Changes for page Lexington Balachundhar Aff
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,86 @@ 1 +=1AC= 2 + 3 + 4 +===Framing=== 5 + 6 + 7 +====1. Debate should deal with questions of real-world consequences—ideal theories ignore the concrete nature of the world and legitimize oppression.==== 8 +Curry 14** ~~Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14, "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century", Victory Briefs, 2014, BE~~** 9 +Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real 10 +AND 11 +used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters. 12 + 13 +Our different upbringings as children bias us to value different things, objective moral standards do not exist, instead we must be pluralist. ==== 14 +**we should recognize the plurality of view for other people. Objective standards don’t exist and you shouldn't be able to perpetuate one notion of identity. ** 15 +**Causal forces takes out ideal theory because you must be informed of the empirical of ** 16 +**AND** 17 +relations (of. May, 1987, pp. 22-23). 18 + 19 + 20 +====4. Global justice requires a reduction in inequality and a focus on material rights.==== 21 +**Okereke 07** ~~Chukwumerije Okereke (Senior Research Associate at the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia). Global Justice and Neoliberal Environmental Governance. Routledge 2007~~ 22 +Notwithstanding these drawbacks, these scholars provide very compelling arguments against mainstream conceptions of justice 23 +AND 24 +satisfy their aspirations for a better life. (WCED 1987: 43). 25 + 26 + 27 +===Offense=== 28 + 29 + 30 +====Police violence is common and enforcement atomizes individuals who are people of color, differently abled, and minorities - civil liability reform is the first step==== 31 +Stefan 16** ~~De Stefan, Lindsey, (J.D. Candidate, Seton Hall Universtiy School of Law; B.A. Ramapo College of New Jersey. ""No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student'scholarship/850 ~~ NB** 32 +In recent months, it has been impossible to ignore the overwhelming presence of police 33 +AND 34 +liability enjoyed by law enforcement officers alleged to have violated individual constitutional rights. 35 + 36 + 37 +====Judges allow the police to get away with anything- people are deterred from filing lawsuits ==== 38 +Pattis 16 ~~bracketed for ableist rhetoric~~ **Pattis, Norm. Management, Elite. "Norman Pattis Blog". Norm Pattis Blog. N. p., 2016. Web. 25 Oct. 2016.KB** 39 +I get many calls each week from people who believe they have been abused by 40 +AND 41 +accomplices in a police state; most of them don't even realize it. 42 + 43 + 44 +====Qualified immunity requires clear precedent and favors officers- that allows judges to avoid setting new rights==== 45 +Carbado 16 **~~Drew Carbado (Honorable Harry Pregerson Professor of Law, UCLA), "Blue-on-Black Violence: A Provisional Model of Some of the Causes," Georgetown Law Journal Vo. 104, 2016.~~ ** 46 +Qualified Immunity: Perhaps a more fundamental barrier to holding police officers ac- countable 47 +AND 48 +a significant doctrinal hurdle to holding police officers accountable for acts of violence. 49 + 50 + 51 +====We affirm the resolution- the United States ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers==== 52 + 53 + 54 +====Affirming prevents police officers from doing bad things. ==== 55 + 56 + 57 +====1. Precedent and Cooperation- litigation establishes clear precedents for the future and fosters trust in the community ==== 58 +Stefan 16** ~~De Stefan, Lindsey, (J.D. Candidate, Seton Hall Universtiy School of Law; B.A. Ramapo College of New Jersey. ""No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student'scholarship/850 ~~ NB** 59 +Altering the qualified immunity doctrine is an excellent way to begin the path to restoring 60 +AND 61 +immediate way to rebuild trust and begin healing the citizen-police relationship. 62 + 63 + 64 +====2. Department Analysis- even if civilians don't win compensation- lawsuits create reform and police know their behavior will be watched==== 65 +Schwartz 11 **~~Schwartz, Joanna C. "What Police Learn from Lawsuits." Cardozo L. Rev. 33 (2011): 841. Joanna Schwartz is a Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law. She teaches Civil Procedure, the Civil Rights Litigation Clinic~~ KB** 66 +Lawsuits are widely recognized to compensate and deter; this Article shows suits can also 67 +AND 68 +to create multiple, new, and even redundant sources of information."253 69 + 70 + 71 +====3. Accountability- Internal concessions from cop polls prove litigation only chills bad policing but incentivizes good policing ==== 72 +Ferdik 13 **~~Ferdik, Frank V. "Perception is Reality: A Qualitative Approach to Understanding Police Officer View on Civil Liability" COGINTA. For Police Reforms and Community Safety. Working Paper No. 49. Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of armed forces. Joint IPES, Coginta, and DCAF, Wroking Paper Series in a on open forum for the global community of police experts, researchers, and practioners provided by the International Police exeecrutive Symposium. Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. University of South Carolina.August 2013~~ NB** 73 +It appears that civil litigation may also be a concern for police administrators. For 74 +AND 75 +of Study- Evaluates a large quantity of police chiefs and various departments- 76 + 77 + 78 +====Indemnification doesn't deter officers- they still worry about negative relations, and it’s the only way to compensate plaintiffs.==== 79 +Schwartz 14 **~~Schwartz, Joanna C. "Police Indemnification" Assistant Professor of Law, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Law. New York University Law Review. 