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+Dehumanization is the root cause of every other impact – prioritize it as the greatest impact in the round. |
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+Berube ‘97(David Berube, Ph.D. in Communications and Professor of Communication at South Carolina, "Nanotechnological Prolongevity: The Down Side", NanoTechnology Magazine, June/July 1997, p. 1-6, URL: http://www.cla.sc.edu/ENGL/faculty/berube/prolong.htm) |
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+This means-ends dispute … most powerful weapon. |
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+Critiquing everyday structural violence is key to combatting dehumanization – the system relies on ignorance to justify genocide. Dehumanization begins in our minds, driven by a securitizing fear of the "other" – police are thus celebrated as hero figures, not in spite of their anti-Black violence, but because of it. Exposing this system and creating a "call to alarm" is key to fight the structural genocide that is hidden in plain sight |
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+Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois ‘4, (Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn) (Nancy and Philippe, Introduction: Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22) |
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+This large and … feelings of victimization. |
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+The Role of the Ballot is thus to vote for the team that best methodologically challenges structural violence. |
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+The Role of the Ballot is best achieved through the marriage of critical theory and concrete analysis – any attempt to address structural problems without this combination invariably fails. |
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+Keohane ‘98 (Robert. “Beyond Dichotomy: Conversations Between International Relations and Feminist Theory", Duke University. International Studies Quarterly 42, 193-198. 1998. synergy.com/action/showPdf?submitPDF=Full+Text+PDF+2889+KB29anddoi=10.11112F0020-8833.00076.) |
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+The problem with … system without states. |
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+C1 –Status Quo |
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+Police brutality is a form of structural violence based on the dehumanization of Black Americans. |
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+Ragland ’16 (David. "Michael Brown and America’s Structural Violence Epidemic." Common Dreams, 14 Aug. 2014, www.commondreams.org/views/2014/08/14/ michael-brown-and-americas-structural-violence-epidemic. Accessed 3 Nov. 2016.) |
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+I flew into … this national epidemic. |
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+This structural violence has created a biopolitical police state that we sustain through ignorance and a lack of accountability. This creates concrete conditions of suffering against which there is no defense. |
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+Whitehead ’16 (John W. "All The Ways You Can Comply And Still Die During An Encounter With Police." Huffington Post, 6 Oct. 20**16**, www.huffingtonpost.com/john-w-whitehead/ all-the-ways-you-can-comp'b'12320364.html. Accessed 5 Nov. 2016. John Whitehead is an attorney, president of The Rutherford Institute, and author of ‘Battlefield America’.) |
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+How do you … suspects and criminals? |
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+Empirical analysis proves that the primary cause of this violence is a lack of accountability. |
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+DOJ ’14 (United States Department of Justice. "United States Department of Justice" ~"Investigation of the Cleveland Division of Police"~~. US Department of Justice, 4 Dec. 20**14**, www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/crt/legacy/ 2014/12/04/cleveland'summary'12-4-14.pdf. Accessed 2 Nov. 2016.) |
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+Investigation of the … justify our finding. |
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+Lack of accountability can be attributed directly to qualified immunity – the term “clearly established” has created a condition of absolute immunity, destroying the only recourse against police brutality. |
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+Chen ’16 (Alan. "Qualified Immunity Limiting Access to Justice and Impeding Development Of The Law". Americanbar.org. N. p., 2016. Web. 1 Nov. 2016.) |
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+In 2003, the … becoming clearly established. |
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+The Supreme Court’s 2009 ruling in Pearson v. Callahan has made this problem infinitely regressive – it requires that there be legal precedent, but makes it impossible to establish that precedent. |
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+Chen ’16 (Alan. "Qualified Immunity Limiting Access to Justice and Impeding Development Of The Law". Americanbar.org. N. p., 2016. Web. 1 Nov. 2016.) |
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+Critics of qualified … denial of certiorari. |
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+The tipping point is now – limiting immunity is critical to stop an irreversible descent into a militarized police state where structural violence is inevitable. |
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+Whitehead ’16 (John. "Killer Instincts: When Police Become Judge, Jury And Executioner." Huffington Post, 11 Aug. 2016, www.huffingtonpost.com/ john-w-whitehead/killer-instincts-when-pol_b_11407458.html. Accessed 7 Nov. 2016.) |
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+Any police officer … the average citizen. |
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+Thus I affirm that the United States ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers. In the interest of a stable advocacy, I will defend the Supreme Court overturning the Pearson v. Callahan ruling and reinstating the precedent set by Saucier v. Katz. |
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+To clarify, this advocacy is a way of meeting the Role of the Ballot – by proposing real world solutions, we bring about concrete analysis of modes of structural violence that creates a starting point for real world action independent of post-fiat solvency, as indicated in both the Scheper-Hughes and Keohane evidence. |
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+C2 – Solvency |
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+Limiting immunity is key to creating accountability and fighting misconduct while maintaining a reasonability standard. |
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+Wright ’16 (Sam. "Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity". Above the Law. N. p., 2016. Web. 18 Oct. 2016.) |
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+Under Arrest Recently…make it happen. |
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+Increased accountability solves – fosters trust, improves police performance, and reverses the “us-against-them” mentality that reproduces police violence through cycles of animosity. |
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+DOJ ’14 (United States Department of Justice. "United States Department of Justice" "Investigation of the Cleveland Division of Police". US Department of Justice, 4 Dec. 2014, www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/crt/legacy/ 2014/12/04/cleveland_summary_12-4-14.pdf. Accessed 2 Nov. 2016.) |
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+Finally, CDP’s failure … safely and effectively. |
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+This link turns any DA’s – we improve police performance and decrease the need for lawsuits. |
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+The Aff best meets the Role of the Ballot – the very act of questioning the system opens the door to real-world change. |
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+Glasser ’97 (Ira. "Fighting Police Abuse: A Community Action Manual". American Civil Liberties Union. 1997. Web. 7 Nov. 2016. Ira Glasser is the Executive Director of the American Civil Liberties Union.) |
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+Nonetheless, even one … in every city. |