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+===Interpretation and Violation=== |
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+====The affirmative should defend the desirability of the implementation of the United States not restricting any constitutionally protected speech in public colleges and universities.==== |
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+====This does not require a specific form but only isolates what the content of the affirmative should contain – the affirmative must defend a policy action but can perform or present such an advocacy in any way they so desire.==== |
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+==== 'Resolved' denotes a proposal to be enacted by law ==== |
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+**Words and Phrases 64** |
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+(Permanent Edition) |
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+Definition of the word "resolve," given by Webster is "to express an |
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+AND |
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+," which is defined by Bouvier as meaning "to establish by law". |
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+====Protected speech is a legal doctrine relating to the 1^^st^^ Amendment. ==== |
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+**The Free Legal Dictionary,** 20**16** |
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+"Freedom of Speech", Definition. |
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+The Framers of the Constitution guaranteed freedom of speech and expression to the citizens of |
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+AND |
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+. Ct. 247, 63 L. Ed. 470 ~~1919~~). |
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+====United States is the government located in Washington, D.C.==== |
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+**West's Legal Thesaurus/Dictionary,** 19**85** |
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+"United States" pg 744 |
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+United States: Usually means the federal government centered in Washington, D.C. |
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+===Vote Negative=== |
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+====Extra T – their method of is an additional plank to the resolution. They justify an infinite number of affirmatives that combine refusal to restrict speech with a method which can be anything they want – that makes engagement impossible through prep explosion and predictability skew. They also tank negative ground – any counterplans, disadvantages, or kritiks are sidestepped by the fact that can weigh their specific method. Extra T is an independent voting issue for fairness and engagement. ==== |
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+====Topical version of the affirmative – you can defend the limiting free speech hurts black folks ability to develop activism – BLM for example, but defend the implementation and policy of the aff. ==== |
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+====Limits – they explode the potential affirmatives which structurally favors the affirmative because they can prep out specific responses while permuting counterplans and alternatives – screws the neg through massive prep skews and ability to engage. ==== |
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+====Switch-side debate – being forced to switch sides on a topic provides a more holistic understanding, anything less causes dogmatism and a lack of ability to engage from points of difference which severs education and makes us less effective advocates. Also solves their offense - you can read your affirmative on the negative. ==== |
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+====Fairness and likewise competitive equity are voting issues – topical fairness requirements are key to meaningful dialogue—monopolizing strategy and prep makes the discussion one-sided and subverts any meaningful neg role which is an impact in itself. ==== |
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+Ryan** Galloway 7**, Samford Comm prof, Contemporary Argumentation and Debate, Vol. 28, 2007 |
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+Debate as a dialogue sets an argumentative table, where all parties receive a relatively |
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+AND |
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+substitutes for topical action do not accrue the dialogical benefits of topical advocacy. |
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+====Evaluate the T debate under competing interpretations – it's key to generate clear models of debate and ground because otherwise the aff's interpretation can be a moving target. Reasonability is arbitrarily defined and causes a race to the bottom for the "most reasonable" position. ==== |