2014~~ NB** 80 +Others will argue that, despite indemnification, police officers are still in danger of 81 +AND 82 +pays settle- ments and judgments against officers out of a general fund. 83 +====Observations:==== 84 + 85 + 86 +====The negative must defenda world where they only allow qualified immunity because the resolution asks whether or not qualified immunity is good or bad. ==== - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,109 @@ 1 +===Framing=== 2 + 3 + 4 +====Black lives matter isn’t futurism – state based movements build coalitions necessary to revalue black agency.==== 5 +Bailey 15 **~~Bailey, Julius, and David J. Leonard. "Black Lives Matter: Post-Nihilistic Freedom Dreams." Journal of Contemporary Rhetoric 5.3/4 (2015): 67-77~~.KB** 6 +Three simple words: Black- Lives- Matter. These words have come to 7 +AND 8 +demand for an alternative to the present racial configuration in the United States. 9 + 10 + 11 +====The role of the ballot is to embrace the politics of black lives matter to resolve material conditions of antiblackness. Academia is at the brink- only interrogation through education interjects meaningful challenges against systems of power.==== 12 +Quick 6-21 **~~Kimberly Quick (The Century Foundation. Policy Associate), 6-21-2016, "Why Black Lives Matter in Education, Too," Century Foundation, https://tcf.org/content/commentary/black-lives-matter-education/~~ NB** 13 +Last month, the New Schools Venture Fund Summit in San Francisco—an invitation 14 +AND 15 +whatever reasons, some conservatives still seem to shy away from the concept. 16 + 17 +====Causal processes predispose us to certain modes of thought, instead we must use particular realities to deconstruct oppression ==== 18 +**we should recognize the plurality of view for other people. Objective standards don’t exist and you shouldn't be able to perpetuate one notion of identity. ** 19 +**Causal forces takes out ideal theory because you must be informed of the empirical of ** 20 +**AND** 21 +relations (of. May, 1987, pp. 22-23). 22 + 23 + 24 +===Offense=== 25 + 26 + 27 +====Police violence is common and enforcement atomizes individuals who are people of color, differently abled, and minorities - civil liability reform is the first step==== 28 +Stefan 16** ~~De Stefan, Lindsey, (J.D. Candidate, Seton Hall Universtiy School of Law; B.A. Ramapo College of New Jersey. ""No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student'scholarship/850 ~~ NB** 29 +In recent months, it has been impossible to ignore the overwhelming presence of police 30 +AND 31 +liability enjoyed by law enforcement officers alleged to have violated individual constitutional rights. 32 + 33 + 34 +====Judges allow the police to get away with anything- people are deterred from filing lawsuits ==== 35 +Pattis 16 ~~bracketed for ableist rhetoric~~ **Pattis, Norm. Management, Elite. "Norman Pattis Blog". Norm Pattis Blog. N. p., 2016. Web. 25 Oct. 2016.KB** 36 +I get many calls each week from people who believe they have been abused by 37 +AND 38 +accomplices in a police state; most of them don't even realize it. 39 + 40 + 41 +====Qualified immunity requires clear precedent and favors officers- that allows judges to avoid setting new rights==== 42 +Carbado 16 **~~Drew Carbado (Honorable Harry Pregerson Professor of Law, UCLA), "Blue-on-Black Violence: A Provisional Model of Some of the Causes," Georgetown Law Journal Vo. 104, 2016.~~ ** 43 +Qualified Immunity: Perhaps a more fundamental barrier to holding police officers ac- countable 44 +AND 45 +a significant doctrinal hurdle to holding police officers accountable for acts of violence. 46 + 47 + 48 +====Thus, the plan: Resolved- The United States Federal Government should limit qualified immunity for police officers to zero through strict liability. This ensures litigation against harm regardless of police intent. ==== 49 +Answers departments turns case bc 1. Policing is shitty rn so theres no uniqueness to a marginal increase so try or die for the aff to improve policing 2. Police wouldn’t arrest frivolously bc frivolous arrests bring litigation in a feedback cycle, only good arrests will be pursued to avoid shit, insurers will get pissed so indemnity doesn’t take this out 50 +Effectively is the best method to rid of qualified immunity because we don't give officers 51 +AND 52 +objectively enforced, and violations of which result in victims pushing for enforcement. 53 + 54 + 55 +====Plan Solves- multiple warrants==== 56 + 57 + 58 +====1. Precedent and Cooperation- litigation establishes clear precedents for the future and fosters trust in the community ==== 59 +Stefan 16** ~~De Stefan, Lindsey, (J.D. Candidate, Seton Hall Universtiy School of Law; B.A. Ramapo College of New Jersey. ""No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student'scholarship/850 ~~ NB** 60 +Altering the qualified immunity doctrine is an excellent way to begin the path to restoring 61 +AND 62 +immediate way to rebuild trust and begin healing the citizen-police relationship. 63 + 64 + 65 +====2. Department Analysis- even if civilians don't win compensation- lawsuits create reform and police know their behavior will be watched==== 66 +Schwartz 11 **~~Schwartz, Joanna C. "What Police Learn from Lawsuits." Cardozo L. Rev. 33 (2011): 841. Joanna Schwartz is a Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law. She teaches Civil Procedure, the Civil Rights Litigation Clinic~~ KB** 67 +Lawsuits are widely recognized to compensate and deter; this Article shows suits can also 68 +AND 69 +to create multiple, new, and even redundant sources of information."253 70 + 71 + 72 +====3. Accountability- Internal concessions from cop polls prove litigation only chills bad policing but incentivizes good policing ==== 73 +Ferdik 13 **~~Ferdik, Frank V. "Perception is Reality: A Qualitative Approach to Understanding Police Officer View on Civil Liability" COGINTA. For Police Reforms and Community Safety. Working Paper No. 49. Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of armed forces. Joint IPES, Coginta, and DCAF, Wroking Paper Series in a on open forum for the global community of police experts, researchers, and practioners provided by the International Police exeecrutive Symposium. Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. University of South Carolina.August 2013~~ NB** 74 +It appears that civil litigation may also be a concern for police administrators. For 75 +AND 76 +of Study- Evaluates a large quantity of police chiefs and various departments- 77 + 78 + 79 +====Indemnification doesn't deter officers- they still worry about negative relations, and it’s the only way to compensate plaintiffs.==== 80 +Schwartz 14 **~~Schwartz, Joanna C. "Police Indemnification" Assistant Professor of Law, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Law. New York University Law Review. 2014~~ NB** 81 +Others will argue that, despite indemnification, police officers are still in danger of 82 +AND 83 +pays settle- ments and judgments against officers out of a general fund. 84 + 85 + 86 +====Independently, qualified immunity masks other methods of the CJS that maintain racial violence. ==== 87 +Hassel 99** ~~Hassel, Diana. "Living a Lie: The cost of Qualified Immunity" Winter 1999. Volume 64. Missouri law Review. Available at: http://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/mlr/vol64/iss1/9 ~~ NB** 88 +The problem with qualified immunity is not so much that the outcomes are sometimes unfair 89 +AND 90 +us peace, but it keeps from us the tools required for reform. 91 + 92 + 93 +===Underview- State=== 94 + 95 + 96 + 97 + 98 +====1. Descriptive governmentality fails to understand the political as constructed- it can be reversed==== 99 +Zanotti 13 **~~Laura, associate professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech., Ph.D. from the University of Washington in 2008 and joined the Purdue University faculty in 2009. "Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World", originally published online 30 December 2013, DOI: 10.1177/0304375413512098, P. Sage Publications~~ KB** 100 +While there are important variations in the way international relations scholars use governmentality theory, 101 +AND 102 +where they are made rather than based upon their universal normative aspirations.13 103 + 104 + 105 +====2. Debating and researching government policy does not entrench a universal subject, but refusal on those grounds ironically does==== 106 +Zanotti 13 **— Laura Zanotti, Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech, holds a Ph.D. in International Relations from Florida International University, 2013 ("Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World," Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Volume 38, Issue 4, November, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via SAGE Publications Online, p. 289-290)** 107 +Unlike positions that adopt governmentality as a descriptive tool and end up embracing the liberal 108 +AND 109 +position leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism.’’84 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,6 @@ 1 +====Apocalyptic rhetoric produces psychic numbing which ensures biopolitics and —vote aff to reject bad scholarship while voting neg doesn’t prevent an inevitable extinction==== 2 +**Chernus 14** 3 +Ira Chernus, a TomDispatch regular, is professor of religious studies at the University of Colorado Boulder and author of the online "MythicAmerica: Essays." He blogs at MythicAmerica.us; "Apocalypses Everywhere Is There Any Hope in an Era Filled with Gloom and Doom?"; February 25, 2014; http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/175811/tomgram3A'ira'chernus2C'what'ever'happened'to'plain'old'apocalypse/ 4 +Yes, the A-word is now everywhere, and most of the time 5 +AND 6 +apocalypses everywhere: abandon all hope, ye who live here and now. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,76 @@ 1 +===Framing=== 2 + 3 + 4 +====Neoliberalism has infilitrated the academy.It has sacrificed the academy and higher education as a site for knowledge production and critical dialogue. Objectviity is a lie- ethical standpoints have been constructed by neoliberalism and hides true inequality. The role of the ballot is to fight neoliberalism through post-fiat consequences of governmental policy==== 5 +Giroux 13 **~~Henry A. Giroux (McMaster Univeristy Professor for Scholarship in Public Interest and the Paulo Freire Distingusiehd Scholar in Critical Pedagogy", 10-29-2013, "Henry A. Giroux," Truthout, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/19654-public-intellectuals-against-the-neoliberal-university~~ NB** 6 +And while Lourde refers to poetry here, I think a strong case can be 7 +AND 8 +the economic Darwinism and civic corruption at the heart of a debased politics. 9 + 10 + 11 +====Modern oppression and institutionalized violence are a result of political ignorance, isolationism, and egoism that makes minorities disposable==== 12 +Giroux 13** ~~Giroux, Henry. "Violence Is Deeply Rooted in American Culture:." Leolienne. N.p., 13 Jan. 2013. Web. http://www.leolienne.com/bamablog/index.php/categories/28-learning/essatorials/1158-henry-giroux-violence-deeply-routed-in-american-culture.~~ KB access 12/1/15** 13 +In the US there is an institutionalized regime of neoliberal violence directed against low income 14 +AND 15 +actions, and politics is removed from the promise of a substantive democracy. 16 + 17 + 18 +====Education is increasingly driven by neoliberal forces – student activism is key to retake the political sphere.==== 19 +Williams 15 **~~Jo Williams (Lecturer, College of Education at Victoria University), "Remaking education from below: the Chilean student movement as public pedagogy," Australian Journal of Adult Learning, November 2015~~ ** 20 +More than ever the crisis of schooling represents, at large, the crisis of 21 +AND 22 +and a return of the student and pedagogue as authentic and critical subjects. 23 + 24 + 25 +===UQ/Inherency=== 26 + 27 + 28 +====Universities currently restrict free speech- that stifles protests and key intellectual discussion necessary for progressivism==== 29 +Maloney 16 **~~Cliff Maloney, Jr., Oct 13, 2016, "Colleges Have No Right to Limit Students' Free Speech," TIME, http://time.com/4530197/college-free-speech-zone/~~ NB** 30 +In grade school, I learned that debate is defined as "a discussion between 31 +AND 32 +of ideas. Restrictive campus speech codes are, in fact, regressive. 