Changes for page Lexington Roy Aff

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Summary

Details

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1 -Iran Full Ban 1AC
2 -
3 -Framing
4 -
5 -Non ideal theory good
6 -
7 -Mills 05
8 -Charles W. Mills, “Ideal Theory” as Ideology, 2005
9 -I suggest that this spontaneous reaction, far from being philosophically naïve or jejune
10 -AND
11 -that the ideal-as-idealized-model will never be achieved.
12 -
13 -Pain provides an objective for why oppression is bad. Thus the standard is maximizing expected well-being.
14 -
15 -Gray 09
16 -Gray, James W. "An Argument for Moral Realism." Ethical Realism. N.p., 07 Oct. 2009. Web. 04 Sept. 2015. https://ethicalrealism.wordpress.com/2009/10/07/an-argument-for-moral-realism/. MA in philosophy from San Jose State University (2008)
17 -If we have evidence that anything in particular has intrinsic value, then we also
18 -AND
19 -attempt to show that the alternatives are less justified in the next section.
20 -
21 -Extinction scenarios are key to genuine resistance to power- the state is inevitable but images of apocalypse are a useful tool for resisting dominant power structures.
22 -
23 -Schatz 12
24 -JL, Binghamton U, "The Importance of Apocalypse: The Value of End-­‐Of-­‐ The-­‐World Politics While Advancing Ecocriticism," The Journal of Ecocriticism: Vol 4, No 2 (2012) KB
25 -Any hesitancy to deploy images of apocalypse out of the risk of acting in a
26 -AND
27 -where multitudes, and not governments, guide the fate of the planet.
28 -
29 -Humanity has a right to exist— anything else excludes infinite future generations which outweighs their impacts on scope- the 1AC’s discussion is uniquely important
30 -
31 -Cerutti 14
32 -Furio, Professor of Political Philosophy emeritus at the University of Florence and Adjunct Professor at the Scuola superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa. In the last fifteen years, Cerutti has been aVisiting Professor at Harvard, the Universit´e de Paris 8, the Humboldt Universit ¨at zu Berlin, the London School of Economics and Political Science,(China Foreign Affairs University), Beijing, and Stanford University in Florence. Beyond the publications quoted in this article, Cerutti has written widely on the political identity of the Europeans and the legitimacy of the European Union (last publication: Debating Political Identity and Legitimacy in the European Union, ed. with S. Lucarelli and V. Schmidt, Routledge: London 2011), “Humankind’s First Fundamental Right: Survival,” Constellations, 2014
33 -I have explained elsewhere9 why survival rather than justice is the leading category of a
34 -AND
35 -everybody, not just to the practitioners of academic philosophy Schulphilosophie.
36 -
37 -Plan
38 -
39 -Plan Text: Resolved- The federal government of the Islamic Republic of Iran ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power
40 -
41 -That causes shift to renewables and solves regional stability—current nuclear program is comparatively worse than alternatives.
42 -
43 -Lovins 15 (#1)
44 -Amory B. Lovins- an American physicist, environmental scientist, writer, and Chairman/Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute. He has worked in the field of energy policy and related areas for four decades. 27 August 2015, updated 29 September 2015. Iran’s Invisible Opportunity for Energy and Security: Modern energy investments could sideline nuclear ambiguity. RW.
45 -The tense standoff and emerging potential shift in America’s vexed relationship with Iran creates a
46 -AND
47 -To explore this thesis, we need to start with a little history.
48 -
49 -The current nuclear program is weak and unreliable.
50 -
51 -Lovins 15 (#2)
52 -Amory B. Lovins- an American physicist, environmental scientist, writer, and Chairman/Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute. He has worked in the field of energy policy and related areas for four decades. 27 August 2015, updated 29 September 2015. Iran’s Invisible Opportunity for Energy and Security: Modern energy investments could sideline nuclear ambiguity. RW.
53 -Amory B. Lovins- an American physicist, environmental scientist, writer, and Chairman/Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute. He has worked in the field of energy policy and related areas for four decades. 27 August 2015, updated 29 September 2015. Iran’s Invisible Opportunity for Energy and Security: Modern energy investments could sideline nuclear ambiguity. VR
54 -In striking contrast
55 -AND
56 - were cheaply done abroad.
57 -
58 -Adv 1: Middle East Proliferation
59 -
60 -Squo
61 -
62 -Iran is dangerously close to building a nuclear bomb in the status quo.
