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+==1AC== |
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+===="We knew the world would not be the same. A few people laughed, a few people cried, most people were silent… "Now, I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds." ==== |
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+====- J. Robert Oppenheimer in 1945, after seeing the first atomic bomb test. ==== |
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+====Our narrative of nuclear power picks up with a small group of European physicists in 1939 who discover the unlikely potential of fission energy within atoms, only to have their research co-opted to create the A-Bomb. This is beginning of the end, sealing nuclear power's inevitable connection to nuclear weapons and militarism.==== |
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+Jean-Claude **Debeir et al,** 19**86** |
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+Jean Claude Debeir, Jean-Paul Deleage and Daniel Hemery, translated by John Barzman. "In the Servitude of Power: Energy and Civilization Through the Ages" pg 168-169. |
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+From the very beginning, the nuclear energy chain has been characterized by an irresistible |
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+AND |
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+the Moscow Treaty of I963 and the Non- Proliferation Treaty of I968. |
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+ |
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+====Following the experimental failures at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, America instituted a historical damage control in order to civilize perception of nuclear power. Under the guise of "nuclear energy", the West proliferates nuclear capacities across the globe, sealing a Faustian bargain for all of humanity while rewriting the history of the atom. ==== |
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+Jean-Claude **Debeir et al continues, ** |
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+Jean Claude Debeir, Jean-Paul Deleage and Daniel Hemery, translated by John Barzman. "In the Servitude of Power: Energy and Civilization Through the Ages" pg 170-172. |
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+The failure of the United States to preserve its A-bomb monopoly had a |
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+AND |
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+national states to overcome their handicap and catch up with their Western elders. |
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+====Those who bore the brunt of nuclear power's perverse history are those labeled "deviant". Toxic labor, colonization of indigenous land, and racialization all in the name of National Security and Uranium operate within "zones of morbidity" that justify certain deaths as less important, profitable, and justifiable. ==== |
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+Jamie Skye** Bianco,** 20**04** |
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+Bianco is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Media, Culture, and Communication; "Zones of Morbidity"; Issue 8 – Spring 2004; Rhizomes; http://www.rhizomes.net/issue8/bianco.htm ~~Brackets in original~~ |
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+If the heart of global U.S. militarist imperialism and its dependencies on |
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+AND |
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+" over and against "bare life" in Europe and the North. |
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+====Therefore, I affirm Resolved: Countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power.==== |
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+====Our method of enacting the prohibition of nuclear power production is one of genealogy – a critical interrogation of its historical underpinnings. Rather than reading history through objectivity, constantly interrogates the structures that enable certain histories to become dominate truisms. Such a process enables the removal of the reference points of power by placing a continuously shifting view of events that fragments coherence and allows resubjectivization while producing modes of resistance.==== |
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+Michael **Clifford,** 20**01** |
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+Clifford is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at the Institute for the Humanities and the Department of Philosophy and Religion at Mississippi State University. "Political Genealogy After Foucault," Routledge London, pg 134-137. |
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+Foucault's counter-memory is very close to the Nietzschean idea of "active forgetfulness |
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+AND |
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+transformation, of always being able to become other than what we are. |
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+====These perverse narratives of nuclear power are self-sustaining, critique is off limits because of the omnipresent image of the all-knowing Scientist. The historical webs cast by this "despotism of science" is innocent in neither intent nor consequence, ensuring a militaristic tie between science and warfare and corrupting critical questioning of potential risk-factors within vulnerable populations in favor of statist drives for power and domination. Our genealogical reading of the resolution enables a counter-historical narrative to oppose and break down the Western framing of nuclear power.==== |
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+Jean-Claude **Debeir et al,** 19**86** |
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+Jean Claude Debeir, Jean-Paul Deleage and Daniel Hemery, translated by John Barzman. "In the Servitude of Power: Energy and Civilization Through the Ages". |
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+To operate, the nuclear industry requires a minimum act of faith. It establishes |
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+AND |
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+I980. had already registered 24 incidents in its second year on line." |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====The role of the judge is to be an intellectual engaged in processes of uncovering and representing knowledge suppressed by systems of power.==== |
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+====Systems of power are tools that can either be used for good or manipulated for exploitation, as power is not absolute but rather fluid in its nature. Intellectuals have a particularly crucial role to play in terms of the restricting of criticism and history given their position within society. Acting alongside rather than evaluating transcendentally is crucial to critical praxis that can produce effective resistance. ==== |
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+Michel **Foucault and** Gilles **Deleuze,** 20**04** |
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+Foucault was a historian, Deleuze was a philosopher. They didn't really do much. "Desert Island and Other Texts: 1953-1974" (Desert Islands is a collection of unpublished interviews and texts by Deleuze, the collection was published in 2004, but the work within was written between 1953-1974) p206-209 |
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+Michel Foucault: A Maoist told me: "I can see why Sartre is |
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+AND |
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+them. A "theory" is the regional system of this struggle. |
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+====Traditional ethical analysis is always drawn along lines of disposability – positing deviant bodies as less important and in need of input within calculations – a focus on the way streams of power operate on bodies is crucial in decision-making.==== |
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+Elizabeth A. **Povinelli,** 20**13** |
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+Povinelli is Franz Boas Professor of Anthropology and Gender Studies, Director of the Institute for Research on Women and Gender and the Co-Director of the Centre for the Study of Law and Culture at Columbia University. "Necropolitics"; The Anthropology of Biopolitics; February 23, 2013; https://anthrobiopolitics.wordpress.com/2013/02/23/necropolitics/" |
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+In what might be seen as biopolitical 'social disposability' rather than 'social death' |
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+AND |
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+. government was reducing its populace to a politics of "bare life". |