33 + 34 + 35 +====The alt right is already energized in the status quo- students already engage in harmful dialogue. ==== 36 +Harkinson 12-6 **~~Harkinson, Josh. "The Push to Enlist ‘Alt-Right’ Recruits on College Campuses. Dec 6, 2016. http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/12/richard-spencer-alt-right-college-activism. ~~** 37 +How much support is there for the loose-knit coalition of white nationalists and 38 +AND 39 +and fascism, including Nazism in Germany (and in the United States). 40 + 41 + 42 +====The state seeks contains protestors and geopolitically isolates protest from politics- the impact is the destruction of alternate futures==== 43 +**Elmer and Opel 08 ~~Greg- Director of the Infoscape research lab and Bell Globemedia Research Chair @ Ryerson University, and Andy, associate professor Dept. of Communication @ Florida State University, Preempting Dissent: The Politics of an Inevitable Future, p. 30-31 , GAL~~** 44 +This chapter argues that in the shadow of 9/11, the war in 45 +AND 46 +spaces, metaphorically separating the political mainstream from so-called marginal voices. 47 + 48 + 49 +===Solvency=== 50 + 51 + 52 +====Protests have been essential to deconstruct facets of the neoliberal university- multiple empirics prove==== 53 +Delgado 15 **~~Delgado, Sandra. "The Pedagogical Potential of Student Collective Action in the Age of the Corporate University" (Doctoral Student in curriculum studies at the university of british Columbia). Department of Curriculum and Pedagogy. University of British Columbia. 2015~~ NB** 54 +One recent movement that has integrated classic and creative repertoires of action is the Chilean 55 +AND 56 +contribute to critical reflection, social engagement and action on specific social issues. 57 + 58 + 59 +====Counterspeech is especially effective- it bolsters campus-wide movements and mitigates the risk of dealing with censorship issues which sacrifices focus on the movement==== 60 +Calleros 95 **~~Calleros, Charles R. "Paternalism, Counterspeech, and Campus Hate-Speech Codes: A Reply to Delgado and Yun" (Professor of Law, Arizona State University). HeinOnline. Arizona State Law Journal. 1995~~ NB** 61 +Delgado and Yun summarize the support for the counterspeech argument by paraphrasing Nat Hentoff: 62 +AND 63 +it sparked counterspeech and community action that strengthened the campus support for diversity. 64 + 65 + 66 +====Student bodies are essential flashpoints to create social change- they are diverse classes that foster difference==== 67 +Delgado 15 **~~Delgado, Sandra. "The Pedagogical Potential of Student Collective Action in the Age of the Corporate University" (Doctoral Student in curriculum studies at the university of british Columbia). Department of Curriculum and Pedagogy. University of British Columbia. 2015~~ NB** 68 +During the last decade students have played a prominent role, as part of the 69 +AND 70 +and their work can be found as part of the literary genre.4 71 + 72 +====Descriptive governmentality fails to understand the political as constructed- it can be reversed==== 73 +Zanotti 13 **~~Laura, associate professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech., Ph.D. from the University of Washington in 2008 and joined the Purdue University faculty in 2009. "Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World", originally published online 30 December 2013, DOI: 10.1177/0304375413512098, P. Sage Publications~~ KB** 74 +While there are important variations in the way international relations scholars use governmentality theory, 75 +AND 76 +where they are made rather than based upon their universal normative aspirations.13 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,63 @@ 1 +===1AC- Generic=== 2 + 3 + 4 +====Colleges and universities have significantly repressed constitutionally protected speech—as political correctness defines the milieu of campuses, limits on speech have all but disappeared with the rise of Trump==== 5 +Burleigh 16** ~~Nina Burleigh (Newsweek's National Politics Correspondent. She is an award-winning journalist and the author of five books. Her last book, The Fatal Gift of Beauty: The Trials of Amanda Knox, was a New York Times bestseller. In the last several years, she has covered a wide array of subjects, from American politics to the Arab Spring). "The Battle Against ‘Hate Speech’ on College Campuses Gives Rise to a Generation that Hates Speech." Newsweek. May 26th, 2016. http://www.newsweek.com/2016/06/03/college-campus-free-speech-thought-police-463536.html~~** 6 +More than half of America’s colleges and universities now have restrictive speech codes. And 7 +AND 8 +of his words would almost certainly be prohibited speech on most college campuses. 9 + 10 + 11 +====Trump is an example of how public vulgarity has returned to the political, disintegrating the ethical substance of public life—at the same time, restrictions which mandate politically correct speech contribute to the same destruction by normalizing state violence==== 12 +Zizek 16 **~~Slavoj Zizek (cultural critic). "The Return of Public Vulgarity." Newsweek. February 12th, 2016. http://www.newsweek.com/return-public-vulgarity-425691~~** 13 +We should be under no illusions about the meaning of statements like those of Netanyahu 14 +AND 15 +at faceless institutions that regulate their lives in a nontransparent way is fully justified 16 + 17 + 18 +====This seeming paradox at the heart of speech restrictions proves the undecidability at the heart of our symbolic order—political correctness guarantees that offensiveness will appear in a worse form that is masked by benevolence—we must understand the power relations at the heart of language==== 19 +Zizek 99 **~~Slavoj Zizek. The Ticklish Subject: The Absent Centre of Political Ontology. Pgs. 332-333, 1999. Google Books.~~** 20 +In all these domains, the différend seems to be irreducible—that is to 21 +AND 22 +criterion in order to direct and posit a limitation to inherent scientific drive. 