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+Part 1 is framing. |
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+We live in the real world. This means we don’t tear down the state – reformism is possible through an active and involved citizenry. |
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+Zanotti, Laura. Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech; her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance. February 20, 2014. .“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World,” Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304. |
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+By questioning substantialist... and pessimistic activism.’’84 |
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+The state is heuristic – saying it’s a descriptor is a contradiction. This is also better than other approaches because my approach encourages political activism. This is a priori to dealing with political agency. |
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+Zanotti 2, Laura. Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech; her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance. February 20, 2014. .“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World,” Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304. |
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+While there are… universal normative aspirations.13 |
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+Thus, the standard is using the state as a heuristic tool. |
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+Prefer this because: |
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+1 Heuristics are the only way – meaning is a byproduct of our conceptions. |
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+James, William. American philosopher and psychologist. 1907. “ PRAGMATISM: A NEW NAME FOR SOME OLD WAYS OF THINKING,” lectures delivered at the Lowell Institute in Boston in November and December, 1906, and in January, 1907, at Columbia University, in New York. |
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+A glance at… of the phenomenon." *003 |
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+2 The state is inevitable – the best you can do to advocate for social change is speak the language of power and acknowledge its existence. The key to real world engagement is viewing the state as heuristic – ethics are upheld through policies, not the other way around. |
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+Chandler, David. University of Westminster international relations professor. 2007. “The Politics of Post-Territorial ‘Community’” http://www.davidchandler.org/pdf/chapters/Moscow20Post-Territorial20Community.pdf, p.18-9. |
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+This disjunction between… the outside world. |
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+Part 2 is the plan. |
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+Thus, the plan: “The United States Congress shall mandate that public colleges and universities in the United States not restrict any constitutionally protected speech.” |
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+Rappaport, Mike. Darling Foundation Professor of Law at the University of San Diego, where he also serves as the Director of the Center for the Study of Constitutional Originalism.1-31-2017, "Protecting Freedom of Speech on College Campuses," Online Library of Law and Liberty, http://www.libertylawsite.org/2017/01/31/protecting-freedom-of-speech-on-college-campuses/ |
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+Congress could pass… violate these rules. |
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+Part 3 is offense. |
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+Contention 1 is discourse. |
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+Discourse is key to education – means universities want to promote it. |
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+Pastoor, Lutine de Wal. PhD Educational Anthropology. 2007. “Learning discourse: Classroom learning in and through discourse,” doctoral dissertation submitted for the degree of Dr. Polit. Department of Psychology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Oslo. |
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+Rommetveit9 (1992) argues that… there and then. |
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+Hearing opposing viewpoints, even if offensive, makes one a better thinker. |
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+Kelly-Woessner, April. (Woessner is a professor and chairwoman of the political science department at Elizabethtown College) "The Fierce Debate over Free Speech on American College Campuses." LancasterOnline. N.p., 18 Sept. 2016. Web. http://lancasteronline.com/opinion/columnists/the-fierce-debate-over-free-speech-on-american-college-campuses/article_8c208d66-7b65-11e6-88de-d78bce73d4c3.html. |
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+We are all… exacerbate group conflicts. |
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+Contention 2 is self-discovery. |
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+Free speech is key to self-exploration. |
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+Larson III, Robert G. MA Journalism and Mass Communication from Minnesota, “FORGETTING THE FIRST AMENDMENT: HOW OBSCURITY-BASED PRIVACY AND A RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN ARE INCOMPATIBLE WITH FREE SPEECH” 18 Comm. L. and Pol'y 91, Winter 2013 |
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+The first of Emerson's… or her self-realization." n154 |
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+The university has a moral obligation under my FW to assist students in learning the lesson of self-discovery. |
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+Avery, Isamar. freelance writer for EliteDaily. No Date, "Why Self-Discovery Could Be The Most Important Lesson You'll Ever Learn," Elite Daily, http://elitedaily.com/life/motivation/the-importance-of-the-lesson-of-self-discovery/ |
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+In the real… good for you. |
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+Contention 3 is truth. |
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+Free speech is the key in the search for truth. |
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+Williams, Susan. Walter W. Foskett Professor of Law at Indiana University School of Law–Bloomington. "Free Speech And Autonomy: Inkers, Storytellers, And A Systemic Approach To Speech." Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. 2011. Web. December 06, 2016. http://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub/1321/?utm_source=www.repository.law.i ndiana.edu2Ffacpub2F1321andutm_medium=PDFandutm_campaign=PDFCoverPages |
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+Freedom of speech … in the competition. |
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+Promoting the truth is uniquely important under my framework. |
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+Lotta, Raymond. Contributor for Revolution. 3-11-2007, "Critical Thinking and the Search for the Truth: Today and in Socialist Society," Revolution, The voice of the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA. http://revcom.us/a/081/search-en.html |
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+The search for… why it matters. |