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edited by Nirmal Balachundhar
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Summary

Details

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1 +=1AC=
2 +
3 +
4 +===Framing===
5 +
6 +
7 +====1. Debate should deal with questions of real-world consequences—ideal theories ignore the concrete nature of the world and legitimize oppression.====
8 +Curry 14** ~~Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14, "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century", Victory Briefs, 2014, BE~~**
9 +Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real
10 +AND
11 +used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters.
12 +
13 +Our different upbringings as children bias us to value different things, objective moral standards do not exist, instead we must be pluralist. ====
14 +**we should recognize the plurality of view for other people. Objective standards don’t exist and you shouldn't be able to perpetuate one notion of identity. **
15 +**Causal forces takes out ideal theory because you must be informed of the empirical of **
16 +**AND**
17 +relations (of. May, 1987, pp. 22-23).
18 +
19 +
20 +====4. Global justice requires a reduction in inequality and a focus on material rights.====
21 +**Okereke 07** ~~Chukwumerije Okereke (Senior Research Associate at the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia). Global Justice and Neoliberal Environmental Governance. Routledge 2007~~
22 +Notwithstanding these drawbacks, these scholars provide very compelling arguments against mainstream conceptions of justice
23 +AND
24 +satisfy their aspirations for a better life. (WCED 1987: 43).
25 +
26 +
27 +===Offense===
28 +
29 +
30 +====Police violence is common and enforcement atomizes individuals who are people of color, differently abled, and minorities - civil liability reform is the first step====
31 +Stefan 16** ~~De Stefan, Lindsey, (J.D. Candidate, Seton Hall Universtiy School of Law; B.A. Ramapo College of New Jersey. ""No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student'scholarship/850 ~~ NB**
32 +In recent months, it has been impossible to ignore the overwhelming presence of police
33 +AND
34 +liability enjoyed by law enforcement officers alleged to have violated individual constitutional rights.
35 +
36 +
37 +====Judges allow the police to get away with anything- people are deterred from filing lawsuits ====
38 +Pattis 16 ~~bracketed for ableist rhetoric~~ **Pattis, Norm. Management, Elite. "Norman Pattis Blog". Norm Pattis Blog. N. p., 2016. Web. 25 Oct. 2016.KB**
39 +I get many calls each week from people who believe they have been abused by
40 +AND
41 +accomplices in a police state; most of them don't even realize it.
42 +
43 +
44 +====Qualified immunity requires clear precedent and favors officers- that allows judges to avoid setting new rights====
45 +Carbado 16 **~~Drew Carbado (Honorable Harry Pregerson Professor of Law, UCLA), "Blue-on-Black Violence: A Provisional Model of Some of the Causes," Georgetown Law Journal Vo. 104, 2016.~~ **
46 +Qualified Immunity: Perhaps a more fundamental barrier to holding police officers ac- countable
47 +AND
48 +a significant doctrinal hurdle to holding police officers accountable for acts of violence.
49 +
50 +
51 +====We affirm the resolution- the United States ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers====
52 +
53 +
54 +====Affirming prevents police officers from doing bad things. ====
55 +
56 +
57 +====1. Precedent and Cooperation- litigation establishes clear precedents for the future and fosters trust in the community ====
58 +Stefan 16** ~~De Stefan, Lindsey, (J.D. Candidate, Seton Hall Universtiy School of Law; B.A. Ramapo College of New Jersey. ""No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student'scholarship/850 ~~ NB**
59 +Altering the qualified immunity doctrine is an excellent way to begin the path to restoring
60 +AND
61 +immediate way to rebuild trust and begin healing the citizen-police relationship.
62 +
63 +
64 +====2. Department Analysis- even if civilians don't win compensation- lawsuits create reform and police know their behavior will be watched====
65 +Schwartz 11 **~~Schwartz, Joanna C. "What Police Learn from Lawsuits." Cardozo L. Rev. 33 (2011): 841. Joanna Schwartz is a Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law. She teaches Civil Procedure, the Civil Rights Litigation Clinic~~ KB**
66 +Lawsuits are widely recognized to compensate and deter; this Article shows suits can also
67 +AND
68 +to create multiple, new, and even redundant sources of information."253
69 +
70 +
71 +====3. Accountability- Internal concessions from cop polls prove litigation only chills bad policing but incentivizes good policing ====
72 +Ferdik 13 **~~Ferdik, Frank V. "Perception is Reality: A Qualitative Approach to Understanding Police Officer View on Civil Liability" COGINTA. For Police Reforms and Community Safety. Working Paper No. 49. Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of armed forces. Joint IPES, Coginta, and DCAF, Wroking Paper Series in a on open forum for the global community of police experts, researchers, and practioners provided by the International Police exeecrutive Symposium. Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. University of South Carolina.August 2013~~ NB**
73 +It appears that civil litigation may also be a concern for police administrators. For
74 +AND
75 +of Study- Evaluates a large quantity of police chiefs and various departments-
76 +
77 +
78 +====Indemnification doesn't deter officers- they still worry about negative relations, and it’s the only way to compensate plaintiffs.====
79 +Schwartz 14 **~~Schwartz, Joanna C. "Police Indemnification" Assistant Professor of Law, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Law. New York University Law Review. 2014~~ NB**
80 +Others will argue that, despite indemnification, police officers are still in danger of
81 +AND
82 +pays settle- ments and judgments against officers out of a general fund.
83 +====Observations:====
84 +
85 +
86 +====The negative must defenda world where they only allow qualified immunity because the resolution asks whether or not qualified immunity is good or bad. ====
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1 +2016-11-11 22:57:12.0
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1 +Jeff Eikelbrener
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Round
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1 +Lexington Balachundhar Aff
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1 +NOVDEC- 1AC- Civilian Rights
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1 +Scarsdale
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1 +===Framing===
2 +
3 +
4 +====Black lives matter isn’t futurism – state based movements build coalitions necessary to revalue black agency.====
5 +Bailey 15 **~~Bailey, Julius, and David J. Leonard. "Black Lives Matter: Post-Nihilistic Freedom Dreams." Journal of Contemporary Rhetoric 5.3/4 (2015): 67-77~~.KB**
6 +Three simple words: Black- Lives- Matter. These words have come to
7 +AND
8 +demand for an alternative to the present racial configuration in the United States.
9 +
10 +
11 +====The role of the ballot is to embrace the politics of black lives matter to resolve material conditions of antiblackness. Academia is at the brink- only interrogation through education interjects meaningful challenges against systems of power.====
12 +Quick 6-21 **~~Kimberly Quick (The Century Foundation. Policy Associate), 6-21-2016, "Why Black Lives Matter in Education, Too," Century Foundation, https://tcf.org/content/commentary/black-lives-matter-education/~~ NB**
13 +Last month, the New Schools Venture Fund Summit in San Francisco—an invitation
14 +AND
15 +whatever reasons, some conservatives still seem to shy away from the concept.
16 +
17 +====Causal processes predispose us to certain modes of thought, instead we must use particular realities to deconstruct oppression ====
18 +**we should recognize the plurality of view for other people. Objective standards don’t exist and you shouldn't be able to perpetuate one notion of identity. **
19 +**Causal forces takes out ideal theory because you must be informed of the empirical of **
20 +**AND**
21 +relations (of. May, 1987, pp. 22-23).
22 +
23 +
24 +===Offense===
25 +
26 +
27 +====Police violence is common and enforcement atomizes individuals who are people of color, differently abled, and minorities - civil liability reform is the first step====
28 +Stefan 16** ~~De Stefan, Lindsey, (J.D. Candidate, Seton Hall Universtiy School of Law; B.A. Ramapo College of New Jersey. ""No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student'scholarship/850 ~~ NB**
29 +In recent months, it has been impossible to ignore the overwhelming presence of police
30 +AND
31 +liability enjoyed by law enforcement officers alleged to have violated individual constitutional rights.
32 +
33 +
34 +====Judges allow the police to get away with anything- people are deterred from filing lawsuits ====
35 +Pattis 16 ~~bracketed for ableist rhetoric~~ **Pattis, Norm. Management, Elite. "Norman Pattis Blog". Norm Pattis Blog. N. p., 2016. Web. 25 Oct. 2016.KB**
36 +I get many calls each week from people who believe they have been abused by
37 +AND
38 +accomplices in a police state; most of them don't even realize it.
39 +
40 +
41 +====Qualified immunity requires clear precedent and favors officers- that allows judges to avoid setting new rights====
42 +Carbado 16 **~~Drew Carbado (Honorable Harry Pregerson Professor of Law, UCLA), "Blue-on-Black Violence: A Provisional Model of Some of the Causes," Georgetown Law Journal Vo. 104, 2016.~~ **
43 +Qualified Immunity: Perhaps a more fundamental barrier to holding police officers ac- countable
44 +AND
45 +a significant doctrinal hurdle to holding police officers accountable for acts of violence.