23 + 24 + 25 +====Political correctness prevents us from truly overcoming inequalities—we choose to soften our language in lieu of challenging structures—only a method of shared obscene solidarity places ourselves and the Other on equal footing==== 26 +Merelli 15 **~~Annalisa Merelli (holds a master's degree in semiotics and a bachelor's degree in mass communication from the University of Bologna). "Slavoj Žižek thinks political correctness is exactly what perpetuates prejudice and racism." Quartz. May 8th, 2015. http://qz.com/398723/slavoj-zizek-thinks-political-correctness-is-exactly-what-perpetuates-prejudice-and-racism/~~** 27 +"I’m well aware that we should not just walk around and humiliate each other 28 +AND 29 +can openly be made fun of, just as we do of ourselves. 30 + 31 + 32 +====Vote aff to affirm the obscene—Only the 1AC fosters intellectual freedom—language must be a conduit for venting our aggressiveness—censorship forces us to repress our desires, making physical violence inevitable==== 33 +Schwartz 86** ~~Joel Schwartz (University of Toronto). "Freud and Freedom of Speech." The American Political Science Review, Vol. 80, No. 4 (Dec., 1986), pp. 1227-1248. JSTOR.~~** 34 +These statements suggest that Freud defends intellectual freedom for reasons similar to some of those 35 +AND 36 +(Freud, 1916-17, lecture 9, p. 142) 37 + 38 + 39 +====I affirm that public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech. ==== 40 + 41 + 42 +====Violence is not always given rational articulation—that makes it impossible to comprehend simply through moral philosophy—only psychoanalysis enables us to understand the symbolic violence at the heart of political correctness==== 43 +Valentic 16 44 +Tonci Valentic (University of Zagreb). "Symbolic Violence and Global Capitalism." International Journal of Zizek Studies, vol. 2, no. 2. 2016. http://www.zizekstudies.org/index.php/IJZS/article/viewFile/108/108 45 +The major task of philosophical analysis of violence in contemporary world should be developing a 46 +AND 47 +only the tip of an iceberg made up of "systemic" violence. 48 + 49 + 50 +====The role of the ballot and judge is to investigate violence through psychoanalytic phenomenology—this is uniquely key to understanding political correctness and fostering meaningful dialogue==== 51 +Schwartz 16 52 +Howard Schwartz. Political Correctness and the Destruction of Social Order: Chronicling the Rise of the Pristine Self. Palgrave Macmillan, pg. 4, 2016. Google Books. 53 +The occasion for this has been what I call the rise, or the establishment 54 +AND 55 +is. It is in that spirit that we will undertake this inquiry. 56 + 57 + 58 +====Self-reflexive interrogation of the psyche is essential to ushering in new patterns of symbolization ==== 59 +Moon 13 60 +Davis S. Moon. "Autonomy and alienated subjectivity: A re-reading of Castoriadis, through Zizek." Subjectivity, 6 (4). pp. 424-244. 2013. http://opus.bath.ac.uk/36738/1/AaAS'Subjectivities'R'R'FINAL'DSM.pdf 61 +Alienation and Autonomy: Prerequisite, not Obstacle The key issue here is the psyche 62 +AND 63 +through Žižek as advocated here produces a new composite purer for being tainted. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,106 @@ 1 +===Adv=== 2 + 3 + 4 +====Restrictions on campus speech undermine the free exchange of ideas—that kills economic growth and competitiveness==== 5 +Millsap 16 **~~Adam Millsap (research fellow for the State and Local Policy Project with the Mercatus Center at George Mason University). "Free Speech Is Good for the Economy." U.S. News and World Report. May 23rd, 2016. http://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2016-05-23/free-speech-is-good-for-the-economy~~** 6 +Commencement season is now underway, and President Barack Obama recently had the honor of 7 +AND 8 +the long-term costs of stifling speech are larger than commonly recognized. 9 + 10 + 11 +====The US is key to the global economy for the foreseeable future- but their on the brink of decrease now==== 12 +High 12/5 **~~(Peter. Reporter on Innovative ideas in the world of information technology) Forbes . He is in an interview with Peter Zeihan (Geopolitical Strategist Peter Zeihan is a global energy, demographic and security expert, and the author of The Accidental Superpower: The Next Generation of American Preeminence and the Coming Global Disorder. He is an advisor to the US State Department and to the Washington, DC think tank community. In his book, he notes that the reassertion of geopolitics as the rule by which the world operates; global demographic inversions; and shale energy will all lead to a period of U.S. domination across the next half century and possibly beyond. I recently spoke with Zeihan, and our conversation covered these changes, the U.S.’s changing role in global security and trade; the sectors that will be changed most, countries that are the best targets for trade by the United States, as well as a variety of other topics) "Reasons Why The US Will Dominate The World Economy For The Foreseeable Future" Dec 5, 2016. http://www.forbes.com/sites/peterhigh/2016/12/05/reasons-why-the-us-will-dominate-the-world-economy-for-the-foreseeable-future/~~#63cf66623841. ~~ NB** 13 +Peter High: In your book, The Accidental Superpower, you talked about how 14 +AND 15 +energy-independent, but the United States itself might be very close. 