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Summary

Details

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1 -1) The nature of laws implies the state must look to the united will. Ripstein Bracketed for clarity
2 -All people have the right to act for themselves. Kant argues that provision for the poor follows directly from the very idea of a united will. He remarks that the idea of a united lawgiving will requires that citizens regard the state as existing in perpetuity. By this he does not mean to impose an absurd requirement that people live forever,or even the weaker one that it must sustain an adequate population, or make sure that all of its members survive. The state does need to maintain its material preconditions, and as we saw in Chapter 7, this need generates its entitlement to “administer the state’s economy and finance.The state’s existence in perpetuity, however, is presented as a pure normative requirement, grounded in its ability to speak and act for everyone. That ability must be able to survive changes in the state’s membership. You are the same person you were a year ago because your normative principle of organization has stayed the same through changes in the matter making you up. As a being entitled to set and pursue your own purposes, you decide what your continuing body will do. That is why your deeds can be imputed to you even after every molecule in your body has changed, and even if you have forgotten what you did. The unity of your agency is created by the normative principle that makes your actions imputable to you. In the same way, the state must sustain its basic normative principle of organization through time, even as some members die or move away and new ones are born or move in. As we saw in Chapter 7, its unifying principle—“in terms of which alone we can think of the legitimacy of the state”—is the idea of the original contract, through which people are bound by laws they have given themselves through public institutions. The state must have the structure that is required in order for everyone to be bound by it, so that it can legitimately claim to speak and act for all across time. The requirement of unity across time is clear in the cases of legislation by officials: if the official’s decision were only binding while a particular human being held office, a citizen would be entitled to regard laws as void once the official’s term ended. Because each person is master of him- or herself, one person is only bound by the authority of another through the idea of a united will. sustains the legitimacy of So the idea of a united will presupposes some manner in which it exists through time. Past legislation, like past agreement, can only bind those who come after if the structure through which laws are made is one that can bind everyone it governs.
3 -
4 -2) Only rational willing contains unconditional value; facts about the world only have value relative to agents. Korsgaard:
5 -Christine Korsgaard, “Two Distinctions in Goodness,” The Philosophical Review, Vol. 92, No. 2 (Apr., 1983), 182..
6 -In order for there to be objectively good ends, however, there must be
7 -AND
8 -by reason of their rational choices and so also as ends in themselves.
9 -
10 -Impacts:
11 -
12 -A) only universal reasons generates state obligation since that’s the only thing that everyone can access; pleasure constantly conflicts
13 -
14 -B) this means preserving freedom; the ability to set and pursue ends is shared by all citizens-else they couldn’t choose to be in the contract.
15 -
16 -Thus, the standard is consistency with a system of equal and outer freedom.
17 -
18 -1AC-Advocacy
19 -
20 -I defend the whole resolution-public colleges and universities in the United States ought not prohibit any Constitutionally protected speech.
21 -
22 -1AC-Contention
23 -
24 -Speech in its self does not constitute a wrong-thus prohibiting it is coercive.
25 -Varden 10 explains
26 - A Kantian Conception of Free Speech Helga Varden, former student of the OG Ripstein, In Deidre Golash (ed.), Free Speech in a Diverse World. Springer (2010) philpapers.org/rec/VARAKC-5
27 -This distinction between internal and external use of choice and freedom explains why Kant maintains
28 -AND
29 -cannot be seen as involving wrongdoing from the point of view of right.
30 -
31 -Prohibiting something or some activity that is not a wrong is itself a wrong.
32 -Ripstein 09
33 -Arthur Ripstein, Force and Freedom, 2009
34 -Each person’s entitlement to decide how his or her powers will be used precludes prohibiting
35 -AND
36 -you provide me with favorable background conditions to use my own powers.26
37 -
38 -1AC-Underview
39 -
40 -1-Reject specification on aff advocacies unless they can show me a specific disad they lost as a result of my practice-otherwise you didn’t lose any ground; also,
41 -
42 -2-Prefer reasonable aff interpretations on T and spec-the topic is poorly written and there’s a bunch of interpretations; also, if I do specify but you read the opposite interp, I still lose to theory regardless
43 -
44 -Only free speech can create political progress for minorities-gay rights proves
45 -Rauch 13 Jonathan Rauch, The Case for Hate Speech, The Atlantic, November 2013, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/11/the-case-for-hate-speech/309524///LADI
46 -History shows that the more open the intellectual environment, the better minorities will do
47 -AND
48 -rule, that was enough. We had the coercive power of truth.
49 -
50 -Resistance to free speech is an attempt to divide movements and impede social progress.
51 -Halberstam 16 Jack Halberstam, You Are Triggering me! The Neo-Liberal Rhetoric of Harm, Danger and Trauma, Bully Bloggers, 5/7/16. //LADI
52 -What does it mean when younger people who are benefitting from several generations now of
53 -AND
54 -ekki-ekki-ekki-PTANG. Zoom-Boing, z’nourrwringmm.”
55 -
56 -(__) Relying on intuition or dominant cultural norms is insufficient and counter-productive. Only universal reason can ground activism, Drescher 6.
57 -Gary L. Drescher (Visiting Fellow at the Center for Cognitive Studies at Tufts University, PhD in Computer Science from MIT). "Good and Real: Demystifying Paradoxes from Physics to Ethics." Bradford Books. 5 May 2006.
58 -Still, to the extent that evolution has rigged us with a disposition toward empathy the doctrine that there is no real distinction between right and wrong.
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