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+====Interpretation: The affirmative burden must defend the consequentialist effects of a post-fiat topical policy option. To clarify, the negative must prove that the aff isn’t consequentially desirable- they can read any burden, they have to allow us to contest whether or not QI meets their burden, and whether or not their burden is true. The aff may not say that it’s sufficient to affirm if they recognize injustice. ==== |
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+====OED defines ought as "Used to indicated a desirable or expected state" hijacks what it means to negate a statement- grammar context proves ==== |
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+====Qualified immunity doesn’t exist independent of empirical legislative decisions and police officer conduct – empirical focus key==== |
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+TLR 4 **2004 Texas Law Review "NOTE: The Paradox Of Qualified Immunity: How A Mechanical Application Of The Objective Legal Reasonableness** |
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+Damage suits against government officials raise a number of competing interests. On the one |
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+AND |
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+qualified immunity was designed to protect government officials only in limited situations. 8 |
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+====1. Reciprocity. ==== |
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+====2. Topic Lit. Literature analysis proves topic is about consequentialist effects==== |
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+Armstrong 04 **Armstrong, Melissa. Professor of Law and Columbia University "Rule pragmatism: Theory and application to qualified immunity analysis." Colum. JL and Soc. Probs. 38 (2004): 107. www.columbia.edu/cu/jlsp/pdf/Fall202004/Armstrong381-A.pdf** |
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+Section 1983 of Title 42 of the U.S. Code30 provides a remedy |
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+AND |
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+they exclude so the judge doesn’t have jurisdiction to vote on a nontopical aff |