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Cites

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1		-1. The self perpetuating cycle of anti-black violence was created by policy and can only be ended as such – debate is essential to engage in contestation of those policies to determine the best option to challenge anti-blackness ====
2		-**Bouie 13 **~~Jamelle, The American Prospect, "Making (and Dismantling) Racism" http://prospect.org/article/making-and-dismantling-racism, accessed 10-15-14, TAP~~
3		-Over at The Atlantic, Ta-Nehisi Coates has been exploring the intersection of
4		-AND
5		-of the Negro (Kindle Locations 952-958). . Kindle Edition.
6		-
7		-
8		-====2. Non ideal theory good====
9		-Mills 05** ~~Charles W. Mills, "Ideal Theory" as Ideology, 2005~~**
10		-I suggest that this spontaneous reaction, far from being philosophically naïve or jejune
11		-AND
12		-that the ideal-as-idealized-model will never be achieved.
13		-
14		-
15		-====3. We need to embrace the political as a heuristic to reclaim political education for the black subject. Pessimistic activism fails ====
16		-**Zanotti 14** ~~Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance."Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World" – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated "Version of Record" is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.~~
17		-While there are important variations in the way international relations scholars use governmentality theory,
18		-AND
19		-the context where they are made rather than based upon their universal normative aspirations
20		-
21		-
22		-====4. Our discussions cannot be based on ideal theory— We can’t abstract away from the problems in the real world. Policy Discussion about material conditions are key====
23		-Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14 The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century. 2014 VV
24		-Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real
25		-AND
26		-to endorse the debater with the best material approach to deconstructing Anti- Blackness
27		-
28		-
29		-===Plan===
30		-
31		-
32		-====Plan Text: The United States Federal government ought to replace qualified immunity protections for constitutional rights violations with strict liability- We can clarify in CX====
33		-**Bernick 15** ~~Bernick, Evan. "To Hold Police Accountable, Don't Give Them Immunity." FEE Freeman Article. Foundation for Economic Education, 06 May 2015. Web. 21 Oct. 2016. https://fee.org/articles/to-hold-police-accountable-dont-give-them-immunity/.~~ NN
34		-What needs to happen? Simply put, qualified immunity has to go. It
35		-AND
36		-officers currently enjoy with a realistic avenue for the vindication of constitutional rights.
37		-
38		-
39		-====Strict Liability would hold police for Constitutional rights violations regardless of culpability. Each violation is absolute. ====
40		-**Laws ND** Laws, Negligence. "AN EASY GUIDE TO STRICT LIABILITY TORT." Laws. Law.com, n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2016. http://negligence.laws.com/strict-liability. NN
41		-**Tort law (which this applies to) is for civil cases**
42		-**Implication is **
43		-**AND**
44		-risks of the product, they will not be able to recover damages.
45		-
46		-
47		-====Officers can misrepresent incidents to avoid internal affairs investigations; Means judicial investigation for QI can be falsely premised – litigation uniquely solves ====
48		-**Schwartz 11** ~~Schwartz, Joanna C. is a Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law. She teaches Civil Procedure, the Civil Rights Litigation Clinic, and a variety of courses on police accountability and public interest lawyering. In 2015, she received UCLA’s Distinguished Teaching Award. She is a graduate of Brown University and Yale Law School "What Police Learn from Lawsuits." Cardozo L. Rev. 33 (2011): 841. http://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/default/files/event/265497/media/slspublic/What'Police'Learn'From'Lawsuits.pdf~~ NN
49		-Fourth, officials may mislabel or misfile civilian complaints so they are not investigated.
50		-AND
51		-misconduct claims so that they will not be investigated by internal affairs.141
52		-
53		-
54		-====Lawsuits are uniquely key to revealing the truth behind constitutional rights violations.====
55		-**Schwartz 11-2 **~~Schwartz, Joanna C. is a Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law. She teaches Civil Procedure, the Civil Rights Litigation Clinic, and a variety of courses on police accountability and public interest lawyering. In 2015, she received UCLA’s Distinguished Teaching Award. She is a graduate of Brown University and Yale Law School "What Police Learn from Lawsuits." Cardozo L. Rev. 33 (2011): 841. http://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/default/files/event/265497/media/slspublic/What'Police'Learn'From'Lawsuits.pdf~~ NN
56		-The most "glaring deficiency" of the internal investigation was the failure to enhance