63 -
64 -Rubin 16
65 -Jennifer Rubin, Writer for Washington Post 7-19-2015, "By 2016, Iran could be back building a nuke," https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/wp/2015/07/19/by-2016-iran-could-be-back-building-a-nuke/?utm_term=.2df33f746c82
66 -To repeat: What was supposed to be a phased withdrawal of the sanctions so
67 -AND
68 -This is only one reason the deal must be thwarted before it begins.
69 -
70 -The plan solves because a complete halt of nuclear power is key to preventing nuclear weapons capability.
71 -
72 -Lovins 15 (#3)
73 -Amory B. Lovins, 1-17-2010, “Proliferation, oil, and climate: solving for pattern,” FOREIGN POLICY, http://www.rmi.org/Knowledge-Center/Library/2010-02_ProliferationOilClimatePatternVR
74 -We can have proliferation with nuclear power, via either end of any fuel cycle
75 -AND
76 -nuclear power is both a necessary and a nearly sufficient condition for nonproliferation.
77 -
78 -Impacts
79 -
80 -The Iranian nuclear program causes Middle East nuke weapon proliferation – regardless of whether the bomb exists.
81 -
82 -Maloney 15 (#1)
83 -Suzanne Maloney, 8-5-2015, "U.S. policy toward the Middle East after the Iranian nuclear agreement," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/testimonies/u-s-policy-toward-the-middle-east-after-the-iranian-nuclear-agreement/VR
84 -That said, the Saudis may react in other ways. First, we should
85 -AND
86 -if they do not force Iran to live up to its new commitment.
87 -
88 -Iranian breakout capability leads to Middle East instability and war.
89 -
90 -Maloney 15 (#2)
91 -Suzanne Maloney, 8-5-2015, "U.S. policy toward the Middle East after the Iranian nuclear agreement," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/testimonies/u-s-policy-toward-the-middle-east-after-the-iranian-nuclear-agreement/VR
92 -Especially in light of these assessments of likely Iranian and Israeli behavior after the nuclear
93 -AND
94 -pursue policies that could lead to untold and possibly dramatic consequences.”6
95 -
96 -Middle East war goes nuclear.
97 -
98 -Goldberg 12
99 -Jeffrey Goldberg, 1-24-2012, "How a Nuclear War Would Start in the Middle East," Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/01/how-a-nuclear-war-would-start-in-the-middle-east/251915/VR
100 -But the mullahs are also men interested in keeping hold of temporal power, and
101 -AND
102 -nuclear weapon could be delivered by sea or land, not by air.
103 -
104 -Underview
105 -
106 -Neg must defend a competitive post-fiat advocacy. Anything else means they moot the 1AC by up-layering, giving them a 13-7 time advantage that makes it impossible to affirm. My interp also preserves clash by forcing them to answer the aff, which ensures topic education. The resolution is a question of comparative worlds.
107 -
108 -NELSON 08
109 -Nelson, Adam F. 2008. Towards A Comprehensive Theory of Lincoln-Douglas Debate.
110 -And the truth-statement model of the resolution imposes an absolute burden of proof
111 -AND
112 -much smaller range of options: advocacy of the resolution as a whole.
113 -
114 -OED defines ought as “Used to indicated a desirable of expected state” Textuality is a jurisdictional issue that forms the basis of preround prep and reframes what it means to negate a statement
115 -
116 -Aff gets RVIs. Prefer because
117 -
118 -A) Time skew – the 2AR doesn’t have enough time to cover both theory and substance since the 2NR is twice as long so I have half the offense at the end of the debate – I should be able to collapse to the highest layer.
119 -
120 -B) The 1AR is too short to read theory especially if I have to cover his shell – I need an RVI for theory to be reciprocal, which is key to equal access to the ballot.
121 -
122 -The framework and paradigm for the round must conform to the aff. A change after the 1AC results in the neg dodging 6 minutes of offense. This creates a 13-7 difference in argument time and allows the neg to avoid clash with 1AC arguments, thereby harming fairness and education.
123 -
124 -Abstract questioning is useless - debate should seek to design concrete alternatives.
125 -Bryant 12 (EDITED FOR GENDERED LANGUAGE – the author said “she” and it was replaced with the word “to” – Levi Bryant is currently a Professor of Philosophy at Collin College. In addition to working as a professor, Bryant has also served as a Lacanian psychoanalyst. He received his Ph.D. from Loyola University in Chicago, Illinois, where he originally studied 'disclosedness' with the Heidegger scholar Thomas Sheehan. Bryant later changed his dissertation topic to the transcendental empiricism of Gilles Deleuze, “Critique of the Academic Left”, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/)
126 -I must be in a mood today– half irritated, half amused –because
127 -AND
128 -things contain dirty secrets, ugly motives, and are doomed to fail.
