Summary

• Objects (1 modified, 1 added, 0 removed)
  • Caselist.RoundClass[15]
  • Caselist.CitesClass[14]

Details

Caselist.RoundClass[15]

EntryDate

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1		-2016-10-14 17:48:56.192
	1	+2016-10-14 17:48:56.0

Caselist.CitesClass[14]

Cites

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	1	+Fusion pic
	2	+Text Countries will prohibit the production of nuclear energy produced through fission reactors.
	3	+Competition-the cp excludes power from fusion reactors-mutually exclusive.
	4	+Net benefits- Nuclear fusion energy is clean, safe, and possible- it represents a solution to the worldwide nuclear crisis.
	5	+Jagers et al Nuclear Energy Author(s): Karl Grandin, Peter Jagers and Sven Kullander Source: Ambio , Vol. 39, Supplement 1. Special Report: Energy 2050 (2010), pp. 26-30 Published by: Springer on behalf of Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40801588 Accessed: 08-08-2016 19:23 UTC
	6	+During the past 50 years, a steadily growing collaboration on fusion research has taken place within the world scientific community. Large successful projects are being conducted in many of the industrialized countries such as JET (EU), TFTR and DIII-D (USA), and JT60-U (Japan). These are now followed by an even larger international experiment, ITER, initiated in 2005 and aiming at a burning full-scale reactor-like plasma. This is a joint project of the EU, USA, Japan, Russia, China, South Korea, and India. A further step after ITER is a demonstration reactor, DEMO, to be decided on around 2020. The international strategy also comprises back-up activities including concept improvements of the stellarator, the spherical tokamak and the reversed field pinch, coordination of national research activities on inertial confinement and possible alternative concepts as well as long-term fusion reactor technology. An important part of the latter is the IFMIF materials irradiation facility that fills the present gap of material tests at the high flux of 14 MeV neutrons in a fusion reactor. Some key issues in the use of fusion: Advantages and disadvantages compared to fission Technical and physical issues (initial confinement, magnetic confinement) From JET to ITER to DEMO to a power producing reactor Non-proliferation and waste Economical competiveness Time scale of realization Due to the inherent physics, fusion has a safety advantage over fission, and no long-lived radioactive waste is produced. However, there is a long road ahead before all the physical and technological issues are solved. The roadmap will address these aspects. In his talk “Fusion energy—ready for use by 2050?” Friedrich Wagner addressed the state of the development of fusion energy. Fusion energy, being the energy source of the stars, has the advantage of being both sustainable and environmental friendly. He pointed out that the energy within 1 g of fusion fuel corresponds to that of 12 tonnes of coal. The fuel for the first generation of a fusion reactor would be deuterium and tritium, where deuterium can be obtained from seawater and tritium can be bred from lithium, which is contained in the earth’s crust. In order for fusion reactions to take place, the repelling Coulomb forces of the nuclear constituents have to be overcome, which may occur at temperatures of 150 million °C. At such temperatures the fuel is in a plasma state, and needs magnetic confinement. The most popular fusion research facility is of the Tokamak type with magnetic confinement. An alternative way of obtaining fusion energy is by using a Stellarator type device with magnetic confinement in three dimensions. Already a short pulse of 16 MW of fusion energy has been produced at JET, the Joint European Torus experimental facility at Culham, UK. Plans are already underway to build the first experimental fusion reactor ITER, International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, in France as an international collaboration. ITER is a Tokamak type facility for demonstrating the feasibility of a fusion power plant. The goal is to produce fusion power of 500 MW, but most importantly to gain experience in regard to all the inherent physical problems. The target parameter for fusion research is the triple product of plasma temperature, particle density, and plasma confinement time. The plasma is heated by produced alpha particles and cooled by radiation and transport losses. From the present research, the targets for temperature and density have been achieved, but a factor 4 remains for the plasma confinement time. The solution is to make the containment volume larger and, in ITER with a radius of 6 m, the goal is to reach the sufficient confinement time and required triple product. According to Wagner, it is envisaged to deliver adequate information on physics, technology, and materials so that construction of a demonstration reactor, a DEMO plant can be started in 2030. In parallel to the ITER research, studies on the Stellarator type facility W7-X will be carried out in Greifswald for studying the plasma physics. When the decision for the final DEMO design is taken, the Tokamak geometry is the main option for the magnetic field layout, but a Stellarator design may be an attractive alternative. Along with the plasma physics studies, material studies are being carried out at the IFMIF 14 MeV neutron source in Japan. The DEMO will address the technological aspects and test the economy of the design. The main goal is to reach a steady-state operation, to achieve a reliable tritium production, to optimize the ferritic steel material and to demonstrate an economically competitive price. In conclusion, Wagner believed that fusion energy would be available from 2050, at least there is no evidence that there should be any fundamental obstacle in the basic physics. According to Wagner, there is a clear roadmap to commercialize fusion and he concluded that with fusion, we hand over to future generations a clean, safe, sustainable, and—in his expectations—economical power source accessible to all mankind. Nuclear energy cannot, as once believed, solve all of the world’s energy problems, but it can play an important carbon-free role in the production of electrical energy. For this reason, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences’ Energy Committee sees a need for continued and strengthened research for the development of the third and especially fourth generations of fission reactors. Without functioning fourth generation reactors, nuclear fission energy will not be sustainable, but with such reactor designs in operation it will be a viable option for a long time. Fusion energy has the potential of becoming a long-term environmental friendly and material-efficient energy option. However, concerted scientific research and technology development on an international scale is required for fusion to become a cost-effective energy option in this century.
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	8	+And, they have to win a disad to fusion power to win- the CP still solves all the aff offence by banning fission power, which is the form of nuclear power that actually causes their impacts

EntryDate

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	1	+2016-10-14 17:48:58.597

Judge

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	1	+Travis Fife

Opponent

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	1	+Mountain Brook PS

ParentRound

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	1	+15

Round

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	1	+2

Team

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	1	+North Crowley Reed Neg

Title

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	1	+2- Cp Fusion

Tournament

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	1	+Holy Cross