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+====I affirm the resolution that stands resolved: The United States ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers.==== |
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+====Beginning with the value debate: I value morality. Morality is the result of the human experiment in which static truths don’t exist, but rather, these truths are subject to change. We must constantly inquire into change of the world to update the Moral.==== |
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+====I contend we should not foreclose the possibility of experimentation with the Political as a method of effective change. We should instead innovate and improve the material conditions we face; and thus my criterion is pragmatic experimentation with the law.==== |
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+===Inherency=== |
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+====Subsections b(1), d(1)(B) and d(1)(C) of Section 1206 of Public Law 110-53 currently allows for the civic immunity of any police and law enforcement that had acted in “good faith” in regards to possible terrorism; actions that are fundamentally discriminatory are protected, allowing for an endless war on those that do not meet the standard of “posing no threat”, of meeting their categorical definitions of the Safe. Arun Kundnani and Deepa Kumar in 2015 write,==== |
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+Arun (professor @ NYU, and author on domestic surveillance) and Deepa (professor of Middle East Studies @ Rutgers), Spring 2015, “Race, surveillance, and empire”, http://isreview.org/issue/96/race-surveillance-and-empire, Accessed 7/14/15, AX |
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+Discussions of the ... before or after.61 |
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+====Modern Islamophobic policies create a state of life which is never really lived, and continually creates a war on difference. Tim Wise in 2001 writes,==== |
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+Wise 1 (Tim Wise, Writer, lecturer, antiracism activist, author, and was an adjunct professor at the Smith College School of Social Work and was an advisor to the Fisk University Race Relations Institute, “Rationalizing Racism: Panic and Profiling After 9/11”, December 10 2001, http://www.alternet.org/story/12065/rationalizing_racism3A_panic_and_profiling_after_9_11?paging=off#bookmark) //mL |
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+To many, complaints ... that's the point. |
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+====Thus, the plan: The United States Congress should strike subsections b(1), d(1)(B) and d(1)(C) of section 1206 of Public Law 110-53, and to amend this section to require the debriefing on all law enforcement officers of this change.==== |
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+===Solvency=== |
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+====Three pieces of solvency here-==== |
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+====One: The debriefing of law enforcement officers that are subject to the plan eliminates the defense of qualified immunity due to a non-clearly established precedent; with the required debriefing, qualified immunity can no longer be a defense for unreasonable action due to the formulation of qualified immunity.==== |
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+====Two: Policy, specifically in relation to stopping Islamophobia, is necessary for change to be actualized. Tiffani B. Figeuroa in 2012 writes,==== |
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+Tiffani B. Figueroa, associate in Morrison Foerster’s Litigation Department, J.D. magna cum laude from Hofstra University School of Law, “"ALL MUSLIMS ARE LIKE THAT": HOW ISLAMOPHOBIA IS DIMINISHING AMERICANS' RIGHT TO RECEIVE INFORMATION”, Hofstra Law Review, Winter 2012 |
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+Although Muslims have ... by public policy. 1 87 |
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+====Three: Interrogations of Islamophobia in educational settings is key to establish a critical consciousness that establishes larger political projects: this space is key. Just the act of looking at Islamophobia as it relates to today’s discussion will allow for wider political change. Shirin Housee in 2012 writes,==== |
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+Shirin Housee works at the School of Humanities, Languages and Social Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, UK “What’s the point? Anti-racism and students’ voices against Islamophobia”, Volume 15, Issue 1 |
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+Having reflected on ... should be directed”. (Sheridan, L, 2004:162 in Driel, B, Van) |