46 +
47 +
48 +====Thus, the plan: Resolved- The United States Federal Government should limit qualified immunity for police officers to zero through strict liability. This ensures litigation against harm regardless of police intent. ====
49 +Answers departments turns case bc 1. Policing is shitty rn so theres no uniqueness to a marginal increase so try or die for the aff to improve policing 2. Police wouldn’t arrest frivolously bc frivolous arrests bring litigation in a feedback cycle, only good arrests will be pursued to avoid shit, insurers will get pissed so indemnity doesn’t take this out
50 +Effectively is the best method to rid of qualified immunity because we don't give officers
51 +AND
52 +objectively enforced, and violations of which result in victims pushing for enforcement.
53 +
54 +
55 +====Plan Solves- multiple warrants====
56 +
57 +
58 +====1. Precedent and Cooperation- litigation establishes clear precedents for the future and fosters trust in the community ====
59 +Stefan 16** ~~De Stefan, Lindsey, (J.D. Candidate, Seton Hall Universtiy School of Law; B.A. Ramapo College of New Jersey. ""No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student'scholarship/850 ~~ NB**
60 +Altering the qualified immunity doctrine is an excellent way to begin the path to restoring
61 +AND
62 +immediate way to rebuild trust and begin healing the citizen-police relationship.
63 +
64 +
65 +====2. Department Analysis- even if civilians don't win compensation- lawsuits create reform and police know their behavior will be watched====
66 +Schwartz 11 **~~Schwartz, Joanna C. "What Police Learn from Lawsuits." Cardozo L. Rev. 33 (2011): 841. Joanna Schwartz is a Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law. She teaches Civil Procedure, the Civil Rights Litigation Clinic~~ KB**
67 +Lawsuits are widely recognized to compensate and deter; this Article shows suits can also
68 +AND
69 +to create multiple, new, and even redundant sources of information."253
70 +
71 +
72 +====3. Accountability- Internal concessions from cop polls prove litigation only chills bad policing but incentivizes good policing ====
73 +Ferdik 13 **~~Ferdik, Frank V. "Perception is Reality: A Qualitative Approach to Understanding Police Officer View on Civil Liability" COGINTA. For Police Reforms and Community Safety. Working Paper No. 49. Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of armed forces. Joint IPES, Coginta, and DCAF, Wroking Paper Series in a on open forum for the global community of police experts, researchers, and practioners provided by the International Police exeecrutive Symposium. Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. University of South Carolina.August 2013~~ NB**
74 +It appears that civil litigation may also be a concern for police administrators. For
75 +AND
76 +of Study- Evaluates a large quantity of police chiefs and various departments-
77 +
78 +
79 +====Indemnification doesn't deter officers- they still worry about negative relations, and it’s the only way to compensate plaintiffs.====
80 +Schwartz 14 **~~Schwartz, Joanna C. "Police Indemnification" Assistant Professor of Law, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Law. New York University Law Review. 2014~~ NB**
81 +Others will argue that, despite indemnification, police officers are still in danger of
82 +AND
83 +pays settle- ments and judgments against officers out of a general fund.
84 +
85 +
86 +====Independently, qualified immunity masks other methods of the CJS that maintain racial violence. ====
87 +Hassel 99** ~~Hassel, Diana. "Living a Lie: The cost of Qualified Immunity" Winter 1999. Volume 64. Missouri law Review. Available at: http://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/mlr/vol64/iss1/9 ~~ NB**
88 +The problem with qualified immunity is not so much that the outcomes are sometimes unfair
89 +AND
90 +us peace, but it keeps from us the tools required for reform.
91 +
92 +
93 +===Underview- State===
94 +
95 +
96 +
97 +
98 +====1. Descriptive governmentality fails to understand the political as constructed- it can be reversed====
99 +Zanotti 13 **~~Laura, associate professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech., Ph.D. from the University of Washington in 2008 and joined the Purdue University faculty in 2009. "Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World", originally published online 30 December 2013, DOI: 10.1177/0304375413512098, P. Sage Publications~~ KB**
100 +While there are important variations in the way international relations scholars use governmentality theory,
101 +AND
102 +where they are made rather than based upon their universal normative aspirations.13
103 +
104 +
105 +====2. Debating and researching government policy does not entrench a universal subject, but refusal on those grounds ironically does====
106 +Zanotti 13 **— Laura Zanotti, Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech, holds a Ph.D. in International Relations from Florida International University, 2013 ("Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World," Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Volume 38, Issue 4, November, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via SAGE Publications Online, p. 289-290)**
107 +Unlike positions that adopt governmentality as a descriptive tool and end up embracing the liberal
108 +AND
109 +position leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism.’’84
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1 +2016-11-12 00:20:12.0
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1 +Parth Ahya
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1 +Cambridge AG
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Round
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1 +NOVDEC- 1AC- BLM
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1 +Scarsdale
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1 +====Apocalyptic rhetoric produces psychic numbing which ensures biopolitics and —vote aff to reject bad scholarship while voting neg doesn’t prevent an inevitable extinction====
2 +**Chernus 14**
3 +Ira Chernus, a TomDispatch regular, is professor of religious studies at the University of Colorado Boulder and author of the online "MythicAmerica: Essays." He blogs at MythicAmerica.us; "Apocalypses Everywhere Is There Any Hope in an Era Filled with Gloom and Doom?"; February 25, 2014; http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/175811/tomgram3A'ira'chernus2C'what'ever'happened'to'plain'old'apocalypse/
4 +Yes, the A-word is now everywhere, and most of the time
5 +AND
6 +apocalypses everywhere: abandon all hope, ye who live here and now.
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1 +2016-11-12 00:20:12.0
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1 +Parth Ahya
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Round
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1 +1- Security K
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1 +Scarsdale
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1 +===Framing===
2 +
3 +
4 +====Neoliberalism has infilitrated the academy.It has sacrificed the academy and higher education as a site for knowledge production and critical dialogue. Objectviity is a lie- ethical standpoints have been constructed by neoliberalism and hides true inequality. The role of the ballot is to fight neoliberalism through post-fiat consequences of governmental policy====
5 +Giroux 13 **~~Henry A. Giroux (McMaster Univeristy Professor for Scholarship in Public Interest and the Paulo Freire Distingusiehd Scholar in Critical Pedagogy", 10-29-2013, "Henry A. Giroux," Truthout, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/19654-public-intellectuals-against-the-neoliberal-university~~ NB**
6 +And while Lourde refers to poetry here, I think a strong case can be
7 +AND
8 +the economic Darwinism and civic corruption at the heart of a debased politics.
9 +
10 +
11 +====Modern oppression and institutionalized violence are a result of political ignorance, isolationism, and egoism that makes minorities disposable====
12 +Giroux 13** ~~Giroux, Henry. "Violence Is Deeply Rooted in American Culture:." Leolienne. N.p., 13 Jan. 2013. Web. http://www.leolienne.com/bamablog/index.php/categories/28-learning/essatorials/1158-henry-giroux-violence-deeply-routed-in-american-culture.~~ KB access 12/1/15**
13 +In the US there is an institutionalized regime of neoliberal violence directed against low income
14 +AND
15 +actions, and politics is removed from the promise of a substantive democracy.
16 +
17 +
18 +====Education is increasingly driven by neoliberal forces – student activism is key to retake the political sphere.====
19 +Williams 15 **~~Jo Williams (Lecturer, College of Education at Victoria University), "Remaking education from below: the Chilean student movement as public pedagogy," Australian Journal of Adult Learning, November 2015~~ **
20 +More than ever the crisis of schooling represents, at large, the crisis of
21 +AND
22 +and a return of the student and pedagogue as authentic and critical subjects.
23 +
24 +
25 +===UQ/Inherency===
26 +
27 +
28 +====Universities currently restrict free speech- that stifles protests and key intellectual discussion necessary for progressivism====
29 +Maloney 16 **~~Cliff Maloney, Jr., Oct 13, 2016, "Colleges Have No Right to Limit Students' Free Speech," TIME, http://time.com/4530197/college-free-speech-zone/~~ NB**
30 +In grade school, I learned that debate is defined as "a discussion between
31 +AND
32 +of ideas. Restrictive campus speech codes are, in fact, regressive.