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1 -Lexington Roy Aff
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1 -Iran AC
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Cites
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1 +QI- Ableism 1AC
2 +
3 +Framing
4 +
5 +Structural violence necessitates the exclusion of certain groups—this renders ethical theories meaningless
6 +
7 +Winter and Leighton 99
8 +
9 + Winter and Leighton ‘99 Deborah DuNann Winter (Professor of Psychology Department of Psychology Whitman College) and Dana sC. Leighton (Ph.D. I teach and do research in social psychology and peace psychology.). Winter "Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century."
10 +Finally, to recognize the operation
11 +AND
12 +building lasting peace.
13 +
14 +That’s a pre-requisite to other ethical theories; even if they win that their ethical theory is the most coherent or sound, resisting structural oppression is a prior concern since it prevents individuals from participating in that moral space to begin with.
15 +
16 +Ableism operates as foundational tactic of oppression that must be resisted
17 +
18 +Siebers 09
19 +University of Michigan, Professor of Literary and Cultural Criticism ¶ (Tobin, “The Aesthetics of Human Disqualification”, Oct 28, Lecture, http://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=1andved=0CCoQFjAAandurl=http3A2F2Fdisabilities.temple.edu2Fmedia2Fds2Flecture20091028siebersAesthetics_FULL.docandei=LWz4T6jyN8bHqAHLkY2LCQandusg=AFQjCNGdkDuSJkRXMHgbXqvuyyeDpldVcQandsig2=UCGDC4tHbeh2j7-Yce9lsA, accessed 7/7/12, sl)
20 +Oppression is the systematic victimization of one group by another. It is a form
21 +AND
22 +represents at this moment in time the final frontier of justifiable human inferiority.
23 +
24 +Thus, the Role of the ballot is to endorse the strategy for resisting ableist oppression
25 +
26 +Social constructions of disability are the root cause of other forms of oppression since the drive for normalization and the desire for aesthetic coherence forms the basis of our politics—thus, the Role of the judge is to facilitate disability scholarship.
27 +
28 +Siebers 10
29 + Tobin, Professor of English at the University of Michigan, Disability Aesthetics, pg. 58-63
30 +These two episodes may seem worlds apart, their resemblance superficial. The first turns
31 +AND
32 +kids that do weird things. (Cited by Fine and Asch 48)
33 +
34 +Offense
35 +
36 +Plan Text: The United States federal government should overturn San Francisco v Sheehan and rule that police officers found to have violated the Americans with Disabilities act (or ADA) should be denied qualified immunity.
37 +
38 +Contention 1- Accountability
39 +
40 +The court’s decision in San Fransico v. Sheehan ruled that officer’s actions need not comply with the ADA to be granted qualified immunity
41 +
42 +SCOTUS 15
43 + SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. Syllabus CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, ET AL. v. SHEEHAN CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT. No. 13–1412. Argued March 23, 2015—Decided May 18, 2015 201. RW
44 +Respondent Sheehan lived in a group home for individuals with mental illness. After Sheehan
45 +AND
46 +ill person who has been acting irrationally and has threatened anyone who enters.
47 +
48 +That makes legal recourse for disabled people impossible, weakens ADA protections and justifies police atrocities—training doesn’t solve
49 +
50 +Çevik 15
51 + Mrs. Kerima Çevik is curently a blogger for disabilty rights, autistic inclusion, accommodation, communication rights, and representation. A parent activist, editor and contributing writer who consults on Autism and Ethnicity, she blogs on topics of critical race, intersectionality, autism and social justice. An independent researcher, she focuses on shining a light on disparities in qualify of life for marginalized intersected disabled populations and their families through grassroots community building activities and pay it forward activism models. She is a married mother of two children, and world traveler currently homeschooling her adventurous son Mustafa, who is intensely Autistic and nonspeaking.. Standing at the intersectino of adolescence, race, and disability. The Autism Wars. June 9, 2015. http://theautismwars.blogspot.com/2015/06/standing-at-intersection-of-adolescence.html. RW
52 +When I realized that roughly 70 of people with disabilities encountered law enforcement more
53 +AND
54 +no one will ever answer for the innocent lives taken that day either.
