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+====The 1AC has an incomplete understanding of the police. The aff is holding individual officers accountable instead of understanding police violence as a result of ongoing colonial structures that use the police as a tool to control marginalized populations - challenging Eurocentric modernity begins with understanding the police as one weapon of many against the colonized.==== |
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+Camille **Casmier.** 20**15 **10 June. "The Coloniality of Post-Colonial Police Violence". Pg 1-2. Northwestern English and Film Undergraduate. |
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+In Ferguson, Missouri, a young black man is shot dead in the street |
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+AND |
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+obligation dissipates and the formation of a violent and militant police force begins. |
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+ |
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+====Political tinkering and state reform locks in genocide committed by the white supremist state. The mystified permanence of domestic warfar is hidden behind reformist policies and justified by the left's continued tolerance of dehumanization of black, brown, and aboriginal bodies. Structures of coloniality present us with unending genocide.==== |
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+**Rodriguez '8** ~~2008, Dylan Rodriguez is an Assistant Professor at University of California Riverside, Abolition Now! p.93-94~~ |
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+We are collectively witnessing, surviving, and working in a time of unprecedented state |
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+AND |
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+radically addresses the moral, cultural, and political premises of these wars. |
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+====Thus, the affirmative continues a narrative that fabricates a colonized subject. They uphold a fiction built around a white male conception of humanity and citizenship. The rhetoric of modernity glorifies salvation to further a universal agenda of knowledge that forces marginalized groups to assimilate to western subject hood. The only way to dismantle the colonial underpinnings is by exposing the narrative. Changing law is pointless unless we change the ideology behind them.==== |
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+Walter **Mignolo**, 20**06**. "Citizen Knowledge and the Limits of Humanity" |
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+When the idea of "citizenship" came into view—and was linked to |
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+AND |
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+right, the left, and the center) took away from them. |
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+====The alternative is epistemic disobedience.==== |
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+====The 1NC enactment of epistemic disobedience ruptures coloniality by challenging the rhetoric of modernity and providing a counter-energy to combat it – we are a necessary criticism of hegemonic structures of knowledge that maintain the liberal promises of reform. We open up the possibility to build knowledge that supersedes Western ideology by creating cracks in academic spaces - spatial paradigmatic breaks of epistemic disobedience.==== |
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+Walter **Mignolo**, 20**11**. "Epistemic Disobedience and the Decolonial Option: A Manifesto" Transmodernity (Fall 2011). Pg 44-50. |
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+But the basic formulation of decolonial delinking (e.g., desprendimiento) was |
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+AND |
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+then, is clear: the destruction of the coloniality of world power. |
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+ |
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+====Colonial violence is normalized in educational spaces like debate – it dictates which forms of knowledge and discourses are acceptable. ==== |
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+Sefa **Dei** and Stanley **Doyle-Wood**, 20**07**. "Knowledges and Multiple Knowings" The Praeger Handbook of Education and Psychology. |
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+As Philip Corrigan (1990, p. 156) has rightly pointed out schools |
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+AND |
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+of the physical subjugation, language was the means of the spiritual subjugation." |
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+====And debate is uniquely key to enact spaces that severe western epistemologies. We must change the content and the terms of the conversation by epistemically and linguistically rupturing colonial formations. ==== |
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+Walter **Mignolo**. 20**09**. "Epistemic disobedience, independent thoughts and decolonial freedom." |
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+The introduction of geo-historical and bio-graphical configurations in processes of knowing |
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+AND |
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+a detached observed but as the intervention of a de-colonial thinker. |