33 +
34 +
35 +====The alt right is already energized in the status quo- students already engage in harmful dialogue. ====
36 +Harkinson 12-6 **~~Harkinson, Josh. "The Push to Enlist ‘Alt-Right’ Recruits on College Campuses. Dec 6, 2016. http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/12/richard-spencer-alt-right-college-activism. ~~**
37 +How much support is there for the loose-knit coalition of white nationalists and
38 +AND
39 +and fascism, including Nazism in Germany (and in the United States).
40 +
41 +
42 +====The state seeks contains protestors and geopolitically isolates protest from politics- the impact is the destruction of alternate futures====
43 +**Elmer and Opel 08 ~~Greg- Director of the Infoscape research lab and Bell Globemedia Research Chair @ Ryerson University, and Andy, associate professor Dept. of Communication @ Florida State University, Preempting Dissent: The Politics of an Inevitable Future, p. 30-31 , GAL~~**
44 +This chapter argues that in the shadow of 9/11, the war in
45 +AND
46 +spaces, metaphorically separating the political mainstream from so-called marginal voices.
47 +
48 +
49 +===Solvency===
50 +
51 +
52 +====Protests have been essential to deconstruct facets of the neoliberal university- multiple empirics prove====
53 +Delgado 15 **~~Delgado, Sandra. "The Pedagogical Potential of Student Collective Action in the Age of the Corporate University" (Doctoral Student in curriculum studies at the university of british Columbia). Department of Curriculum and Pedagogy. University of British Columbia. 2015~~ NB**
54 +One recent movement that has integrated classic and creative repertoires of action is the Chilean
55 +AND
56 +contribute to critical reflection, social engagement and action on specific social issues.
57 +
58 +
59 +====Counterspeech is especially effective- it bolsters campus-wide movements and mitigates the risk of dealing with censorship issues which sacrifices focus on the movement====
60 +Calleros 95 **~~Calleros, Charles R. "Paternalism, Counterspeech, and Campus Hate-Speech Codes: A Reply to Delgado and Yun" (Professor of Law, Arizona State University). HeinOnline. Arizona State Law Journal. 1995~~ NB**
61 +Delgado and Yun summarize the support for the counterspeech argument by paraphrasing Nat Hentoff:
62 +AND
63 +it sparked counterspeech and community action that strengthened the campus support for diversity.
64 +
65 +
66 +====Student bodies are essential flashpoints to create social change- they are diverse classes that foster difference====
67 +Delgado 15 **~~Delgado, Sandra. "The Pedagogical Potential of Student Collective Action in the Age of the Corporate University" (Doctoral Student in curriculum studies at the university of british Columbia). Department of Curriculum and Pedagogy. University of British Columbia. 2015~~ NB**
68 +During the last decade students have played a prominent role, as part of the
69 +AND
70 +and their work can be found as part of the literary genre.4
71 +
72 +====Descriptive governmentality fails to understand the political as constructed- it can be reversed====
73 +Zanotti 13 **~~Laura, associate professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech., Ph.D. from the University of Washington in 2008 and joined the Purdue University faculty in 2009. "Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World", originally published online 30 December 2013, DOI: 10.1177/0304375413512098, P. Sage Publications~~ KB**
74 +While there are important variations in the way international relations scholars use governmentality theory,
75 +AND
76 +where they are made rather than based upon their universal normative aspirations.13
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1 +2017-01-06 03:22:38.0
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1 +Astacio, Omoregie
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1 +Harvard Westlake AM
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1 +JANFEB- 1AC- Neoliberalism- V1
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1 +Interpretation- the negative counterplans may not be plan inclusive
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1 +2017-01-07 21:15:10.0
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1 +Antigua, Fife
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1 +2- PICs Bad
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1 +===1AC- Generic===
2 +
3 +
4 +====Colleges and universities have significantly repressed constitutionally protected speech—as political correctness defines the milieu of campuses, limits on speech have all but disappeared with the rise of Trump====
5 +Burleigh 16** ~~Nina Burleigh (Newsweek's National Politics Correspondent. She is an award-winning journalist and the author of five books. Her last book, The Fatal Gift of Beauty: The Trials of Amanda Knox, was a New York Times bestseller. In the last several years, she has covered a wide array of subjects, from American politics to the Arab Spring). "The Battle Against ‘Hate Speech’ on College Campuses Gives Rise to a Generation that Hates Speech." Newsweek. May 26th, 2016. http://www.newsweek.com/2016/06/03/college-campus-free-speech-thought-police-463536.html~~**
6 +More than half of America’s colleges and universities now have restrictive speech codes. And
7 +AND
8 +of his words would almost certainly be prohibited speech on most college campuses.
9 +
10 +
11 +====Trump is an example of how public vulgarity has returned to the political, disintegrating the ethical substance of public life—at the same time, restrictions which mandate politically correct speech contribute to the same destruction by normalizing state violence====
12 +Zizek 16 **~~Slavoj Zizek (cultural critic). "The Return of Public Vulgarity." Newsweek. February 12th, 2016. http://www.newsweek.com/return-public-vulgarity-425691~~**
13 +We should be under no illusions about the meaning of statements like those of Netanyahu
14 +AND
15 +at faceless institutions that regulate their lives in a nontransparent way is fully justified
16 +
17 +
18 +====This seeming paradox at the heart of speech restrictions proves the undecidability at the heart of our symbolic order—political correctness guarantees that offensiveness will appear in a worse form that is masked by benevolence—we must understand the power relations at the heart of language====
19 +Zizek 99 **~~Slavoj Zizek. The Ticklish Subject: The Absent Centre of Political Ontology. Pgs. 332-333, 1999. Google Books.~~**
20 +In all these domains, the différend seems to be irreducible—that is to
21 +AND
22 +criterion in order to direct and posit a limitation to inherent scientific drive.
23 +
24 +
25 +====Political correctness prevents us from truly overcoming inequalities—we choose to soften our language in lieu of challenging structures—only a method of shared obscene solidarity places ourselves and the Other on equal footing====
26 +Merelli 15 **~~Annalisa Merelli (holds a master's degree in semiotics and a bachelor's degree in mass communication from the University of Bologna). "Slavoj Žižek thinks political correctness is exactly what perpetuates prejudice and racism." Quartz. May 8th, 2015. http://qz.com/398723/slavoj-zizek-thinks-political-correctness-is-exactly-what-perpetuates-prejudice-and-racism/~~**
27 +"I’m well aware that we should not just walk around and humiliate each other
28 +AND
29 +can openly be made fun of, just as we do of ourselves.
30 +
31 +
32 +====Vote aff to affirm the obscene—Only the 1AC fosters intellectual freedom—language must be a conduit for venting our aggressiveness—censorship forces us to repress our desires, making physical violence inevitable====
33 +Schwartz 86** ~~Joel Schwartz (University of Toronto). "Freud and Freedom of Speech." The American Political Science Review, Vol. 80, No. 4 (Dec., 1986), pp. 1227-1248. JSTOR.~~**
34 +These statements suggest that Freud defends intellectual freedom for reasons similar to some of those
35 +AND
36 +(Freud, 1916-17, lecture 9, p. 142)
37 +
38 +
39 +====I affirm that public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech. ====
40 +
41 +
42 +====Violence is not always given rational articulation—that makes it impossible to comprehend simply through moral philosophy—only psychoanalysis enables us to understand the symbolic violence at the heart of political correctness====
43 +Valentic 16
44 +Tonci Valentic (University of Zagreb). "Symbolic Violence and Global Capitalism." International Journal of Zizek Studies, vol. 2, no. 2. 2016. http://www.zizekstudies.org/index.php/IJZS/article/viewFile/108/108
45 +The major task of philosophical analysis of violence in contemporary world should be developing a
46 +AND
47 +only the tip of an iceberg made up of "systemic" violence.
48 +
49 +
50 +====The role of the ballot and judge is to investigate violence through psychoanalytic phenomenology—this is uniquely key to understanding political correctness and fostering meaningful dialogue====
51 +Schwartz 16
52 +Howard Schwartz. Political Correctness and the Destruction of Social Order: Chronicling the Rise of the Pristine Self. Palgrave Macmillan, pg. 4, 2016. Google Books.
53 +The occasion for this has been what I call the rise, or the establishment
54 +AND
55 +is. It is in that spirit that we will undertake this inquiry.
56 +
57 +
58 +====Self-reflexive interrogation of the psyche is essential to ushering in new patterns of symbolization ====
59 +Moon 13
60 +Davis S. Moon. "Autonomy and alienated subjectivity: A re-reading of Castoriadis, through Zizek." Subjectivity, 6 (4). pp. 424-244. 2013. http://opus.bath.ac.uk/36738/1/AaAS'Subjectivities'R'R'FINAL'DSM.pdf
61 +Alienation and Autonomy: Prerequisite, not Obstacle The key issue here is the psyche
62 +AND
63 +through Žižek as advocated here produces a new composite purer for being tainted.