16 + 17 + 18 +====Economic decline risks a breakdown of international institutions—that causes war==== 19 +**1930s prove that prolonged global downturn has geopolitical repercussions in the US and Europe** 20 +**Brings about trade wars and competition over resources, ** 21 +**Hurts international institutions like EU and WT** 22 +**Tensions are rising now ** 23 +Kreitner 11** ** 24 +**AND** 25 +to the extent it is chugging at all, on the false security offered 26 + 27 + 28 +====That’s the most probable scenario for war ==== 29 +**Cooperation has increasily been less likely to work in multiple empirical examples i.e. 1990s, ** 30 +**Most likely to cause economic crises ** 31 +Elhefnawy 11 **~~Nader Elhefnawy (professor of English at the University of Miami, writer on IR published in peer-reviewed journals including International Security, Astropolitics, and Survival). "Twenty Years After the Cold War: A Strategic Survey," Parameters, The U.S. Army War College Quarterly. Spring 2011. http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/Articles/2011spring/Ehlefnawy.pdf~~** 32 +Relative calm has prevailed among the great powers since the demise of the Soviet Union 33 +AND 34 +to the United States’ freedom of action if such events ever do materialize. 35 + 36 + 37 +===Solvency=== 38 + 39 + 40 +====Plan Text: Resolved- Public colleges and universities in the United States should adopt policies on freedom of speech modeled on Yale University’s Woodward Report of 1974. ==== 41 + 42 + 43 +====The plan effectively restores free speech and intellectual freedom on campuses==== 44 +Kurtz 15 **~~Stanley Kurtz (graduated from Haverford College and holds a Ph.D. in social anthropology from Harvard University. He did his field work in India and taught at Harvard and the University of Chicago). "A Plan to Restore Free Speech on Campus." National Review. December 7th, 2015. http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/428122/plan-restore-free-speech-campus-stanley-kurtz~~** 45 +Many of the proposals listed below can be mandated for public universities by state legislatures 46 +AND 47 +of students on campus, represents the best hope of overcoming these obstacles. 48 + 49 + 50 +===Framework=== 51 + 52 + 53 +====The value is morality ==== 54 + 55 + 56 +====The standard is maximizing foreseen expected pleasure==== 57 + 58 + 59 +====1. Moral realism is true- pain and pleasure are only intrinsic values==== 60 +Gray 09 **~~Gray, James W. "An Argument for Moral Realism." Ethical Realism. N.p., 07 Oct. 2009. Web. 04 Sept. 2015. https://ethicalrealism.wordpress.com/2009/10/07/an-argument-for-moral-realism/. MA in philosophy from San Jose State University (2008)~~** 61 +If we have evidence that anything in particular has intrinsic value, then we also 62 +AND 63 +attempt to show that the alternatives are less justified in the next section. 64 +====2. If good is subjectively constructed- those standards collapse==== 65 +====3. Moral uncertainty means we prevent extinction ==== 66 +Bostrom 11 **—¶ (2011) Nick Bostrom, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford Martin School and Faculty of Philosophy** 67 +These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest an alternative, complementary way of looking at existential 68 +AND 69 +of value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe. 70 + 71 + 72 +====4. Physicalism is true and is side constraint on ethics==== 73 +Papineau 08,** David, "Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2009 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2009/entries/naturalism/.** 74 +In the middle of the nineteenth century the conservation of kinetic plus potential energy came 75 +AND 76 +it is hard to see how we can have any knowledge of them. 77 +====6. Sovereignty is a construct from the experiential and is fluid, authority exists as a short cut to informed utility calculus==== 78 +McSweeny 96 **BILL McSWEENEY Lectured in Sociology at the Univ of York, Head of International Peace Studies Program @ Irish School of economics, Ph.D. Trinity College Dublin B.Phil. University of York B.A. University of Essex RIS 1996 (22)** 79 + ‘We are who we choose to be’ overstates our freedom in the matter 80 +AND 81 +relevance of this argument to the concept of societal security should be clear. 82 + 83 +====8. Reductionism: personal identity doesn’t exist.==== 84 +Olson 10** ~~Eric T. (Professor of Philosophy at the University of Sheffield) "Personal Identity" Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Aug 20, 2002; substantive revision Oct 28, 2010 http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/identity-personal/~~#PsyApp~~** 85 +Whatever psychological continuity may amount to, a more serious worry for the Psychological Approach 86 +AND 87 +, you are both hungry and not hungry at once: a contradiction. 88 +====10. Determinism is true: our bodies are controlled by biological principles only – there’s no room for free will.==== 89 +Drescher 06 ~~**Gary L. (Visiting Fellow at the Center for Cognitive Studies at Tufts University, PhD in Computer Science from MIT) "Good and Real: Demystifying Paradoxes from Physics to Ethics" Bradford Books May 5th 2006~~** 90 +One prominent notion is that we have both a ghostlike component (our consciousness or 91 +AND 92 +to deviate sometimes from the same rules that such particles otherwise always obey. 93 +====Only consequentialism is consistent with determinism.==== 94 +**Greene and Cohen** Joshua Greene and Jonathan Cohen (Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Brain, Mind, and Behavior, Princeton University) "For the law, neuroscience changes nothing and everything" November 26^^th^^ 2004 Phil.Trans.R.Soc.Lond.B (2004)359,1775–1785 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1693457/pdf/15590618.pdf 95 +The forward-looking–consequentialist approach to punishment works with all three responses to 96 +AND 97 +requires compatibilism. Accordingly, the standard legal account of punishment is compatibilist. 98 + 99 + 100 +Underview 101 + 102 +====B. Debate’s strategic incentives bastardize phil debate==== 103 +Nebel et Al 13 **~~Teaching Philosophy 36:3, September 2013 271 Teaching Philosophy through Lincoln-Douglas Debate JACOB NEBEL Wolfson College, Oxford University RYAN W. DAVIS Harvard University PETER VAN ELSWYK Rutgers University BEN HOLGUIN New York University ~~** 104 +Another cause of poorly justified relativism and skepticism in LD debate comes from judge expectations 105 +AND 106 +inclined to accept a controversial philosophical view about morality for the wrong reasons. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,129 @@ 1 +=1AC= 2 + 3 +===1- Growth=== 4 + 5 +====Advantage 1 is growth==== 6 + 7 +====Restrictions on campus speech undermine the free exchange of ideas—that kills economic growth and competitiveness==== 8 +Millsap 16 **~~Adam Millsap (research fellow for the State and Local Policy Project with the Mercatus Center at George Mason University). "Free Speech Is Good for the Economy." U.S. News and World Report. May 23rd, 2016. http://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2016-05-23/free-speech-is-good-for-the-economy~~** 9 +Commencement season is now underway, and President Barack Obama recently had the honor of 10 +AND 11 +the long-term costs of stifling speech are larger than commonly recognized. 12 + 13 +====The US is key to the global economy for the foreseeable future- but their on the brink of decrease now==== 14 +High 12/5 **~~(Peter. Reporter on Innovative ideas in the world of information technology) Forbes . He is in an interview with Peter Zeihan (Geopolitical Strategist Peter Zeihan is a global energy, demographic and security expert, and the author of The Accidental Superpower: The Next Generation of American Preeminence and the Coming Global Disorder. He is an advisor to the US State Department and to the Washington, DC think tank community. In his book, he notes that the reassertion of geopolitics as the rule by which the world operates; global demographic inversions; and shale energy will all lead to a period of U.S. domination across the next half century and possibly beyond. I recently spoke with Zeihan, and our conversation covered these changes, the U.S.’s changing role in global security and trade; the sectors that will be changed most, countries that are the best targets for trade by the United States, as well as a variety of other topics) "Reasons Why The US Will Dominate The World Economy For The Foreseeable Future" Dec 5, 2016. http://www.forbes.com/sites/peterhigh/2016/12/05/reasons-why-the-us-will-dominate-the-world-economy-for-the-foreseeable-future/~~#63cf66623841. ~~ NB** 15 +Peter High: In your book, The Accidental Superpower, you talked about how 16 +AND 17 +energy-independent, but the United States itself might be very close. 18 + 19 +====Economic decline risks a breakdown of international institutions—that causes war==== 20 +Kreitner 11** ** 21 +**AND** 22 +to the extent it is chugging at all, on the false security offered 23 + 24 +====That’s the most probable scenario for war ==== 25 +Elhefnawy 11 **~~Nader Elhefnawy (professor of English at the University of Miami, writer on IR published in peer-reviewed journals including International Security, Astropolitics, and Survival). "Twenty Years After the Cold War: A Strategic Survey," Parameters, The U.S. Army War College Quarterly. Spring 2011. http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/Articles/2011spring/Ehlefnawy.pdf~~** 26 +Relative calm has prevailed among the great powers since the demise of the Soviet Union 27 +AND 28 +to the United States’ freedom of action if such events ever do materialize. 29 + 30 +====Economic collapse causes competition for resources and instability that escalates and goes nuclear ==== 31 +**- Terrorist appeals will decline, groups in 2025 will be descendants of long established groups, that become self- radicalized in the absence of economic outlets. ** 32 +**- close proximity nuclear rivals will produce inherent difficulties. ** 33 +**- less cooperation increases ** 34 +**AND** 35 +within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world. 36 + 37 +===2- NSA=== 38 + 39 +====Advantage 2 is the NSA==== 40 + 41 +====Campus censorship spills over and perpetuates serious invasions of freedom—that includes NSA surveillance==== 42 +Silverglate 13 **~~Harvey Silverglate (I practice law — criminal defense, civil liberties, and academic freedom/student rights cases. I'm a four-decade columnist and contributor to the Boston Phoenix, an alternative weekly, as well as an occasional contributor to The National Law Journal, Massachusetts Lawyers Weekly, The Wall Street Journal, The Boston Globe, and elsewhere). "Campus Censorship Breeds Societal Dysfunction." Forbes. January 16th, 2013. http://www.forbes.com/sites/harveysilverglate/2013/01/16/campus-censorship-breeds-societal-dysfunction/~~#51f21f847d1c~~** 43 +Lukianoff posits that the pervasive trend of campus censorship has had a wider effect on 44 +AND 45 +liberty—a phenomenon that translates into dysfunction in our society at large. 46 +====NSA surveillance undermines Internet security and global trust in the Internet==== 47 +Zetter 14 **~~Kim Zetter (award-winning, senior staff reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, and security). "Personal Privacy Is Only One of the Costs of NSA Surveillance." Wired. July 29th, 2014. https://www.wired.com/2014/07/the-big-costs-of-nsa-surveillance-that-no-ones-talking-about/~~** 48 +Deterioration of Cybersecurity Out of all the revelations to come to light in the past 49 +AND 50 +industry, creates real security concerns," the authors of the report note. 51 +====Destruction of the Internet causes extinction==== 52 +Eagleman 10 **~~David Eagleman (neuroscientist at Baylor College of Medicine, where he directs the Laboratory for Perception and Action and the Initiative on Neuroscience and Law and author of Sum (Canongate)). "Six ways the internet will save civilization." Wired. Nov. 9, 2010. http://www.wired.co.uk/magazine/archive/2010/12/start/apocalypse-no~~** 53 +Many great civilisations have fallen, leaving nothing but cracked ruins and scattered genetics. 54 +AND 55 +to suggest that the net may just be the technology that saves us. 56 + 57 +====NSA surveillance also kills US leadership on Internet freedom==== 58 +Zetter 14 **~~Kim Zetter (award-winning, senior staff reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, and security). "Personal Privacy Is Only One of the Costs of NSA Surveillance." Wired. July 29th, 2014. https://www.wired.com/2014/07/the-big-costs-of-nsa-surveillance-that-no-ones-talking-about/~~** 59 +Undermining U.S. Support for Internet Freedom Finally, the NSA’s spying activities 60 +AND 61 +need for their nations to have a greater role in governing the internet. 