55 +
56 +Qualified immunity as a defense legitimizes ableist stigmas and enables police killings—that’s a state-sanctioned form of structural violence that normalize genocidal practices—accountability is at the heart of this problem
57 +
58 +Mack 16
59 + Tracy Mack. January 6, 2016. International Socialists. Legitmizing police violence: Sanism, ableism, and racism. http://www.socialist.ca/node/2978. RW
60 +Even when damning evidence exists against Toronto police officers, they have not been held
61 +AND
62 +legitimized practice of the state and of the social order that authorizes it.
63 +
64 +Plan solves—Overturning San Fransisco v. Sheehan is key to stop ableist police violence by holding police accountable for their actions—it also enables more effective policing
65 +
66 +Perry 15
67 + David M. Perry. Aljazeera America. A chance to reduce police killings of the disabled. March 23, 2015. http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2015/3/a-chance-to-reduce-police-killings-of-the-disabled.html. RW
68 +Twenty-five years after the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA
69 +AND
70 +officers did not reasonably accommodate her disability. Furthermore, her attorneys argue that
71 +
72 +Threat of litigation specifically in ADA cases incentivizes better policing and catalyzes reform necessary for inclusion
73 +
74 +Auner 16
75 + Thomas J. Auner. “For the Protection of Society's Most Vulnerable, the ADA Should Apply to Arrests." Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 49.1 (2016). RW
76 +When courts deem the ADA applicable to specific situations, public and private entities typically
77 +AND
78 +but more importantly, will tangibly improve the safety of the mentally ill.
79 +
80 +ADA lawsuits are a crucial check on state power—reforming qualified immunity is a good first step to transform the criminal justice landscape to better suit the needs of disabled people
81 +
82 +Perry 2
83 + David M. Perry. Aljazeera America. A chance to reduce police killings of the disabled. March 23, 2015. http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2015/3/a-chance-to-reduce-police-killings-of-the-disabled.html. RW
84 +tthe violation of the ADA should exempts the officers from qualified immunity,
85 +AND
86 +need legal reform to convince law enforcement of that on a national level.
87 +
88 +Qualified immunity blocks larger social movements by fragmenting systemic problems into individual cases—the aff is key
89 +
90 +Hassel 99
91 + Hassel, Diana. "Living a Lie: The cost of Qualified Immunity" Winter 1999. Volume 64. Missouri law Review. Available at: http://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/mlr/vol64/iss1/9 NB
92 +The problem with qualified immunity is not so much that the outcomes are sometimes unfair
93 +AND
94 +us peace, but it keeps from us the tools required for reform.
95 +
96 +Contention 2- Competence
97 +
98 +Qualified immunity cases are decided based on a standard of “reasonable competence”—letting good officers off the hook and punishing the incompetent ones
99 +
100 +Blum 13
101 + Karen M. Blum. Suffolk University Law School. February 1, 2013. Qualified immunity: Update on absolute immunity. http://www.njd.uscourts.gov/sites/njd/files/Section1983QualifiedImmunity.pdf. RW
102 +Messerschmidt v. Millender, 132 S. Ct. 1235, 1244-51
103 +AND
104 +not entitled to the shield of immunity, even after Van de Kamp.”).
105 +
106 +The law enforcement and justice system’s perpetuation of competent/incompetent binaries institutionalize ableist violence and marginalization—rejecting them is a key form of resistance
107 +
108 +Brown 13
109 + Lydia X.Z. Brown. Organizer, Editor, Writer, Speaker. Interrogation of competency in the mentally disabled subject. May 25, 2013. http://www.autistichoya.com/2013/05/interrogating-competency-in-mentally.html. RW
110 +Those of us who live with psychiatric, developmental, and neurological disabilities know intimately
111 +AND
112 +those are only the natural consequences of such and systemic ableism.
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1 +2016-12-03 23:57:48.0
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1 +Davis-Marks, Isis
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1 +Lexington Roy Aff
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1 +nd - 1AC - Ableism
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1 +Princeton
Caselist.CitesClass[3]
Cites
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1 +Iran Full Ban 1AC
2 +
3 +Framing
4 +
5 +Non ideal theory good
6 +
7 +Mills 05
8 +Charles W. Mills, “Ideal Theory” as Ideology, 2005
9 +I suggest that this spontaneous reaction, far from being philosophically naïve or jejune
10 +AND
11 +that the ideal-as-idealized-model will never be achieved.
12 +
13 +Pain provides an objective for why oppression is bad. Thus the standard is maximizing expected well-being.