EntryDate
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1 +Nadia Hussein
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1 +Not Sure
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1 +10
Round
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1 +2
Team
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1 +Lexington Balachundhar Aff
Title
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1 +JANFEB- 1AC- Zizek
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1 +Emory
Caselist.CitesClass[11]
Cites
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1 +===Adv===
2 +
3 +
4 +====Restrictions on campus speech undermine the free exchange of ideas—that kills economic growth and competitiveness====
5 +Millsap 16 **~~Adam Millsap (research fellow for the State and Local Policy Project with the Mercatus Center at George Mason University). "Free Speech Is Good for the Economy." U.S. News and World Report. May 23rd, 2016. http://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2016-05-23/free-speech-is-good-for-the-economy~~**
6 +Commencement season is now underway, and President Barack Obama recently had the honor of
7 +AND
8 +the long-term costs of stifling speech are larger than commonly recognized.
9 +
10 +
11 +====The US is key to the global economy for the foreseeable future- but their on the brink of decrease now====
12 +High 12/5 **~~(Peter. Reporter on Innovative ideas in the world of information technology) Forbes . He is in an interview with Peter Zeihan (Geopolitical Strategist Peter Zeihan is a global energy, demographic and security expert, and the author of The Accidental Superpower: The Next Generation of American Preeminence and the Coming Global Disorder. He is an advisor to the US State Department and to the Washington, DC think tank community. In his book, he notes that the reassertion of geopolitics as the rule by which the world operates; global demographic inversions; and shale energy will all lead to a period of U.S. domination across the next half century and possibly beyond. I recently spoke with Zeihan, and our conversation covered these changes, the U.S.’s changing role in global security and trade; the sectors that will be changed most, countries that are the best targets for trade by the United States, as well as a variety of other topics) "Reasons Why The US Will Dominate The World Economy For The Foreseeable Future" Dec 5, 2016. http://www.forbes.com/sites/peterhigh/2016/12/05/reasons-why-the-us-will-dominate-the-world-economy-for-the-foreseeable-future/~~#63cf66623841. ~~ NB**
13 +Peter High: In your book, The Accidental Superpower, you talked about how
14 +AND
15 +energy-independent, but the United States itself might be very close.
16 +
17 +
18 +====Economic decline risks a breakdown of international institutions—that causes war====
19 +**1930s prove that prolonged global downturn has geopolitical repercussions in the US and Europe**
20 +**Brings about trade wars and competition over resources, **
21 +**Hurts international institutions like EU and WT**
22 +**Tensions are rising now **
23 +Kreitner 11** **
24 +**AND**
25 +to the extent it is chugging at all, on the false security offered
26 +
27 +
28 +====That’s the most probable scenario for war ====
29 +**Cooperation has increasily been less likely to work in multiple empirical examples i.e. 1990s, **
30 +**Most likely to cause economic crises **
31 +Elhefnawy 11 **~~Nader Elhefnawy (professor of English at the University of Miami, writer on IR published in peer-reviewed journals including International Security, Astropolitics, and Survival). "Twenty Years After the Cold War: A Strategic Survey," Parameters, The U.S. Army War College Quarterly. Spring 2011. http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/Articles/2011spring/Ehlefnawy.pdf~~**
32 +Relative calm has prevailed among the great powers since the demise of the Soviet Union
33 +AND
34 +to the United States’ freedom of action if such events ever do materialize.
35 +
36 +
37 +===Solvency===
38 +
39 +
40 +====Plan Text: Resolved- Public colleges and universities in the United States should adopt policies on freedom of speech modeled on Yale University’s Woodward Report of 1974. ====
41 +
42 +
43 +====The plan effectively restores free speech and intellectual freedom on campuses====
44 +Kurtz 15 **~~Stanley Kurtz (graduated from Haverford College and holds a Ph.D. in social anthropology from Harvard University. He did his field work in India and taught at Harvard and the University of Chicago). "A Plan to Restore Free Speech on Campus." National Review. December 7th, 2015. http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/428122/plan-restore-free-speech-campus-stanley-kurtz~~**
45 +Many of the proposals listed below can be mandated for public universities by state legislatures
46 +AND
47 +of students on campus, represents the best hope of overcoming these obstacles.
48 +
49 +
50 +===Framework===
51 +
52 +
53 +====The value is morality ====
54 +
55 +
56 +====The standard is maximizing foreseen expected pleasure====
57 +
58 +
59 +====1. Moral realism is true- pain and pleasure are only intrinsic values====
60 +Gray 09 **~~Gray, James W. "An Argument for Moral Realism." Ethical Realism. N.p., 07 Oct. 2009. Web. 04 Sept. 2015. https://ethicalrealism.wordpress.com/2009/10/07/an-argument-for-moral-realism/. MA in philosophy from San Jose State University (2008)~~**
61 +If we have evidence that anything in particular has intrinsic value, then we also
62 +AND
63 +attempt to show that the alternatives are less justified in the next section.
64 +====2. If good is subjectively constructed- those standards collapse====
65 +====3. Moral uncertainty means we prevent extinction ====
66 +Bostrom 11 **—¶ (2011) Nick Bostrom, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford Martin School and Faculty of Philosophy**
67 +These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest an alternative, complementary way of looking at existential
68 +AND
69 +of value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe.
70 +
71 +
72 +====4. Physicalism is true and is side constraint on ethics====
73 +Papineau 08,** David, "Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2009 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2009/entries/naturalism/.**
74 +In the middle of the nineteenth century the conservation of kinetic plus potential energy came
75 +AND
76 +it is hard to see how we can have any knowledge of them.
77 +====6. Sovereignty is a construct from the experiential and is fluid, authority exists as a short cut to informed utility calculus====
78 +McSweeny 96 **BILL McSWEENEY Lectured in Sociology at the Univ of York, Head of International Peace Studies Program @ Irish School of economics, Ph.D. Trinity College Dublin B.Phil. University of York B.A. University of Essex RIS 1996 (22)**
79 + ‘We are who we choose to be’ overstates our freedom in the matter
80 +AND
81 +relevance of this argument to the concept of societal security should be clear.
82 +
83 +====8. Reductionism: personal identity doesn’t exist.====
84 +Olson 10** ~~Eric T. (Professor of Philosophy at the University of Sheffield) "Personal Identity" Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Aug 20, 2002; substantive revision Oct 28, 2010 http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/identity-personal/~~#PsyApp~~**
85 +Whatever psychological continuity may amount to, a more serious worry for the Psychological Approach
86 +AND
87 +, you are both hungry and not hungry at once: a contradiction.
88 +====10. Determinism is true: our bodies are controlled by biological principles only – there’s no room for free will.====
89 +Drescher 06 ~~**Gary L. (Visiting Fellow at the Center for Cognitive Studies at Tufts University, PhD in Computer Science from MIT) "Good and Real: Demystifying Paradoxes from Physics to Ethics" Bradford Books May 5th 2006~~**
90 +One prominent notion is that we have both a ghostlike component (our consciousness or
91 +AND
92 +to deviate sometimes from the same rules that such particles otherwise always obey.
93 +====Only consequentialism is consistent with determinism.====
94 +**Greene and Cohen** Joshua Greene and Jonathan Cohen (Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Brain, Mind, and Behavior, Princeton University) "For the law, neuroscience changes nothing and everything" November 26^^th^^ 2004 Phil.Trans.R.Soc.Lond.B (2004)359,1775–1785 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1693457/pdf/15590618.pdf
95 +The forward-looking–consequentialist approach to punishment works with all three responses to
96 +AND
97 +requires compatibilism. Accordingly, the standard legal account of punishment is compatibilist.
98 +
99 +
100 +Underview
101 +
102 +====B. Debate’s strategic incentives bastardize phil debate====
103 +Nebel et Al 13 **~~Teaching Philosophy 36:3, September 2013 271 Teaching Philosophy through Lincoln-Douglas Debate JACOB NEBEL Wolfson College, Oxford University RYAN W. DAVIS Harvard University PETER VAN ELSWYK Rutgers University BEN HOLGUIN New York University ~~**
104 +Another cause of poorly justified relativism and skepticism in LD debate comes from judge expectations
105 +AND
106 +inclined to accept a controversial philosophical view about morality for the wrong reasons.