62 + 63 +====US promotion of Internet freedom is key to human rights==== 64 +Posner 11** ~~Michael Posner (assistant secretary, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor). "Internet Freedom and Human Rights: The Obama Administration’s Perspective." U.S. Department of State. July 13th, 2011. https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/rm/2011/168475.htm~~** 65 +But this is not just about technology. Secretary Clinton has put Internet freedom on 66 +AND 67 +power behind that vision of a more inclusive, peaceful and democratic world. 68 + 69 +====Promoting human rights norms solves war and nuclear proliferation==== 70 +Burke-White 4 **~~William W. Burke-White (Lecturer in Public and International Affairs and Senior Special Assistant to the Dean at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University and Ph.D. at Cambridge). "Human Rights and National Security: The Strategic Correlation." The Harvard Human Rights Journal, Spring, 17 Harv. Hum. Rts. J. 249, Lexis. 2004.~~** 71 +This Article presents a strategic—as opposed to ideological or normative—argument that 72 +AND 73 +U.S.-U.N. cooperation on human rights issues. 74 + 75 +====Prolif causes extinction==== 76 +Kroenig 15 **~~Matthew, Associate Professor and International Relations Field Chair in the Department of Government and School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University and a Senior Fellow in the Brent Scowcroft Center on International Security at The Atlantic Council, "THE HISTORY OF PROLIFERATION OPTIMISM: DOES IT HAVE A FUTURE?" http://www.npolicy.org/books/Moving'Beyond'Pretense/Ch3'Kroenig.pdf~~** 77 +WHY NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION IS A PROBLEM The spread of nuclear weapons poses a number of 78 +AND 79 +that a future Middle East crisis could result in a devastating nuclear exchange. 80 + 81 +===3- Solvency=== 82 + 83 +====Plan Text: Resolved- Public colleges and universities in the United States should adopt policies on freedom of speech modeled on Yale University’s Woodward Report of 1974. ==== 84 + 85 +====The plan effectively restores free speech and intellectual freedom on campuses==== 86 +Kurtz 15 **~~Stanley Kurtz (graduated from Haverford College and holds a Ph.D. in social anthropology from Harvard University. He did his field work in India and taught at Harvard and the University of Chicago). "A Plan to Restore Free Speech on Campus." National Review. December 7th, 2015. http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/428122/plan-restore-free-speech-campus-stanley-kurtz~~** 87 +Many of the proposals listed below can be mandated for public universities by state legislatures 88 +AND 89 +of students on campus, represents the best hope of overcoming these obstacles. 90 + 91 +===Framework=== 92 + 93 +====The value is morality ==== 94 + 95 +====The standard is maximizing foreseen expected pleasure==== 96 + 97 +====1. Moral realism is true- pain and pleasure are only intrinsic values==== 98 +Gray 09 **~~Gray, James W. "An Argument for Moral Realism." Ethical Realism. N.p., 07 Oct. 2009. Web. 04 Sept. 2015. https://ethicalrealism.wordpress.com/2009/10/07/an-argument-for-moral-realism/. MA in philosophy from San Jose State University (2008)~~** 99 +If we have evidence that anything in particular has intrinsic value, then we also 100 +AND 101 +attempt to show that the alternatives are less justified in the next section. 102 + 103 +====Moral uncertainty means we prevent extinction ==== 104 +Bostrom 11 **—¶ (2011) Nick Bostrom, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford Martin School and Faculty of Philosophy** 105 +These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest an alternative, complementary way of looking at existential 106 +AND 107 +of value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe. 108 + 109 +====Physicalism is true and is side constraint on ethics==== 110 +- Intrinsic facts must be physical, a priori abstract concepts can’t affect action because that violates conservation of energy 111 +- Belief desire pairs constitute action – we have a belief based on empirical understandings of concepts then a desire to take an action based on a belief 112 +Papineau 08,** David, "Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2009 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2009/entries/naturalism/.** 113 +In the middle of the nineteenth century the conservation of kinetic plus potential energy came 114 +AND 115 +it is hard to see how we can have any knowledge of them. 116 +===Underview=== 117 + 118 +====The role of the ballot is to vote for the most ethical policy option ==== 119 + 120 +====1. Debating and researching government policy does not entrench a universal subject, but refusal on those grounds ironically does==== 121 +Zanotti 13 **— Laura Zanotti, Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech, holds a Ph.D. in International Relations from Florida International University, 2013 ("Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World," Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Volume 38, Issue 4, November, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via SAGE Publications Online, p. 289-290)** 122 +Unlike positions that adopt governmentality as a descriptive tool and end up embracing the liberal 123 +AND 124 +position leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism.’’84 125 +====2. The state can be repurposed for good ends, even if it is grounded in bad purposes now. The nature of the machine doesn’t determine what it can be used for.==== 126 +Ferguson 11,** James, Professor of Anthropology at Stanford, "The Uses of Neoliberalism", Antipode, Vol. 41, No. S1, pp 166–184** 127 +If we are seeking, as this special issue of Antipode aspires to do, 128 +AND 129 +some rather useful little mechanisms may be nearer to hand than we thought. - EntryDate
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