57		-AND
58		-be filled, at least in part, by information revealed in litigation.
59		-
60		-
61		-====Higher aggregate of lawsuits means departments can identify trends – Key to effective policy====
62		-**Schwartz 11-3 **~~Schwartz, Joanna C. is a Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law. She teaches Civil Procedure, the Civil Rights Litigation Clinic, and a variety of courses on police accountability and public interest lawyering. In 2015, she received UCLA’s Distinguished Teaching Award. She is a graduate of Brown University and Yale Law School "What Police Learn from Lawsuits." Cardozo L. Rev. 33 (2011): 841. http://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/default/files/event/265497/media/slspublic/What'Police'Learn'From'Lawsuits.pdf~~ NN
63		-By reviewing lawsuits as a group, departments can identify problems that would not have
64		-AND
65		-on this issue, and it "nearly disappeared as a problem."71
66		-
67		-
68		-===Adv – The Police===
69		-
70		-
71		-====QI allows insane police defenses to clear constitutional violations – Disproportionately hurts black people.====
72		-**Crockford 15**~~Crockford, Kade. "Militarization of Police and Racial Justice Gone Wrong: The Eurie Stamps Tragedy." American Civil Liberties Union. ACLU, 29 Sept. 2015. Web. 21 Oct. 2016. https://www.aclu.org/blog/speak-freely/militarization-police-and-racial-justice-gone-wrong-eurie-stamps-tragedy.~~ NN
73		-That was in 2011, during a SWAT raid on Stamps’ home. The Framingham
74		-AND
75		-endanger individuals and communities already bearing the brunt of disparate, aggressive policing.
76		-
77		-
78		-====Police Culture has developed to a point that fatal force is common place- we need a major change to Qualified Immunity to solve ====
79		-**Joyner 15**, ~~Irving. "The Police, the Law, and the Unjustified Use of Force." RSS. N.p., 8 July 2015. Web. 24 Oct. 2016. http://www.scalawagmagazine.org/articles/police-law-force. Law Professor Irving Joyner explains the near impossibility of prosecuting police officers for using excessive force, and suggests what we can do about it.~~ VV
80		-Where a police officer uses any degree of force, fatal or non-fatal
81		-AND
82		-the police culture and its use of force will continue to frustrate people.
83		-
84		-
85		-====Rolling back Qualified Immunity is the first step to make the Police more accountable====
86		-**Wright 15**, ~~Sam. "Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity." Above the Law. N.p., 3 Nov. 2015. Web. 23 Oct. 2016. http://abovethelaw.com/2015/11/want-to-fight-police-misconduct-reform-qualified-immunity/.~~VV
87		-In order to truly hold police accountable for bad acts, civilians must be able
88		-AND
89		-show that that conduct’s illegality has already been clearly established in the courts?
90		-
91		-
92		-====QI allows blatantly outrageous conduct and rights violations to go unpunished – civil lawsuits key for policy shift in departments====
93		-**Bernick 15-2**
94		- ~~Bernick, Evan. "To Hold Police Accountable, Don't Give Them Immunity." FEE Freeman Article. Foundation for Economic Education, 06 May 2015. Web. 21 Oct. 2016. https://fee.org/articles/to-hold-police-accountable-dont-give-them-immunity/.~~ NN
95		-In the wake of the tragic deaths of Eric Garner, Tamir Rice, Walter
96		-AND
97		-granted, discovery stops, and there is no trial on the merits.
98		-
99		-
100		-====Civil lawsuits put pressure on police departments for personnel changes—cops are deterred by threat of losing their job====
101		-Rosario 16
102		-**Ruben Rosario. When Cops kill, civil lawsuits are often a way justice is served. Twin Cities pioneer press. From smoking crack in a Harlem drug den for a front-page exposé to covering the deaths of 86 people in a Bronx social club fire, Rubén Rosario spent 11 years as a writer for the New York Daily News before joining the Pioneer Press in 1991 as special correspondent and city editor. He launched his award-winning column in 1997. He is by far the loudest writer in the newsroom over the phone. July 16, 2016. http://www.twincities.com/2016/07/16/rosario-when-cops-kill-civil-lawsuits-often-are-way-justice-is-served/.**
103		-"Civil suits can do a number of things to help achieve justice: secure
104		-AND
105		-and the department will need to find alternative coverage or cease to exist.

EntryDate

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1		-2016-11-05 19:25:13.0

Judge

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1		-Lauren Burdt

Opponent

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1		-WDM CT

ParentRound

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1		-8

Round

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1		-5

Team

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1		-Lexington Venkatasami Aff

Title

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1		-NOVDEC- Latoya 1AC v2

Tournament

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1		-Apple Valley