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1 +2017-01-28 14:51:38.0
Judge
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1 +Terrence Lonam
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1 +Millburn CS
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1 +JANFEB- 1AC- Chris Sun
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Caselist.CitesClass[12]
Cites
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1 +=1AC=
2 +
3 +===1- Growth===
4 +
5 +====Advantage 1 is growth====
6 +
7 +====Restrictions on campus speech undermine the free exchange of ideas—that kills economic growth and competitiveness====
8 +Millsap 16 **~~Adam Millsap (research fellow for the State and Local Policy Project with the Mercatus Center at George Mason University). "Free Speech Is Good for the Economy." U.S. News and World Report. May 23rd, 2016. http://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2016-05-23/free-speech-is-good-for-the-economy~~**
9 +Commencement season is now underway, and President Barack Obama recently had the honor of
10 +AND
11 +the long-term costs of stifling speech are larger than commonly recognized.
12 +
13 +====The US is key to the global economy for the foreseeable future- but their on the brink of decrease now====
14 +High 12/5 **~~(Peter. Reporter on Innovative ideas in the world of information technology) Forbes . He is in an interview with Peter Zeihan (Geopolitical Strategist Peter Zeihan is a global energy, demographic and security expert, and the author of The Accidental Superpower: The Next Generation of American Preeminence and the Coming Global Disorder. He is an advisor to the US State Department and to the Washington, DC think tank community. In his book, he notes that the reassertion of geopolitics as the rule by which the world operates; global demographic inversions; and shale energy will all lead to a period of U.S. domination across the next half century and possibly beyond. I recently spoke with Zeihan, and our conversation covered these changes, the U.S.’s changing role in global security and trade; the sectors that will be changed most, countries that are the best targets for trade by the United States, as well as a variety of other topics) "Reasons Why The US Will Dominate The World Economy For The Foreseeable Future" Dec 5, 2016. http://www.forbes.com/sites/peterhigh/2016/12/05/reasons-why-the-us-will-dominate-the-world-economy-for-the-foreseeable-future/~~#63cf66623841. ~~ NB**
15 +Peter High: In your book, The Accidental Superpower, you talked about how
16 +AND
17 +energy-independent, but the United States itself might be very close.
18 +
19 +====Economic decline risks a breakdown of international institutions—that causes war====
20 +Kreitner 11** **
21 +**AND**
22 +to the extent it is chugging at all, on the false security offered
23 +
24 +====That’s the most probable scenario for war ====
25 +Elhefnawy 11 **~~Nader Elhefnawy (professor of English at the University of Miami, writer on IR published in peer-reviewed journals including International Security, Astropolitics, and Survival). "Twenty Years After the Cold War: A Strategic Survey," Parameters, The U.S. Army War College Quarterly. Spring 2011. http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/Articles/2011spring/Ehlefnawy.pdf~~**
26 +Relative calm has prevailed among the great powers since the demise of the Soviet Union
27 +AND
28 +to the United States’ freedom of action if such events ever do materialize.
29 +
30 +====Economic collapse causes competition for resources and instability that escalates and goes nuclear ====
31 +**- Terrorist appeals will decline, groups in 2025 will be descendants of long established groups, that become self- radicalized in the absence of economic outlets. **
32 +**- close proximity nuclear rivals will produce inherent difficulties. **
33 +**- less cooperation increases **
34 +**AND**
35 +within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.
36 +
37 +===2- NSA===
38 +
39 +====Advantage 2 is the NSA====
40 +
41 +====Campus censorship spills over and perpetuates serious invasions of freedom—that includes NSA surveillance====
42 +Silverglate 13 **~~Harvey Silverglate (I practice law — criminal defense, civil liberties, and academic freedom/student rights cases. I'm a four-decade columnist and contributor to the Boston Phoenix, an alternative weekly, as well as an occasional contributor to The National Law Journal, Massachusetts Lawyers Weekly, The Wall Street Journal, The Boston Globe, and elsewhere). "Campus Censorship Breeds Societal Dysfunction." Forbes. January 16th, 2013. http://www.forbes.com/sites/harveysilverglate/2013/01/16/campus-censorship-breeds-societal-dysfunction/~~#51f21f847d1c~~**
43 +Lukianoff posits that the pervasive trend of campus censorship has had a wider effect on
44 +AND
45 +liberty—a phenomenon that translates into dysfunction in our society at large.
46 +====NSA surveillance undermines Internet security and global trust in the Internet====
47 +Zetter 14 **~~Kim Zetter (award-winning, senior staff reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, and security). "Personal Privacy Is Only One of the Costs of NSA Surveillance." Wired. July 29th, 2014. https://www.wired.com/2014/07/the-big-costs-of-nsa-surveillance-that-no-ones-talking-about/~~**
48 +Deterioration of Cybersecurity Out of all the revelations to come to light in the past
49 +AND
50 +industry, creates real security concerns," the authors of the report note.
51 +====Destruction of the Internet causes extinction====
52 +Eagleman 10 **~~David Eagleman (neuroscientist at Baylor College of Medicine, where he directs the Laboratory for Perception and Action and the Initiative on Neuroscience and Law and author of Sum (Canongate)). "Six ways the internet will save civilization." Wired. Nov. 9, 2010. http://www.wired.co.uk/magazine/archive/2010/12/start/apocalypse-no~~**
53 +Many great civilisations have fallen, leaving nothing but cracked ruins and scattered genetics.
54 +AND
55 +to suggest that the net may just be the technology that saves us.
56 +
57 +====NSA surveillance also kills US leadership on Internet freedom====
58 +Zetter 14 **~~Kim Zetter (award-winning, senior staff reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, and security). "Personal Privacy Is Only One of the Costs of NSA Surveillance." Wired. July 29th, 2014. https://www.wired.com/2014/07/the-big-costs-of-nsa-surveillance-that-no-ones-talking-about/~~**
59 +Undermining U.S. Support for Internet Freedom Finally, the NSA’s spying activities
60 +AND
61 +need for their nations to have a greater role in governing the internet.
62 +
63 +====US promotion of Internet freedom is key to human rights====
64 +Posner 11** ~~Michael Posner (assistant secretary, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor). "Internet Freedom and Human Rights: The Obama Administration’s Perspective." U.S. Department of State. July 13th, 2011. https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/rm/2011/168475.htm~~**
65 +But this is not just about technology. Secretary Clinton has put Internet freedom on
66 +AND
67 +power behind that vision of a more inclusive, peaceful and democratic world.
68 +
69 +====Promoting human rights norms solves war and nuclear proliferation====
70 +Burke-White 4 **~~William W. Burke-White (Lecturer in Public and International Affairs and Senior Special Assistant to the Dean at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University and Ph.D. at Cambridge). "Human Rights and National Security: The Strategic Correlation." The Harvard Human Rights Journal, Spring, 17 Harv. Hum. Rts. J. 249, Lexis. 2004.~~**
71 +This Article presents a strategic—as opposed to ideological or normative—argument that
72 +AND
73 +U.S.-U.N. cooperation on human rights issues.
74 +
75 +====Prolif causes extinction====
76 +Kroenig 15 **~~Matthew, Associate Professor and International Relations Field Chair in the Department of Government and School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University and a Senior Fellow in the Brent Scowcroft Center on International Security at The Atlantic Council, "THE HISTORY OF PROLIFERATION OPTIMISM: DOES IT HAVE A FUTURE?" http://www.npolicy.org/books/Moving'Beyond'Pretense/Ch3'Kroenig.pdf~~**
77 +WHY NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION IS A PROBLEM The spread of nuclear weapons poses a number of
78 +AND
79 +that a future Middle East crisis could result in a devastating nuclear exchange.
80 +
81 +===3- Solvency===
82 +
83 +====Plan Text: Resolved- Public colleges and universities in the United States should adopt policies on freedom of speech modeled on Yale University’s Woodward Report of 1974. ====
84 +
85 +====The plan effectively restores free speech and intellectual freedom on campuses====
86 +Kurtz 15 **~~Stanley Kurtz (graduated from Haverford College and holds a Ph.D. in social anthropology from Harvard University. He did his field work in India and taught at Harvard and the University of Chicago). "A Plan to Restore Free Speech on Campus." National Review. December 7th, 2015. http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/428122/plan-restore-free-speech-campus-stanley-kurtz~~**
87 +Many of the proposals listed below can be mandated for public universities by state legislatures
88 +AND
89 +of students on campus, represents the best hope of overcoming these obstacles.
90 +
91 +===Framework===
92 +
93 +====The value is morality ====
94 +
95 +====The standard is maximizing foreseen expected pleasure====
96 +
97 +====1. Moral realism is true- pain and pleasure are only intrinsic values====
98 +Gray 09 **~~Gray, James W. "An Argument for Moral Realism." Ethical Realism. N.p., 07 Oct. 2009. Web. 04 Sept. 2015. https://ethicalrealism.wordpress.com/2009/10/07/an-argument-for-moral-realism/. MA in philosophy from San Jose State University (2008)~~**
99 +If we have evidence that anything in particular has intrinsic value, then we also
100 +AND
101 +attempt to show that the alternatives are less justified in the next section.
