Changes for page Lexington Balachundhar Aff
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... ... @@ -1,68 +1,86 @@ 1 -The role of the ballot is to embrace the politics of black lives matter to use meritocratic policy discussion to resolve material conditions of antiblackness. 2 -Academia has been subsumed by antiblackness, education must imagine new futures independent of whiteness 3 -Quick 6-21 Kimberly Quick (The Century Foundation. Policy Associate), 6-21-2016, "Why Black Lives Matter in Education, Too," Century Foundation, https://tcf.org/content/commentary/black-lives-matter-education/ NB 4 -Last month, the 1 +=1AC= 2 + 3 + 4 +===Framing=== 5 + 6 + 7 +====1. Debate should deal with questions of real-world consequences—ideal theories ignore the concrete nature of the world and legitimize oppression.==== 8 +Curry 14** ~~Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14, "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century", Victory Briefs, 2014, BE~~** 9 +Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real 5 5 AND 6 -from the concept. 7 -Black lives matter isn’t futurism – state movements build coalitions necessary to spur self coalition and revalue black life and agency by restoring culture 8 -Bailey 15 Bailey, Julius, and David J. Leonard. "Black Lives Matter: Post-Nihilistic Freedom Dreams." Journal of Contemporary Rhetoric 5.3/4 (2015): 67-77.KB 9 -Three simple words: Black- 11 +used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters. 12 + 13 +Our different upbringings as children bias us to value different things, objective moral standards do not exist, instead we must be pluralist. ==== 14 +**we should recognize the plurality of view for other people. Objective standards don’t exist and you shouldn't be able to perpetuate one notion of identity. ** 15 +**Causal forces takes out ideal theory because you must be informed of the empirical of ** 16 +**AND** 17 +relations (of. May, 1987, pp. 22-23). 18 + 19 + 20 +====4. Global justice requires a reduction in inequality and a focus on material rights.==== 21 +**Okereke 07** ~~Chukwumerije Okereke (Senior Research Associate at the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia). Global Justice and Neoliberal Environmental Governance. Routledge 2007~~ 22 +Notwithstanding these drawbacks, these scholars provide very compelling arguments against mainstream conceptions of justice 10 10 AND 11 -happen in the current moment. 12 -Causal processes predispose us to certain types of reasoning. Particular morality must deconstruct oppression and be historically informed– identity critique is no more radical than ideal political philosophy that essentializes groups 13 -YOUNG 90 Iris Marion Young. Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago. “Justice and the Politics of Difference.” Princeton University Press. 1990 KB 14 -Impartial reason aims to adopt a point of view outside concrete situa tions of action, a transcendental "view from nowhere" that carries the perspective, attributes, character, and interests of no particular subject or set of subjects. This ideal of the impartial transcendental 24 +satisfy their aspirations for a better life. (WCED 1987: 43). 25 + 26 + 27 +===Offense=== 28 + 29 + 30 +====Police violence is common and enforcement atomizes individuals who are people of color, differently abled, and minorities - civil liability reform is the first step==== 31 +Stefan 16** ~~De Stefan, Lindsey, (J.D. Candidate, Seton Hall Universtiy School of Law; B.A. Ramapo College of New Jersey. ""No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student'scholarship/850 ~~ NB** 32 +In recent months, it has been impossible to ignore the overwhelming presence of police 15 15 AND 16 -o fsocialrelations(of. May,1987, pp.22-23).34 +liability enjoyed by law enforcement officers alleged to have violated individual constitutional rights. 17 17 18 18 19 -Plan 20 -Thus, the plan: Resolved- The United States Federal Government should ban qualified immunity for police officers through strict liability. 21 -This ensures litigation against harm regardless of police intent and reforms police behavior 22 -- Answers departments turns case bc 1. Policing is shitty rn so theres no uniqueness to a marginal increase so try or die for the aff to improve policing 2. Police wouldn’t arrest frivolously bc frivolous arrests bring litigation in a feedback cycle, only good arrests will be pursued to avoid shit, insurers will get pissed so indemnity doesn’t take this out 23 -Veksler 07 Veksler, David. "The One Minute Case For Strict Civil Liability Of The Justice System". One Minute Cases. N. p., 2007. Web. 4 Nov. 2016.KB 24 -What is the problem 37 +====Judges allow the police to get away with anything- people are deterred from filing lawsuits ==== 38 +Pattis 