14 +
15 +Gray 09
16 +Gray, James W. "An Argument for Moral Realism." Ethical Realism. N.p., 07 Oct. 2009. Web. 04 Sept. 2015. https://ethicalrealism.wordpress.com/2009/10/07/an-argument-for-moral-realism/. MA in philosophy from San Jose State University (2008)
17 +If we have evidence that anything in particular has intrinsic value, then we also
18 +AND
19 +attempt to show that the alternatives are less justified in the next section.
20 +
21 +Extinction scenarios are key to genuine resistance to power- the state is inevitable but images of apocalypse are a useful tool for resisting dominant power structures.
22 +
23 +Schatz 12
24 +JL, Binghamton U, "The Importance of Apocalypse: The Value of End-­‐Of-­‐ The-­‐World Politics While Advancing Ecocriticism," The Journal of Ecocriticism: Vol 4, No 2 (2012) KB
25 +Any hesitancy to deploy images of apocalypse out of the risk of acting in a
26 +AND
27 +where multitudes, and not governments, guide the fate of the planet.
28 +
29 +Humanity has a right to exist— anything else excludes infinite future generations which outweighs their impacts on scope- the 1AC’s discussion is uniquely important
30 +
31 +Cerutti 14
32 +Furio, Professor of Political Philosophy emeritus at the University of Florence and Adjunct Professor at the Scuola superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa. In the last fifteen years, Cerutti has been aVisiting Professor at Harvard, the Universit´e de Paris 8, the Humboldt Universit ¨at zu Berlin, the London School of Economics and Political Science,(China Foreign Affairs University), Beijing, and Stanford University in Florence. Beyond the publications quoted in this article, Cerutti has written widely on the political identity of the Europeans and the legitimacy of the European Union (last publication: Debating Political Identity and Legitimacy in the European Union, ed. with S. Lucarelli and V. Schmidt, Routledge: London 2011), “Humankind’s First Fundamental Right: Survival,” Constellations, 2014
33 +I have explained elsewhere9 why survival rather than justice is the leading category of a
34 +AND
35 +everybody, not just to the practitioners of academic philosophy Schulphilosophie.
36 +
37 +Plan
38 +
39 +Plan Text: Resolved- The federal government of the Islamic Republic of Iran ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power
40 +
41 +That causes shift to renewables and solves regional stability—current nuclear program is comparatively worse than alternatives.
42 +
43 +Lovins 15 (#1)
44 +Amory B. Lovins- an American physicist, environmental scientist, writer, and Chairman/Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute. He has worked in the field of energy policy and related areas for four decades. 27 August 2015, updated 29 September 2015. Iran’s Invisible Opportunity for Energy and Security: Modern energy investments could sideline nuclear ambiguity. RW.
45 +The tense standoff and emerging potential shift in America’s vexed relationship with Iran creates a
46 +AND
47 +To explore this thesis, we need to start with a little history.
48 +
49 +The current nuclear program is weak and unreliable.
50 +
51 +Lovins 15 (#2)
52 +Amory B. Lovins- an American physicist, environmental scientist, writer, and Chairman/Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute. He has worked in the field of energy policy and related areas for four decades. 27 August 2015, updated 29 September 2015. Iran’s Invisible Opportunity for Energy and Security: Modern energy investments could sideline nuclear ambiguity. RW.
53 +Amory B. Lovins- an American physicist, environmental scientist, writer, and Chairman/Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute. He has worked in the field of energy policy and related areas for four decades. 27 August 2015, updated 29 September 2015. Iran’s Invisible Opportunity for Energy and Security: Modern energy investments could sideline nuclear ambiguity. VR
54 +In striking contrast
55 +AND
56 + were cheaply done abroad.
57 +
58 +Adv 1: Middle East Proliferation
59 +
60 +Squo
61 +
62 +Iran is dangerously close to building a nuclear bomb in the status quo.
63 +
64 +Rubin 16
65 +Jennifer Rubin, Writer for Washington Post 7-19-2015, "By 2016, Iran could be back building a nuke," https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/wp/2015/07/19/by-2016-iran-could-be-back-building-a-nuke/?utm_term=.2df33f746c82
66 +To repeat: What was supposed to be a phased withdrawal of the sanctions so
67 +AND
68 +This is only one reason the deal must be thwarted before it begins.
69 +
70 +The plan solves because a complete halt of nuclear power is key to preventing nuclear weapons capability.