102 +
103 +====Moral uncertainty means we prevent extinction ====
104 +Bostrom 11 **—¶ (2011) Nick Bostrom, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford Martin School and Faculty of Philosophy**
105 +These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest an alternative, complementary way of looking at existential
106 +AND
107 +of value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe.
108 +
109 +====Physicalism is true and is side constraint on ethics====
110 +- Intrinsic facts must be physical, a priori abstract concepts can’t affect action because that violates conservation of energy
111 +- Belief desire pairs constitute action – we have a belief based on empirical understandings of concepts then a desire to take an action based on a belief
112 +Papineau 08,** David, "Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2009 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2009/entries/naturalism/.**
113 +In the middle of the nineteenth century the conservation of kinetic plus potential energy came
114 +AND
115 +it is hard to see how we can have any knowledge of them.
116 +===Underview===
117 +
118 +====The role of the ballot is to vote for the most ethical policy option ====
119 +
120 +====1. Debating and researching government policy does not entrench a universal subject, but refusal on those grounds ironically does====
121 +Zanotti 13 **— Laura Zanotti, Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech, holds a Ph.D. in International Relations from Florida International University, 2013 ("Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World," Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Volume 38, Issue 4, November, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via SAGE Publications Online, p. 289-290)**
122 +Unlike positions that adopt governmentality as a descriptive tool and end up embracing the liberal
123 +AND
124 +position leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism.’’84
125 +====2. The state can be repurposed for good ends, even if it is grounded in bad purposes now. The nature of the machine doesn’t determine what it can be used for.====
126 +Ferguson 11,** James, Professor of Anthropology at Stanford, "The Uses of Neoliberalism", Antipode, Vol. 41, No. S1, pp 166–184**
127 +If we are seeking, as this special issue of Antipode aspires to do,
128 +AND
129 +some rather useful little mechanisms may be nearer to hand than we thought.
EntryDate
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1 +2017-01-28 23:31:42.0
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1 +Katie Cole
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1 +Harker SP
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1 +12
Round
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1 +6
Team
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1 +Lexington Balachundhar Aff
Title
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1 +JANFEB- 1AC- Young Bentham
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1 +Emory
Caselist.CitesClass[13]
Cites
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1 +=1AC=
2 +
3 +==1AC- Proper==
4 +
5 +===Framing ~~:45~~===
6 +
7 +====1. Structural violence and oppression is based in moral exclusion, which is fundamentally flawed because exclusion is not based on dessert but rather on arbitrarily perceived differences.====
8 +Opotow 01 ~~Susan Opotow 01 ~~Susan Opotow is a social and organizational psychologist. Her work examines the intersection of conflict, justice, and identity as they give rise to moral exclusion — seeing others as outside the scope of justice and as eligible targets of discrimination, exploitation, hate, or violence. She studies moral exclusion and moral inclusion in such everyday contexts as schooling, environmental and public policy conflict, and in more violent contexts, such as deadly wars and the post-war period. She has guest edited The Journal of Social Issues and Social Justice Research and co-edited Identity and the Natural Environment: The Psychological Significance of Nature (MIT Press, 2003). She is associate editor of Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology and Past President of the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues~~, "Social Injustice", Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology for the 21st Centuryl Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2001, BE~~
9 +Both structural and direct violence result~~s~~ from moral justifications and rationalizations.
10 +AND
11 +oneself or one’s group at the expense of others (Tajfel, 1982)
12 +
13 +====2. Causal processes predispose us to certain types of reasoning. Particular morality must deconstruct oppression and be historically informed====
14 +Young 90 **Iris Marion Young. Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago. "Justice and the Politics of Difference." Princeton University Press. 1990 KB**
15 +Impartial reason aims to adopt a point of view outside concrete situa­ tions of
16 +AND
17 +relations (of. May, 1987, pp. 22-23).
18 +
19 +====Thus, the standard is minimizing structural violence====
20 +
21 +===Advantage===
22 +
23 +====Plan Text: Public colleges and universities ought to ban the use of free speech restrictions on student athletes====
24 +
25 +====The NCAA’s social media policies violate the constitutionally protected speech of student athletes- colleges have capability to ovverdie it because its recommended by the NCAA====
26 +Barocas 15**——Bretta Barocas, 2015. Brooklyn Law Review. Volume 80, Issue 3. An Unconstitutional Playbook: Why the NCAA Must Stop Monitoring Student-Athletes' Password- Protected Social Media Content. RW**
27 +This note argues that the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) must adopt a
28 +AND
29 +be proactive and take action to increase its reputation and level of accountability.
30 +
31 +====Social media restrictions resemble exploitation of student athletes- it violates their free speech and harbor athletic success at the expense of education====
32 +Stoller 15**—- Eric Stoller. February 5, 2015. Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/student-affairs-and-technology/coaches-please-stop-banning-social-media. RW**
33 +When will college and university coaches stop banning their players from using social media?
34 +AND
35 +social media bans and are instead given the educational experience that they deserve.
36 +
37 +====Social media restrictions are an effort to control athletes in all facets of life—that violates the first amendment right to free speech ====
38 +Kimes 15**—— Mina Kimes, September 2, 2015. Social media bans may violate college athletes' First Amendment rights. ESPN. http://abcnews.go.com/Sports/social-media-bans-violate-college-athletes-amendment-rights/story?id=33482714. RW**
39 +COLLEGE IS A petri dish for self-expression, a place where students can
40 +AND
41 +need a megaphone too. And they have the right to use one.
42 +
43 +====Social media is a unique platform for college athletes to encourage activism and express solidarity with their own political agency—censorship on those grounds discourages activism and normalizes racism on campus ====
44 +New 16**—- Jake New, August 3, 2016. "What Athletes Can Say". Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/08/03/coachs-comments-about-players-social-media-posts-spark-debate-athlete-speech. RW**
45 +While Mora said during a media conference in July that he does not plan on
46 +AND
47 +. Colleges are going to have to walk very carefully through some minefields."
48 +
49 +====Social media resistance is a key avenue for black fugitivity—it allows the carving out of respresentational spaces to resist dominant racist narratives====
50 +Joyce 15**—- Rebekah Joyce, June 11th, 2015. From Silent Film to Hashtags: Black Media as a Mode of Resistance. http://boaaevent.org/from-silent-film-to-hashtags-black-media-as-a-mode-of-resistance/. RW**
51 +Media studies and cultural/critical studies scholars have long pointed to the importance representation
52 +AND
53 +self-representation. The mediums have changed, but the resistance remains.
54 +
55 +====Social media outlets are an essential avenue for liberation and agency of marginalized communites ====
56 +Glover 15**—- Cameron Glover, April 30th, 2015. Model View Culture. https://modelviewculture.com/pieces/social-media-activism-and-the-problem-with-legitimacy. RW**
57 +There have been few other movements to spark as much controversy, confusion, and
58 +AND
59 +creators are able to see success in shifting activism for the tech age.
60 +
61 +====Blackness can embrace lines of flight to escape violence ====
62 +Bey 16—- **Marquis Bey, May 25, 2016. I Like My Coffee Black: Fugitive Blackness (With Gratitude to Fred Moten) https://medium.com/the-coffeelicious/i-like-my-coffee-black-fugitive-blackness-with-gratitude-to-fred-moten-600523d4507a~~#.onmn9sx1k. RW**
63 +I may, here, begin to say some things that may propel me into
64 +AND
65 +something is working. You know it’s hot enough when people start to squirm
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1 +2017-01-29 17:12:31.0
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1 +=1AC=
2 +
3 +
4 +===Framework ===
5 +
6 +
7 +====The value is morality====
8 +
9 +
10 +====Moral realism fails- prefer constructivism, we must derive truths from reflection and see humanity as an end in of itself ====
11 +Bagnoli 14 **~~Bagnoli, Carla, "Constructivism in Metaethics", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2014 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), forthcoming URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2014/entries/constructivism-metaethics/.~~ **
12 +Among contemporary philosophers, Christine Korsgaard has developed the most ambitious, and controversial,
13 +AND
14 +these claims have been attacked on grounds that will be discussed in section §
15 +
16 +====And, Freedom is a priori- it follows that in the kingdom of rational ends- agents must respect one another’s practical identity. ====
17 +Korsgaard 96** ~~Christine Korsgaard. "The Sources of Normativity." Lecture 3. The Tanner Lectures on Human Values. 1996. Gender modified. http://tannerlectures.utah.edu/'documents/a-to-z/k/korsgaard94.pdf~~**
18 +Kant defines a free will as a rational causality that is effective without being determined
19 +AND
20 +arise from reflective endorsement, then obligation arises from re - flective rejection.
