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+====The aff’s focus on civil suits as a solution to police violence obscures the economic forces that are at the root and makes police violence inevitable Lane 7/21. ==== |
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+**ALYCEE LANE JULY 21, 2016 "Violence, Death and Our Neoliberal Police" http://www.counterpunch.org/2016/07/21/violence-death-and-our-neoliberal-police/** |
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+If what we are witnessing in these violent encounters with police is neoliberalism in action |
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+AND |
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+of governing" – including the hiring, oversight, and training of police |
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+ |
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+====Focusing on civil litigation as a tool to check police is a tool used by the police to maintain capitalism and corruption==== |
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+ |
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+**====Higdon '10 bracketed for grammar (Woodrow L., investigative photo journalist and former police officer, "Public Corruption Cover Up Through Civil Litigation," GTI, March) ** |
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+The so called "Civil and Criminal Justice Systems" in the United States, are systems controlled by money, and the access that money buys. In general, the more money you have, the more "Justice" you can buy. Good attorneys cost a lot more, than bad attorneys. District Attorneys and public agencies, have unlimited public tax dollar finances, which provide unlimited legal resources, for both criminal and civil cases. In the case of District Attorneys, it also provides almost unlimited power, to manipulate and obstruct criminal and civil law, and the lives of the people involved. This is why a corrupt public agency, or District Attorney's office, like the San Diego District Attorneys office, is so dangerous to the public welfare. It is also how many law enforcement agencies cover up public corruption, by obstructing the filing and investigation of citizen criminal complaints. This is done while knowing about citizens limitations in the civil legal system. Criminal investigations are blocked and citizens are pushed to hire a civil attorney, with the knowledge that very few can afford the cost of civil litigation. The few citizens that can afford to file a civil litigation, will quickly find that public agencies, and their employees, also have extensive protections from civil litigation, built into the legal system. These public entity civil litigation immunities were originally intended to protect the public agency for the financial benefit of the citizens. However, as time passed the public entities found the immunities could be used to protect tax dollar resources for the use of the public unions. Public agencies and DA's are well aware of these financial and legal advantages when they push citizens to drop criminal complaints, go away, and hire an attorney. It is also why "Civil Litigation", is one of the most effective public corruption cover up tools available to public agencies.==== |
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+ |
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+====Class focus must come first – it is the root cause of all oppression. Kovel 07,==== |
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+**Kovel, Prof. of Social Studies @ Bard, 2007 ~~Joel, "The Enemy of Nature", p. 140-~~** |
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+If, however, we ask the question of efficacy, that is, |
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+AND |
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+unfolding of contemporary ecological struggles, as we discuss in the next section. |
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+ |
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+====The alternative is to reject the aff in favor of embracing pedagogical Marxist socialism. It is the role of educators to expand our understandings of alternatives to capitalism. D’Annibale ‘06==== |
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+Valerie Scatamburlo-D’Annibale, award-winning author and educator, is an Associate Professor of Communication Studies @ University of Windsor "Imagining the Impossible: Revolutionary Critical Pedagogy Against the 21^^st^^ Century American Imperium" International Journal of Progressive Education Vol: 2 Issue: 3 |
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+The Boy Emperor and his minions would have us believe that our only choice is |
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+AND |
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+historian, scholar, and activist Studs Terkel, that hope dies last. |
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+ |
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+====The role of the ballot is to critically interrogate capitalism. Recognizing that the epistemology of capitalism manipulates our understanding of policy is a pre-condition to evaluating the resolution and the aff. Marsh 95,==== |
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+Marsh 95- Professor of Philosophy at Fordham University, PhD from Northwestern University (James, Critique Action and Liberation, p 331-2) |
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+Is it reasonable, therefore, even to talk about the possibility of a socialism |
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+AND |
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+move on. Recent events in eastern Europe only confirm such a judgment. |