16 ~~bracketed for ableist rhetoric~~ **Pattis, Norm. Management, Elite. "Norman Pattis Blog". Norm Pattis Blog. N. p., 2016. Web. 25 Oct. 2016.KB** 39 +I get many calls each week from people who believe they have been abused by 25 25 AND 26 -p ushingforenforcement.41 +accomplices in a police state; most of them don't even realize it. 27 27 28 -Uniqueness 29 -Police violence is common place- squo civilian oversight isn’t sufficient –people sue 1 of the time because of QI and police get away with force on millions 30 -A. Civil complaints are too informal and departments ignore them so people who complain are deterred from suing – legal lawsuits are binding and attorneys help establish clear precedent to create department policy change – the only barrier is qualified immunity 31 -B. Creates uniqueness for lawsuits – 1 of people file lawsutis because they find complains easier, lawyers don’t pick up cases cuz QI, and even lesser cases that are picked up are successfully taken through 32 -Schwartz 11 Schwartz, Joanna C. "What Police Learn from Lawsuits." Cardozo L. Rev. 33 (2011): 841. Joanna Schwartz is a Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law. She teaches Civil Procedure, the Civil Rights Litigation Clinic KB 33 -Although almost every police department has a policy to accept and investigate civilian complaints against police personnel,121 there are four reasons to 43 + 44 +====Qualified immunity requires clear precedent and favors officers- that allows judges to avoid setting new rights==== 45 +Carbado 16 **~~Drew Carbado (Honorable Harry Pregerson Professor of Law, UCLA), "Blue-on-Black Violence: A Provisional Model of Some of the Causes," Georgetown Law Journal Vo. 104, 2016.~~ ** 46 +Qualified Immunity: Perhaps a more fundamental barrier to holding police officers ac- countable 34 34 AND 35 -improperly sent to probate. 36 -QI enables judges to hack for the police due to the reasonability standard so people are deterred from suing – allowing police to get away with anything – empirics confirm, justice delayed is better than no justice at all 37 -Pattis 16 bracketed for ableist rhetoric Pattis, Norm. Management, Elite. "Norman Pattis Blog". Norm Pattis Blog. N. p., 2016. Web. 25 Oct. 2016.KB 38 -I get many calls each week 48 +a significant doctrinal hurdle to holding police officers accountable for acts of violence. 49 + 50 + 51 +====We affirm the resolution- the United States ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers==== 52 + 53 + 54 +====Affirming prevents police officers from doing bad things. ==== 55 + 56 + 57 +====1. Precedent and Cooperation- litigation establishes clear precedents for the future and fosters trust in the community ==== 58 +Stefan 16** ~~De Stefan, Lindsey, (J.D. Candidate, Seton Hall Universtiy School of Law; B.A. Ramapo College of New Jersey. ""No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student'scholarship/850 ~~ NB** 59 +Altering the qualified immunity doctrine is an excellent way to begin the path to restoring 39 39 AND 40 -most of them don't even realize it. 41 -Cognitive evidence proves people hack for the police because of the lack of constitutional precedent 42 -Leong 8: Nancy Leong. October 11, 2008. Social Sciences resource network. The Saucier qualified immunity experiment: An empirical analysis. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1282683.RW 43 -This paper provides 61 +immediate way to rebuild trust and begin healing the citizen-police relationship. 62 + 63 + 64 +====2. Department Analysis- even if civilians don't win compensation- lawsuits create reform and police know their behavior will be watched==== 65 +Schwartz 11 **~~Schwartz, Joanna C. "What Police Learn from Lawsuits." Cardozo L. Rev. 33 (2011): 841. Joanna Schwartz is a Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law. She teaches Civil Procedure, the Civil Rights Litigation Clinic~~ KB** 66 +Lawsuits are widely recognized to compensate and deter; this Article shows suits can also 44 44 AND 45 -t hat wasunlawful."46 - Solvency47 - Deterrance solves:48 - 1.Courtprecedentandco-op,litigationestablishesprecedent which expedites trials and provides rightswhichbuildstrustand accountability49 - Stefan16DeStefan,Lindsey,(J.D.Candidate,Seton HallUniverstiySchoolof Law;B.A.RamapoCollege ofNewJersey."“NoManIs AbovetheLawandNoManIsBelowIt:”HowQualifiedImmunityReformCould CreateAccountabilityandCurb Widespread PoliceMisconduct"(2017). LawSchoolStudentScholarship.Paper850.http://scholarship.shu.edu/student_scholarship/850NB50 - Alteringthequalified68 +to create multiple, new, and even redundant sources of information."253 69 + 70 + 71 +====3. Accountability- Internal concessions from cop polls prove litigation only chills bad policing but incentivizes good policing ==== 72 +Ferdik 13 **~~Ferdik, Frank V. "Perception is Reality: A Qualitative Approach to Understanding Police Officer View on Civil Liability" COGINTA. For Police Reforms and Community Safety. Working Paper No. 49. Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of armed forces. Joint IPES, Coginta, and DCAF, Wroking Paper Series in a on open forum for the global community of police experts, researchers, and practioners provided by the International Police exeecrutive Symposium. Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. University of South Carolina.August 2013~~ NB** 73 +It appears that civil litigation may also be a concern for police administrators. For 51 51 AND 52 -citizen-police relationship. 53 -2. Police fear liability, negative reputation, and losing their jobs, indemnification allows poorer cops to comply too 54 -Schwartz 14 Schwartz, Joanna C. “Police Indemnification” Assistant Professor of Law, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Law. New York University Law Review. 2014 NB 55 -Others will argue that, despite 56 -AND 57 -indemnified by the city, which pays settle- ments and judgments against officers out of a general fund. 58 -Independently, qualified immunity masks other methods of the CJS that maintain racial violence. 59 -Hassel 99 Hassel, Diana. "Living a Lie: The cost of Qualified Immunity" Winter 1999. Volume 64. Missouri law Review. Available at: http://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/mlr/vol64/iss1/9 NB 60 -The problem with qualified immunity is not so much that the outcomes are sometimes unfair but the fact that qualified immunity blocks a clear view 61 -AND 62 -from us the tools required for reform. 75 +of Study- Evaluates a large quantity of police chiefs and various departments- 63 63 64 -Particularity is a gold standard and policy simulation is good – truth doesn’t exist in abstract or its divorced from empirical specificity – political critical theory’s totalizing claims cede the political and are totalizing 65 -Zanotti 13 Zanotti 13 Laura, associate professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech., Ph.D. from the University of Washington in 2008 and joined the Purdue University faculty in 2009. “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World”, originally published online 30 December 2013, DOI: 10.1177/0304375413512098, P. Sage Publications KB 66 -Unlike positions that adopt governmentality as a descriptive tool and end up embracing the liberal substantialist ontological assumptions and epistemological framework they criticize, positions that embrace 77 + 78 +====Indemnification doesn't deter officers- they still worry about negative relations, and it’s the only way to compensate plaintiffs.==== 79 +Schwartz 14 **~~Schwartz, Joanna C. "Police Indemnification" Assistant Professor of Law, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Law. New York University Law Review. 2014~~ NB** 80 +Others will argue that, despite indemnification, police officers are still in danger of 67 67 AND 68 -static recipes for action. 82 +pays settle- ments and judgments against officers out of a general fund. 83 +====Observations:==== 84 + 85 + 86 +====The negative must defenda world where they only allow qualified immunity because the resolution asks whether or not qualified immunity is good or bad. ==== - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,109 @@ 1 +===Framing=== 2 + 3 + 4 +====Black lives matter isn’t futurism – state based movements build coalitions necessary to revalue black agency.==== 5 +Bailey 15 **~~Bailey, Julius, and David J. Leonard. "Black Lives Matter: Post-Nihilistic Freedom Dreams." Journal of Contemporary Rhetoric 5.3/4 (2015): 67-77~~.KB** 6 +Three simple words: Black- Lives- Matter. These words have come to 7 +AND 8 +demand for an alternative to the present racial configuration in the United States. 9 + 10 + 11 +====The role of the ballot is to embrace the politics of black lives matter to resolve material conditions of antiblackness. Academia is at the brink- only interrogation through education interjects meaningful challenges against systems of power.==== 12 +Quick 6-21 **~~Kimberly Quick (The Century Foundation. Policy Associate), 6-21-2016, "Why Black Lives Matter in Education, Too," Century Foundation, https://tcf.org/content/commentary/black-lives-matter-education/~~ NB** 13 +Last month, the New Schools Venture Fund Summit in San Francisco—an invitation 14 +AND 15 +whatever reasons, some conservatives still seem to shy away from the concept. 16 + 17 +====Causal processes predispose us to certain modes of thought, instead we must use particular realities to deconstruct oppression ==== 18 +**we should recognize the plurality of view for other people. Objective standards don’t exist and you shouldn't be able to perpetuate one notion of identity. ** 19 +**Causal forces takes out ideal theory because you must be informed of the empirical of ** 20 +**AND** 21 +relations (of. May, 1987, pp. 22-23). 