21 +====Infinite regress- it’s impossible to deny reason’s authority====
22 +Velleman 06** ~~J David Velleman, "Self To Self- A Brief Introduction to Kantian Ethics" University of Michigan. Cambridge Univesity Press. 2006~~ NB**
23 +As we have seen, requirements that depend for their force on some external source
24 +AND
25 +something self-defeating about asking for a reason to act for reasons.
26 +====Thus, the standard is consistency with universal law====
27 +====In addition, prefer: ====
28 +
29 +
30 +====1. Argumentation requires that people have the capability to set their own ends ====
31 +Hoppe 89** ~~Hans – Hermann Hoppe, "A theory of Socialism and Capitalism" 1989~~**
32 +Clearly then, the universalization principle alone would not provide one with any positive set
33 +AND
34 +precisely its opposite, i.e., the aforementioned principle of nonaggression.
35 +
36 +
37 +====2. Actor Specificity- State decisions are products of individual intentions====
38 +Laurence 11** ~~Benjamin Laurence, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Chicago. "An Anscombean Approach to Collective Action" Essays on Anscombe's Intention. Harvard University, 2011.~~**
39 +It is enough that the same order displayed in collective action explanation can also be
40 +AND
41 +it can only know through their knowing, and reason through their reasoning.
42 +
43 +
44 +====3. Civil society and pedagogical spaces require universal freedom and ideal theory====
45 +Farr 02 **~~Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32.~~**
46 +One of the most popular criticisms of Kant’s moral philosophy is that it is too
47 +AND
48 +equally deplorable to reject the categorical imperative without first exploring its emancipatory potential.
49 +
50 +===Contention ~~1:30~~===
51 +
52 +
53 +====I contend that Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech.====
54 +
55 +
56 +====1. Restrictions on free speech prevent people from acting on their agency no matter how miniscule the restriction is====
57 +Lambert 16 **(Saber, writer @ being libertarian, "The Degradation of Free Speech and Personal Liberty," April 9, 2016, https://beinglibertarian.com/the-degradation-of-free-speech-and-personal-liberty///LADI)**
58 +Many individuals in society claim that they live in a free nation full of individual
59 +AND
60 +is often paralleled to a form of dictatorship – no matter how miniscule.
61 +
62 +
63 +====2. Restricting free speech puts the sovereign in contradiction with itself because the omnilateral will is subject to coercion by itself, creating a contradiction in conception ====
64 +Suprenant 15 ~~Chris W. "Kant on the Virtues of a Free Society" April 7th 2015 https://www.libertarianism.org/columns/kant-virtues-free-society~~
65 +The second point is a bit less straightforward. His claim is that a sovereign
66 +AND
67 +society (e.g., academics), as undermining his own authority.
68 +
69 +
70 +====3. Consequential reduction of freedom violations is an incorrect use of hindering a hindrance====
71 +Ripstein 9 **(Arthur, Professor of Law and Philosophy at the University of Toronto, and Chair of the Department of Philosophy, "Force and Freedom", Harvard University Press, 2009//LADI)**
72 +If you violate a duty of right, however, others are entitled to hinder
73 +AND
74 +made in accordance with rational concepts, but is not exhausted by them.
75 +
76 +
77 +====Immoral speech doesn’t intrinsically coerce others- they are just words====
78 +Varden 10 **~~lga Varden (Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois) "A Kantian Conception of Free Speech" May 22nd 2010 Freedom of Expression in a Diverse World Volume 3 of the series AMINTAPHIL: The Philosophical Foundations of Law and Justice pp 39-55 http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.10072F978-90-481-8999-1'4~~**
79 +2 Virtuous Versus Rightful Private Speech In order to understand Kant’s conception of free speech
80 +AND
81 +cannot be seen as involving wrongdoing from the point of view of right.
82 +
83 +
84 +====4. Free speech is a prerequisite to argumentation- without the right, we can’t be free to debate and determine the truth or falsity of the resolution- willing restrictions means that you will it on yourself- which isn’t universalizable====
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1 +2017-02-19 13:47:15.0
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1 +Sophia Caldera
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1 +Scarsdale GZ
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1 +14
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1 +4
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1 +Lexington Balachundhar Aff
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1 +JANFEB- 1AC- Kant
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1 +Harvard
Caselist.CitesClass[15]
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1 +INTERPRETATION- Debaters must write down the text of all theory interpretations before the speech they’re read in. To clarify, it is not sufficient to change it in their speech.
2 +
3 +Strat Skew
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1 +2017-02-19 13:47:16.0
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1 +Sophia Caldera
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1 +Scarsdale GZ
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1 +14
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1 +4
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1 +Lexington Balachundhar Aff
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1 +2- Must Have Interp Text
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1 +Interpretation – the neg may not read multiple theory interpretations that the aff violates in the 1NC.
2 +
3 +Strat
4 +
5 +Norms
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1 +2017-02-19 13:47:16.0
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1 +Sophia Caldera
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1 +Scarsdale GZ
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1 +14
Round
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1 +4
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1 +Lexington Balachundhar Aff
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1 +2- Multiple 1N Shells Bad
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1 +Harvard
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1 +===Framing===
2 +
3 +
4 +====From drone strikes abroad to policing dissent at our premier universities- objectivity is a lie and ethical standpoints have been constructed by militarism. The role of the ballot is to serve as a site for knowledge production and critical dialogue which is essential to deconstructing flawed epistemic biases.====
5 +Chaterjee and Maira 14 **~~Piya Chaterjee, Sunaina Maira, (UC Professors) "The Imperial University- Academic Repression and Scholarly Dissent" University of Minnesota Press.2014~~ NB**
6 +In a post-9/11 world, the U.S. university
7 +AND
8 +) precisely to show how knowledge building is central to the imperial project.
9 +
10 +
11 +====Militarism causes both international and domestic violence through the logic of disposability ====
12 +Trautman 16 **~~Brian Trautman (PeaceVoice, military veteran, instructor of peace studies at Berkshire Community College) "Police Response in Ferguson Rooted in Systemic Violence and Militarism", Common Dreams 2-20-2016~~ NB**
13 +To better understand, effectively reduce, and eventually prevent the underlying factors which led
14 +AND
15 +This action, change, and transformation are inevitable because justice demands it.
16 +
17 +
18 +===Harms===
19 +
20 +
21 +====The collusion between the military and the academy such as investment funds and resarch is connected to a broader imperial project====
22 +Chaterjee and Maira 14 **~~Piya Chaterjee, Sunaina Maira, (UC Professors) "The Imperial University- Academic Repression and Scholarly Dissent" University of Minnesota Press.2014~~ NB**
23 +The bursts of dissent (both within scholarly production and in student protests and the
24 +AND
25 +of military science and militarized praxis in fortifying the citadels of higher learning.
26 +
27 +
28 +====Academic containment of both scholars and students fuel the imperial project which sacrifices the rights of faculty and students in the name of security====
29 +Chaterjee and Maira 14 **~~Piya Chaterjee, Sunaina Maira, (UC Professors) "The Imperial University- Academic Repression and Scholarly Dissent" University of Minnesota Press.2014~~ NB**
30 +State warfare and militarism have shored up deeply powerful notions of patriotism, intertwined with
31 +AND
32 +us, certain kinds of "unruliness" must be managed or excised.
33 +
34 +
35 +====They Continue: ====
36 +The post-9/11 panic about Muslim terrorists and enemy aliens increas- ingly focused on the threat of "homegrown terrorism" as the War on Ter- ror shifted its focus to "radicalized" communities within the United States, especially Muslim American youth. At the same time, as Godrej observes, the criminalization of those considered threats to national security has included the violent repression of Occupy activists and student protesters and indefinite detention authorized by the PATRIOT (Provide Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism) Act and the National Defense Authorization Act. Protests focused on higher education thus blur into dissent against U.S. warfare and the homeland security state in a cli- mate of heightened campus securitization and university collaboration with the FBI in the interest of "public safety." Anarchists are considered domestic terror threats to be contained, and Muslim or Arab American students (or faculty) who are also anarchists are subjected to multiple levels of contain- ment and scrutiny, as suggested in the chapter by Falcón et al. Academic containment is clearly part of a larger politics of repression and policing in the national security state that affects faculty and students as well as the cam- pus climate in general.
