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+==1== |
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+====A focus on discourse is an abandonment of real change – we must use a materialist focus to solve oppression==== |
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+**Cloud '1** (Dana L. Cloud, Associate Professor, Communication Studies UT Austin, "The Affirmative Masquerade," American Communication Journal, Volume 4, Issue 3, Spring 2001, http://www.acjournal.org/holdings/vol4/iss3/special/cloud.htm) |
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+At the very least, however, it is clear that poststructuralist discourse theories have |
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+AND |
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+It is the means for producing transformative knowledges. (p. 7) |
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+====Radical democracy is relativism with a grand façade—this replicates political closure in excluding theory deemed 'too radical' or totalizing==== |
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+**Tumino 11 **Stephen Tumino, "The Affective Turn in Pedagogy: The Ecstatic Teacher and Other Stories," Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture and Society, 23:4, 2011, pp. 548-556 |
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+Even when someone like Kim Emery says in response to Graff that the university should |
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+AND |
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+is the only way to have your voice heard in the university now. |
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+====Their discursive framing is backwards—ideology and consumption patterns are determined by material inequalities. Cultural theory cedes politics by reducing praxis to flimsy 'transgressive' speech acts like the 1AC ==== |
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+**Tumino '8** Stephen Tumino, professor of English at the University of Pittsburgh, "Materiality in Contemporary Cultural Theory," The Red Critique, Fall/Winter 2008, accessed 1/21/10 http://www.redcritique.org/FallWinter2008/materialityincontemporaryculturaltheory.htm |
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+One of the mainstays of contemporary cultural theory is the argument that the social is |
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+AND |
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+of the other can afford to focus on their desires in the market. |
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+====Capitalism causes inevitable crises, inequality, and dehumanization—the alternative is a class-based critique of the system—pedagogical spaces are the crucial staging ground for hard-lined focus on class which keeps socialism on the horizon.==== |
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+McLaren, Distinguished Fellow – Critical Studies @ Chapman U and UCLA urban schooling prof, and Scatamburlo-D'Annibale, associate professor of Communication – U Windsor, '4 |
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+(Peter and Valerie, "Class Dismissed? Historical materialism and the politics of 'difference'," Educational Philosophy and Theory Vol. 36, Issue 2, p. 183-199) |
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+For well over two decades we have witnessed the jubilant liberal and conservative pronouncements of |
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+AND |
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+memories. Its potential remains untapped and its promise needs to be redeemed. |
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+====Evaluate the debate as a dialectical materialist - you are a historian inquiring into why the 1AC is necessary - Marx's labor theory of value is the best possible description==== |
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+**Tumino '1** Stephen Tumino, professor of English at the University of Pittsburgh, "What is Orthodox Marxism and Why it Matters Now More Than Ever Before," Red Critique, Spring 2001, http://redcritique.org/spring2001/whatisorthodoxmarxism.htm |
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+Any effective political theory will have to do at least two things: it will |
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+AND |
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+to each according to their needs" (Marx) is the rule. |