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+===Interpretation and Violation=== |
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+====The affirmative should defend the desirability of the implementation of the United States limiting qualified immunity for police officers.==== |
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+====This does not require a specific form but only isolates what the content of the affirmative should contain – the affirmative must defend a policy action but can perform or present such an advocacy in any way they so desire.==== |
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+==== 'Resolved' denotes a proposal to be enacted by law ==== |
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+**Words and Phrases 64** (Permanent Edition) |
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+Definition of the word "resolve," given by Webster is "to express an |
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+AND |
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+," which is defined by Bouvier as meaning "to establish by law". |
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+====Qualified immunity is a legal doctrine protecting officers from civil suits.==== |
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+**Legal Information Institute, No Date** |
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+"Qualified immunity" Cornell University Law School |
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+Qualified immunity balances two important interests—the need to hold public officials accountable when |
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+AND |
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+plaintiff's right if it is clear that the right was not clearly established. |
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+===Vote negative=== |
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+====Limits – they explode the potential affirmatives – there are 350 million people each with individual policing relationships that are topical. That structurally favors the affirmative because they can prep out specific responses while permuting counterplans and alternatives – screws the neg through massive prep skews and ability to engage. ==== |
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+====Topical version of the affirmative – they can defend that qualified immunity will be limited for police officers in specific geographic areas such as Chinatown or in instances of Asian Hate Crimes. ==== |
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+====Extra T – we'll isolate two violations a) they limit all immunity for police – not just qualified immunity b) their method of rage is an additional plank to the resolution. They justify an infinite number of affirmatives that combine limiting QI with a method which can be anything they want – that makes engagement impossible through prep explosion and predictability skew. They also tank negative ground – any counterplans, disadvantages, or kritiks are sidestepped by the fact that everything is limited. Extra T is an independent voting issue for fairness and engagement. ==== |
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+====Attitude and information are not enough—tying demands to legal goals and political actors are necessary to affect genuine change==== |
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+**Hodson 2010 **- professor of education – Ontario Institute for Studies @ University of Toronto |
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+(Derek, "Science Education as a Call to Action," Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, 10.3) |
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+The final (fourth) level of sophistication in this issues-based approach is |
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+AND |
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+justice are kept in the forefront of discussion during the establishment of policy. |
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+====Fairness and likewise competitive equity are voting issues that come first – topical fairness requirements are key to meaningful dialogue—monopolizing strategy and prep makes the discussion one-sided and subverts any meaningful neg role which is an impact in itself. ==== |
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+Ryan** Galloway 7**, Samford Comm prof, Contemporary Argumentation and Debate, Vol. 28, 2007 |
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+Debate as a dialogue sets an argumentative table, where all parties receive a relatively |
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+AND |
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+substitutes for topical action do not accrue the dialogical benefits of topical advocacy. |
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+====Even if we don't win our fairness first claims topicality is a form of engagement that presents an alternative model of how we should resist dominate structures of power – so it's offense under the role of the ballot.==== |