37 +
38 +
39 +===Solvency===
40 +
41 +
42 +====Thus, the advocacy: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict constitutionally protected speech. The plan is critical to student activism.====
43 +Kurtz 15 **~~Stanley Kurtz (Senior Fellow at Ethics and Public Policy Center), 12-7-2015, "A Plan to Restore Free Speech on Campus," National Review, http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/428122/plan-restore-free-speech-campus-stanley-kurtz~~ NB**
44 +Many of the proposals listed below can be mandated for public universities by state legislatures
45 +AND
46 +wide COFE. The public should also take an interest in COFE reports.
47 +
48 +
49 +====First, Free speech creates separate spaces which affirm critical thinking capacities which spills over into public life. ====
50 +Chaterjee and Maira 14 **~~Piya Chaterjee, Sunaina Maira, (UC Professors) "The Imperial University- Academic Repression and Scholarly Dissent" University of Minnesota Press.2014~~ NB**
51 +Scholars working in zones of occupation, militarism, settler colonialism, and imperialism,
52 +AND
53 +support and build dissent focused on dismantling empire, and thinking freedom otherwise.
54 +
55 +
56 +====Free protest on campus has empirically been critical to civil rights, military reform, and economic justice====
57 +Gay 15 **~~Roxane Gay, 11-11-2015, "Student Activism Is Serious Business," New Republic, https://newrepublic.com/article/123431/student-activism-serious-business~~ NB**
58 +Education, Martha Nussbaum suggests that a liberal education, one designed to "produce
59 +AND
60 +experience college and life beyond more equally than those who came before them.
61 +
62 +
63 +====Second, student protests have been capable of questioning the military industrial complex within the departments that fuel the war effort====
64 +Tilly 99** et. al. Marco Giugni, Doug McAdam, Charles Tilly. (1999). How Social Movements Matter. University of Minnesota Press. AS**
65 +The Anti-Vietnam War Movement and Science Although the United States had been involved
66 +AND
67 +have ignored these protests. Yet that is not how the story unfolded.
68 +
69 +
70 +====Third, student activism is crucial to divestment and restricting protests which have actual impacts abroad====
71 +Oparah 14 **~~Oparah, Julia C. "Challenging Complicity- The Neoliberal University and the Prison-Industrial Complex" Chapter 3 of "The Imperial University- Academic Repression and Scholarly Dissent" Piya Chaterjee, Sunaina Maira, (UC Professors) – editors of the book. University of Minnesota Press.2014~~ NB**
72 +How does an abolitionist lens assist us in assessing responses to the academic-MPIC
73 +AND
74 +adjunct faculty? These are the possibilities opened up by academic-MPIC abolition
75 +
76 +
77 +====Divestment protests on college campuses work- empirics prove that they stigmatize institutions and reduce their capital====
78 +Beeler 15 **~~Carolyn Beeler, 4-11-2015, "Students Push College Fossil Fuel Divestment To Stigmatize Industry," NPR.org, http://www.npr.org/2015/04/11/398757780/students-push-college-fossil-fuel-divestment-to-stigmatize-industry~~ NB**
79 +In the past few years, students at hundreds of colleges and universities have started
80 +AND
81 +at Syracuse, the largest endowment to date to commit to fully divesting.
82 +
83 +
84 +===Underview===
85 +
86 +
87 +====Causal processes predispose us to certain reasoning- morality must deconstruct oppression and be empirically informed====
88 +Young 90 Iris Marion Young. Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago. “Justice and the Politics of Difference.” Princeton University Press. 1990 KB
89 +Impartial reason aims to adopt a point
90 +AND
91 +of. May, 1987, pp. 22-23).
92 +
93 +====Physicalism is true so ethics must be experiential – violations of abstract principles don’t matter if they don’t cause REAL harm====
94 +Papineau 09
95 +Papineau, David, "Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2009 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2009/entries/naturalism/.
96 +In the middle
97 +AND
98 +knowledge of them.
99 +
100 +
101 +====Subjectivism precludes objectivist ideal theory====
102 +====Rodgers 14 **Rodgers, Shannon. Ideal and Nonideal Theory: Untangling the Debate Simon Fraser University, B.C., V3S 0Z6, Canada 2014====**
103 +Some scholars call
104 +AND
105 +as ideal theory.
106 +
107 +
108 +====Debating and researching government policy does not entrench a universal subject, but refusal on those grounds ironically does====
109 +Zanotti 13 **— Laura Zanotti, Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech, holds a Ph.D. in International Relations from Florida International University, 2013 ("Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World," Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Volume 38, Issue 4, November, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via SAGE Publications Online, p. 289-290)**
110 +Unlike positions that adopt governmentality as a descriptive tool and end up embracing the liberal
111 +AND
112 +position leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism.’’84
EntryDate
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1 +2017-04-15 11:01:44.465
Judge
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1 +Alston, Staunton
Opponent
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1 +Harrison RP
ParentRound
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1 +15
Round
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1 +1
Team
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1 +Lexington Balachundhar Aff
Title
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1 +JANFEB- 1AC- Military
Tournament
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1 +Harrison RR
Caselist.RoundClass[6]
Cites
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1 +5
EntryDate
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1 +2016-11-11 22:57:10.0
Judge
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1 +Jeff Eikelbrener
Opponent
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1 +Stuyvesant KF
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2
RoundReport
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1 +1AC Rights
2 +1NC Court Clog Crime
3 +2NR Everything
4 +Lay rd
Tournament
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1 +Scarsdale
Caselist.RoundClass[7]
Cites
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1 +6,7
EntryDate
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1 +2016-11-12 00:20:11.0
Judge
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1 +Parth Ahya
Opponent
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1 +Cambridge AG
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +3
RoundReport
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1 +1AC BLM
2 +1NC Cincinatti Model CP Case Federalism
3 +1AR Everything Security
4 +2NR Plan Flaw lol everything else
Tournament
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1 +Scarsdale
Caselist.RoundClass[8]
Cites
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1 +8
EntryDate
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1 +2017-01-06 03:22:36.0
Judge
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1 +Astacio, Omoregie
Opponent
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1 +Harvard Westlake AM
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +3
RoundReport
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1 +1ac neolib
2 +1nc harassments cp da framework case
3 +2nr everything
Tournament
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1 +Newark RR
Caselist.RoundClass[9]
Cites
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1 +9
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2017-01-07 21:15:09.0
Judge
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1 +Antigua, Fife
Opponent
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1 +Ridge JH
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +7
RoundReport
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1 +1ac neolib
2 +1nc revenge porn pic DA case
3 +1ar pics bad case da pic
4 +2ar pics bad
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1 +Newark RR
Caselist.RoundClass[10]
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1 +10
EntryDate
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1 +2017-01-28 14:48:02.0
Judge
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1 +Nadia Hussein
Opponent
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1 +Not Sure
Round
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1 +2
Tournament
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1 +Emory
Caselist.RoundClass[11]
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1 +11
EntryDate
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1 +2017-01-28 14:51:36.0
Judge
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1 +Terrence Lonam
Opponent
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1 +Millburn CS
Round
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1 +3
RoundReport
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1 +1ac util
2 +1nc truth testing rodl
3 +1ar case underview truth testing rodl
4 +2nr truth testing
5 +2ar theory
Tournament
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1 +Emory
Caselist.RoundClass[12]
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1 +12
EntryDate
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1 +2017-01-28 23:31:40.0
Judge
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1 +Katie Cole
Opponent
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1 +Harker SP
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +6
RoundReport
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1 +1ac nsa econ
2 +1nc endowments china-russia case
3 +2nr china-russia case
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1 +Emory
Caselist.RoundClass[13]
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1 +13
EntryDate
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1 +2017-01-29 17:12:29.0
Judge
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1 +Kuang, Shields, Nails
Opponent
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1 +Peninsula JL
Round
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1 +Octas
RoundReport
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1 +1ac ncaa
2 +1nc new affs bad hate speech pic t-any courts pic endowments da
3 +2nr new affs bad t-any
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1 +Emory
Caselist.RoundClass[14]
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1 +14,15,16
EntryDate
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1 +2017-02-19 13:47:13.0
Judge
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1 +Sophia Caldera
Opponent
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1 +Scarsdale GZ
Round
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1 +4
RoundReport
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1 +1ac kant
2 +1nc particularism nc photos bad shell unidirectional rvi bad
3 +1ar multiple 1n shells bad must write interp text 1n shells nc
4 +2nr2ar theory
Tournament
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1 +Harvard
Caselist.RoundClass[15]
EntryDate
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1 +2017-04-15 11:01:42.0
Judge
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1 +Alston, Staunton
Opponent
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1 +Harrison RP
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
RoundReport
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1 +1ac militarism
2 +1nc tobacco da guns da safe spaces cp case
3 +2nr cp guns case
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1 +Harrison RR

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