71 +
72 +Lovins 15 (#3)
73 +Amory B. Lovins, 1-17-2010, “Proliferation, oil, and climate: solving for pattern,” FOREIGN POLICY, http://www.rmi.org/Knowledge-Center/Library/2010-02_ProliferationOilClimatePatternVR
74 +We can have proliferation with nuclear power, via either end of any fuel cycle
75 +AND
76 +nuclear power is both a necessary and a nearly sufficient condition for nonproliferation.
77 +
78 +Impacts
79 +
80 +The Iranian nuclear program causes Middle East nuke weapon proliferation – regardless of whether the bomb exists.
81 +
82 +Maloney 15 (#1)
83 +Suzanne Maloney, 8-5-2015, "U.S. policy toward the Middle East after the Iranian nuclear agreement," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/testimonies/u-s-policy-toward-the-middle-east-after-the-iranian-nuclear-agreement/VR
84 +That said, the Saudis may react in other ways. First, we should
85 +AND
86 +if they do not force Iran to live up to its new commitment.
87 +
88 +Iranian breakout capability leads to Middle East instability and war.
89 +
90 +Maloney 15 (#2)
91 +Suzanne Maloney, 8-5-2015, "U.S. policy toward the Middle East after the Iranian nuclear agreement," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/testimonies/u-s-policy-toward-the-middle-east-after-the-iranian-nuclear-agreement/VR
92 +Especially in light of these assessments of likely Iranian and Israeli behavior after the nuclear
93 +AND
94 +pursue policies that could lead to untold and possibly dramatic consequences.”6
95 +
96 +Middle East war goes nuclear.
97 +
98 +Goldberg 12
99 +Jeffrey Goldberg, 1-24-2012, "How a Nuclear War Would Start in the Middle East," Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/01/how-a-nuclear-war-would-start-in-the-middle-east/251915/VR
100 +But the mullahs are also men interested in keeping hold of temporal power, and
101 +AND
102 +nuclear weapon could be delivered by sea or land, not by air.
103 +
104 +Underview
105 +
106 +Neg must defend a competitive post-fiat advocacy. Anything else means they moot the 1AC by up-layering, giving them a 13-7 time advantage that makes it impossible to affirm. My interp also preserves clash by forcing them to answer the aff, which ensures topic education. The resolution is a question of comparative worlds.
107 +
108 +NELSON 08
109 +Nelson, Adam F. 2008. Towards A Comprehensive Theory of Lincoln-Douglas Debate.
110 +And the truth-statement model of the resolution imposes an absolute burden of proof
111 +AND
112 +much smaller range of options: advocacy of the resolution as a whole.
113 +
114 +OED defines ought as “Used to indicated a desirable of expected state” Textuality is a jurisdictional issue that forms the basis of preround prep and reframes what it means to negate a statement
115 +
116 +Aff gets RVIs. Prefer because
117 +
118 +A) Time skew – the 2AR doesn’t have enough time to cover both theory and substance since the 2NR is twice as long so I have half the offense at the end of the debate – I should be able to collapse to the highest layer.
119 +
120 +B) The 1AR is too short to read theory especially if I have to cover his shell – I need an RVI for theory to be reciprocal, which is key to equal access to the ballot.
121 +
122 +The framework and paradigm for the round must conform to the aff. A change after the 1AC results in the neg dodging 6 minutes of offense. This creates a 13-7 difference in argument time and allows the neg to avoid clash with 1AC arguments, thereby harming fairness and education.
123 +
124 +Abstract questioning is useless - debate should seek to design concrete alternatives.
125 +Bryant 12 (EDITED FOR GENDERED LANGUAGE – the author said “she” and it was replaced with the word “to” – Levi Bryant is currently a Professor of Philosophy at Collin College. In addition to working as a professor, Bryant has also served as a Lacanian psychoanalyst. He received his Ph.D. from Loyola University in Chicago, Illinois, where he originally studied 'disclosedness' with the Heidegger scholar Thomas Sheehan. Bryant later changed his dissertation topic to the transcendental empiricism of Gilles Deleuze, “Critique of the Academic Left”, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/)
126 +I must be in a mood today– half irritated, half amused –because
127 +AND
128 +things contain dirty secrets, ugly motives, and are doomed to fail.
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1 +2017-02-17 23:43:52.0
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1 +Any
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1 +1
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1 +Lexington Roy Aff
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1 +SO - Iran AC
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1 +Byram
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1 +2
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1 +2016-12-03 23:57:46.0
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1 +Davis-Marks, Isis
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1 +Byram LG
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1 +2
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1 +Princeton
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