberty. 22 +Prefer this: 23 +1) Epistemologically a priori to standards. 24 +Fried, Charles. Educated at Princeton, Oxford and Columbia Law School, Charles Fried, the Beneficial Professor of Law, has been teaching at Harvard Law School since 1961. September 2005. “The Nature and Importance of Liberty,” http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/jlpp/Vol29_No1_Fried.pdf. 25 +I would say… in that campaign. 26 +2) Morality must be intrinsically binding without contingent – this means agency comes first because it’s inevitable. 27 +Ferrero, Luca. University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee. January 12, 2009. “Constitutivism and the Inescapability of Agency,” Version 3.05. Oxford Studies in Metaethics, vol. IV. 28 +The norms of… them sans phrase. 29 +3) Respecting the liberty of individuals rejects arbitrary discrimination and promotes equality. 30 +Weil, Simone. French philosopher and political activist. Translated by Arthur Wills and John Petrie. Originally published in 1955; English version published in 1958. “Oppression and Liberty.” http://www.mercaba.org/SANLUIS/Filosofia/autores/ContemporC3A1nea/Weil20(Simone)/Oppression20and20Liberty.pdf. 31 +Man is not… sweet as friendship. 32 +4) Universities and colleges are moral agents who are guided by morality – my syllogism also applies to them. 33 +Laurence, Ben. Assistant Professor in the Department of Philosophy and the College, University of Chicago. “An Anscombean Approach to Collective Action.” http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/faculty/files/laurence/Anscombean_Collective_Action_Final.pdf. 34 +But even if… a practical syllogism. 35 +5) My framework is key to fairness – 36 +a. Ground – Analytic 37 +b. Resolvability – Analytic 38 +c. Topic Lit – Analytic 39 +ALL free speech at colleges is objectively good under lib – here are a bunch of reasons – 40 +1) A free society means people are free to express their opinions whenever, whatever to allow the spread of ideas – if ideas are bad or offensive, society will reject them. 41 +D’Amato, David S. Attorney and adjunct law professor whose writing has appeared at the Institute of Economic Affairs, the Future of Freedom Foundation, the Centre for Policy Studies, the Ludwig von Mises Institute, Liberty Fund’s Online Library of Law and Liberty, the Foundation for Economic Education, and in major newspapers around the world. D’Amato is on the Board of Policy Advisors for the Heartland Institute and he is the Benjamin Tucker Research Fellow at the Molinari Institute’s Center for a Stateless Society. He earned a JD from New England School of Law and an LLM in Global Law and Technology from Suffolk University Law School. November 16, 2015. “The Most Liberal Value: Free Speech,” Libertarianism.org. https://www.libertarianism.org/columns/most-liberal-value-free-speech. 42 +It is right… freedom or force. 43 +2) Non-interference from authoritative agencies is especially applicable with free speech. 44 +Husain, Naseem. Contributor for Being Libertarian. September 24, 2016. “Why Free Speech Matters The Most,” Being Libertarian. https://beinglibertarian.com/free-speech-matter s/. 45 +Of all of… to do so. 46 +3) Any restriction on free speech is a form of censorship that opposes freedom. 47 +Raof, Jonathon. Nova Southeastern University, Florida. December 14, 2009. “Libertarian Viewpoint on Freedom of Speech,” Libertarian Viewpoint. http://libertarianviewpoint.com/blog/freedom-of-speech/. 48 +In a critical… free speech represents. 49 +4) Lib says people should have the right to offend others. 50 +Brennan, Jason. Robert J. and Elizabeth Flanagan Family Associate Professor of Strategy, Economics, Ethics, and Public Policy at the McDonough School of Business and Associate Professor of Philosophy at Georgetown University. 2012. “Libertarianism: What Everyone Needs to Know,” Accessed on Google Books (Pg. 82). 51 +In a free… indignation a weapon. 52 +5) Hearing opposing viewpoints is key to letting people go after their own life. 53 +Badamchi, Devrim Kabasakal. Professor @ Izmir University, Turkey. 2015. “Justifications of freedom of speech: Towards a double-grounded-non-consequentialist approach,” Philosophy and Social Criticism. 2015, Vol. 41(9) 907–927. 54 +Why is being… of the article. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,93 @@ 1 +==Part 1 is ROTB.== 2 + 3 + 4 +====The wording of this res means that we have to evaluate the truth of its statement.==== 5 +**Freeley and Steinberg**. Austin J. Freeley, Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law. David L. Steinberg, Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami. 1986. "Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making." Found on Google Books. 6 +Debate propositions may deal with controversies of fact, value, or policy. We 7 +AND 8 +not to simply affirm the desirability or worth of future change.'" 9 + 10 + 11 +====Prefer this on this res – not restricting speech isn't a policy, so debates are supposed to evaluate the res.==== 12 + 13 + 14 +====This is also consistent with the use of the word "ought" in the res.==== 15 +**Robinson**, Richard. Fellow in Philosophy, Oriel College of Oxford University. July, 1971. "Ought and Ought Not." Philosophy, Vol. 46, No. 177 (July 1971), pp. 193-202. Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal Institute of Philosophy. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3749920. 16 +Many ought-sentences are not prescriptive at all, either prudentially or morally, 17 +AND 18 +existence by the passage of a law. They are expressing an ideal." 19 + 20 + 21 +====All other ROTBs collapse to truth testing.==== 22 +**Frege**, Gottlob. German philosopher, logician, and mathematician; responsible for the development of modern logic and making contributions to the foundations of mathematics. "The Thought: A Logical Inquiry" in Logicism and the Philosophy of Language: Selections from Frege and Russell. Broadview Press. March 2003. Pg. 204. 23 +"It may nevertheless be thought that we cannot recognize a property of a thing 24 +AND 25 +truth were a quality, until something more to the point is found." 26 + 27 + 28 +====Thus, the ROTB is to evaluate the truth of the statement: "Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech." Thus, I defend the res as a general principle being true. But, if I need to defend a specific plan, I'll defend implementation of the res.==== 29 + 30 + 31 +==Part 2 is framework.== 32 + 33 + 34 +====There is no objective morality – metaethical syllogisms fail.==== 35 +**Hellier**, Coel. Professor of Astrophysics at Keele University in the UK. July 29, 2013. https://coelsblog.wordpress.com/2013/07/29/six-reasons-why-objective-morality-is-nonsense/. 36 +Lastly, and actually the strongest argument of all, no-one has ever 37 +AND 38 +Remove that subjective human opinion and the result is — literally — nonsensical. 39 + 40 + 41 +====Knowledge is reductive – an informant may or may not be right, so we have to break down the adequacy of the informant's claim before we can evaluate its substance.==== 42 +**Fricker**, Elizabeth. Ph.D; lecturer in philosophy at Oxford University. April, 1995. "Telling and Trusting: Reductionism and Antireductionism in the Epistemology of Testimony," Mind, Vol. 104.414. April 1995 © Oxford University Press 1995. 43 +Our commonsense world-theory, conjoined only with our general canons of correct inference 44 +AND 45 +from—our commonsense view of the world and our place in it. 46 + 47 + 48 +====Authority is earned, not handed down – those with power have epistemically superior judgement.==== 49 +**Gadamer**, Hans-Georg. Philosopher known for writing the book from which this card is from. "Truth and Method". 1960. 50 +The Enlightenment's distinction between faith in authority and using one's own reason is, in 51 +AND 52 +politics," the art of right legislation, on the indispensability of tradition. 53 + 54 + 55 +====Deriving truth from testimony is epistemologically a priori to any other ethic.==== 56 +**Chesterton**, G.K. ~~was an English writer, lay theologian, poet, philosopher, dramatist, journalist, orator, literary and art critic, biographer, and Christian apologist~~ "Heretics" 1905. 57 +My objection to Mr. Lowes Dickinson and the reassertors of the pagan ideal is 58 +AND 59 +shall end in destruction. I mean that we shall end in Christianity. 60 + 61 + 62 +====Thus, the standard is respecting moral authorities.==== 63 + 64 + 65 +==Part 3 is offense.== 66 + 67 + 68 +====Martin Luther King Jr. is a moral authority – he was a human rights activist known for using nonviolent protest.==== 69 +**America's Library**, 1-15-1929, "Martin Luther King, Jr.," Library of Congress, http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/king/aa_king_subj.html 70 +Martin Luther King Jr. was the most important voice of the American civil rights 71 +AND 72 +is now observed as a national holiday on the third Monday in January. 73 + 74 + 75 +====Dr. King affirms – he believed free speech was key to social progress and relied on it to fuel his movement.==== 76 +**Moshman**, David. Intellectual freedom activist. 1-4-2016, "Martin Luther King on the First Amendment," Huffington Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-moshman/martin-luther-king-on-the_b_8911848.html 77 +Is free speech antithetical to racial justice? Martin Luther King, Jr. would 78 +AND 79 +land long promised, and part of what makes it the Promised Land. 80 + 81 + 82 +====King's last speech was pro-1^^st^^ amendment – here's an excerpt.==== 83 +**Martin Luther King Jr.** "Martin Luther King's Last Speech Discussed Our First Amendment," https://www.thefire.org/martin-luther-kings-last-speech-discussed-our-first-amendment/ 84 +Now about injunctions. We have an injunction and we're going into court tomorrow morning 85 +AND 86 +us around, we aren't going to let any injunction turn us around. 87 + 88 + 89 +====Dr. King believed that social progress was possible, even if some had to be offended, with the help of the 1^^st^^ amendment.==== 90 +**Sailor**, CJ. Contributor to Independent Journal Review. April, 2016. "Martin Luther King Jr. Would Be Horrified At The Free Restrictions On College Campuses Today," IJR - Independent Journal Review, http://ijr.com/opinion/2016/04/255255-martin-luther-king-jr-would-be-horrified-at-the-free-restrictions-on-college-campuses-today/ 91 +Martin Luther King, Jr. fought for racial equality, justice, and freedom 92 +AND 93 +perhaps no place where this statement is truer than on our college campuses. - EntryDate
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