Changes for page Lynbrook Ajjarapu Aff
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,48 @@ 1 +Part 1 is the Framework 2 +The role of the judge is to vote for the debater who best uses the academic setting to challenge power structures and knowledge. Every position actively promotes some way of understanding. The only defensible position is one that challenges and makes students aware of oppressive power structures. Espinoza ‘03 Tejeda, Carlos, Manuel Espinoza, and Kris Gutierrez. "Toward a decolonizing pedagogy: Social justice reconsidered." Pedagogies of difference: Rethinking education for social change (2003): 9-38. 3 +Critical pedagogy has put forth AND and the ends of schooling. 4 +Thus, the standard is minimizing structural violence. 5 +Additional reasons to prefer: 6 +1) arbitrariness 7 +2) epistemology 8 +3) justifiability 9 +Theoretical critique is insufficient—our discussion should be based around finding policies, changes in the empirical world, that can both reorient our values and change tangible conditions of oppression. Curry 14 10 +Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14, “The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century”, Victory Briefs, 2014 11 +Despite the pronouncement of debate AND our ideological tendencies and politics. 12 +Plan text: The United States Federal Government should limit qualified immunity for police officers by removing the "clearly established" standard for qualified immunity. 13 +Sam Wright 15 (Sam Wright, public interest lawyer who has spent his career exclusively in nonprofits and government) Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity, Above the Law 11-3-2015 LADI 14 +Despite the fact that it AND clearly established in the courts? 15 +I’ll grant you links to any mechanism the plan can be passed under if asked. 16 +Advantage 1 is Brutality 17 +The Supreme Court qualified immunity decision sets a precedent for police misconduct – police are allowed to kill with impunity 18 +Tom Carter 15 (Tom Carter, World Socialist Website) US Supreme Court expands immunity for killer cops, International Committee of the Fourth International International Committee of the Fourth International 11-12-2015 LADI 19 +With the death toll from AND time to kill a cop!’” 20 +Qualified immunity ensures rights never get established making violations inevitable 21 +Tom Carter 15 (Tom Carter, World Socialist Website) US Supreme Court expands immunity for killer cops, International Committee of the Fourth International International Committee of the Fourth International 11-12-2015 LADI 22 +“Qualified immunity” is a reactionary AND growth of working class opposition. 23 +Qualified immunity entrenches systemic racism – creates a self-reinforcing cycle 24 +Reinhardt 15 Stephen R. Reinhardt, Circuit Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, “The Demise of Habeas Corpus and the Rise of Qualified Immunity: The Court’s Ever Increasing Limitations on the Development and Enforcement of Constitutional Rights and some Particularly Unfortunate Consequences,” Michigan Law Review, Vol. 113, 2015. NA 25 +The Court has often remarked AND reserved for black defendants alone.171 26 +QI is used to justify every form of discrimination 27 +Simon Behrman 11 (Simon Behrman, ) Police killings and the law – International Socialism, 1-4-2011 LADI 28 +Hillyard coined the term “suspect AND deliberate killing of innocent people. 29 +Advantage 2 is the War on Terror 30 +Civil lawsuits against police spill over to national security 31 +Brooks 13 Brooks, Rosa (2013), pf @ Georgetown Law, "The Trickle-Down War," Yale Law and Policy Review: Vol. 32: Iss. 2, Article 8. Available at: http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/ylpr/vol32/iss2/8 NA 32 +In this brief Essay, I AND civil litigation will increasingly blur. 9 33 +Abolishing QI balances the war on terror – we can still fight terrorism but the plan allows for a critical questioning of the government’s methods which solves human rights violations 34 +Vladeck 13 Steve Vladeck, 2-0-13, "Why a "Drone Court" Won't Wor," Lawfare, https://www.lawfareblog.com/why-drone-court-wont-work-nominal-damages-might NA 35 +At first blush, it may AND legal issues would be overcome. 36 +Current unchecked war on terror is racist – justifies oppression of brown bodies 37 +Greenwald 13 Glenn Greenwald, 3-25-2013, "The racism that fuels the 'war on terror'," Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/mar/25/racism-war-on-terror-awlaki NA 38 +But it seems clear there AND is certainly a significant one. 39 +Part 4 is the Solvency 40 +Court decisions key – spillover to departmental reforms against police misconduct 41 +Michael Meltsner 16 (Michael Meltsner, Matthews Distinguished Professor of Law at Northeastern and the author of The Making of a Civil Rights Lawyer, ) What it would really take to stop the killing, Boston 7-7-2016 AT 42 +One wonders how much longer AND that includes equally destructive revenge. 43 +Lawsuits lead to departmental reform – 2 empirical warrants 44 +McCoy 11 - criminal justice generalist @ CUNY (Candace HOW CIVIL RIGHTS LAWSUITS HAVE IMPROVED AMERICAN POLICING This is Chapter 7 of a book manuscript titled To Protect Life: Readings on Police Accountability, currently under review with a university press pp. 157-222 http://web.law.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/microsites/contract-economic-organization/files/McCoy_Impact20of20Police20Litigation202011.pdf DOA 12/1/16) NA 45 +The fourth section explains why AND and spur for increased innovation. 46 +And we turn deterrence – depolicing prevents mass incarceration of black people – outweighs crime since its arbitrary structural violence and also disenfranchises black voters making reform impossible 47 +Collins-Chobanian 09 Shari, phd in philosophy, prof @ ASU, "Analysis of Paul Butler's Race-Based Jury Nullification and His Call to Black Jurors and the African American Community" Journal of Back Studies 39.4, 2009 48 +Americans ages 18 to 35 AND breadth of racism and profiling. - EntryDate
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