22 + 23 + 24 +===Offense=== 25 + 26 + 27 +====Police violence is common and enforcement atomizes individuals who are people of color, differently abled, and minorities - civil liability reform is the first step==== 28 +Stefan 16** ~~De Stefan, Lindsey, (J.D. Candidate, Seton Hall Universtiy School of Law; B.A. Ramapo College of New Jersey. ""No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student'scholarship/850 ~~ NB** 29 +In recent months, it has been impossible to ignore the overwhelming presence of police 30 +AND 31 +liability enjoyed by law enforcement officers alleged to have violated individual constitutional rights. 32 + 33 + 34 +====Judges allow the police to get away with anything- people are deterred from filing lawsuits ==== 35 +Pattis 16 ~~bracketed for ableist rhetoric~~ **Pattis, Norm. Management, Elite. "Norman Pattis Blog". Norm Pattis Blog. N. p., 2016. Web. 25 Oct. 2016.KB** 36 +I get many calls each week from people who believe they have been abused by 37 +AND 38 +accomplices in a police state; most of them don't even realize it. 39 + 40 + 41 +====Qualified immunity requires clear precedent and favors officers- that allows judges to avoid setting new rights==== 42 +Carbado 16 **~~Drew Carbado (Honorable Harry Pregerson Professor of Law, UCLA), "Blue-on-Black Violence: A Provisional Model of Some of the Causes," Georgetown Law Journal Vo. 104, 2016.~~ ** 43 +Qualified Immunity: Perhaps a more fundamental barrier to holding police officers ac- countable 44 +AND 45 +a significant doctrinal hurdle to holding police officers accountable for acts of violence. 46 + 47 + 48 +====Thus, the plan: Resolved- The United States Federal Government should limit qualified immunity for police officers to zero through strict liability. This ensures litigation against harm regardless of police intent. ==== 49 +Answers departments turns case bc 1. Policing is shitty rn so theres no uniqueness to a marginal increase so try or die for the aff to improve policing 2. Police wouldn’t arrest frivolously bc frivolous arrests bring litigation in a feedback cycle, only good arrests will be pursued to avoid shit, insurers will get pissed so indemnity doesn’t take this out 50 +Effectively is the best method to rid of qualified immunity because we don't give officers 51 +AND 52 +objectively enforced, and violations of which result in victims pushing for enforcement. 53 + 54 + 55 +====Plan Solves- multiple warrants==== 56 + 57 + 58 +====1. Precedent and Cooperation- litigation establishes clear precedents for the future and fosters trust in the community ==== 59 +Stefan 16** ~~De Stefan, Lindsey, (J.D. Candidate, Seton Hall Universtiy School of Law; B.A. Ramapo College of New Jersey. ""No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student'scholarship/850 ~~ NB** 60 +Altering the qualified immunity doctrine is an excellent way to begin the path to restoring 61 +AND 62 +immediate way to rebuild trust and begin healing the citizen-police relationship. 63 + 64 + 65 +====2. Department Analysis- even if civilians don't win compensation- lawsuits create reform and police know their behavior will be watched==== 66 +Schwartz 11 **~~Schwartz, Joanna C. "What Police Learn from Lawsuits." Cardozo L. Rev. 33 (2011): 841. Joanna Schwartz is a Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law. She teaches Civil Procedure, the Civil Rights Litigation Clinic~~ KB** 67 +Lawsuits are widely recognized to compensate and deter; this Article shows suits can also 68 +AND 69 +to create multiple, new, and even redundant sources of information."253 70 + 71 + 72 +====3. Accountability- Internal concessions from cop polls prove litigation only chills bad policing but incentivizes good policing ==== 73 +Ferdik 13 **~~Ferdik, Frank V. "Perception is Reality: A Qualitative Approach to Understanding Police Officer View on Civil Liability" COGINTA. For Police Reforms and Community Safety. Working Paper No. 49. Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of armed forces. Joint IPES, Coginta, and DCAF, Wroking Paper Series in a on open forum for the global community of police experts, researchers, and practioners provided by the International Police exeecrutive Symposium. Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. University of South Carolina.August 2013~~ NB** 74 +It appears that civil litigation may also be a concern for police administrators. For 75 +AND 76 +of Study- Evaluates a large quantity of police chiefs and various departments- 77 + 78 + 79 +====Indemnification doesn't deter officers- they still worry about negative relations, and it’s the only way to compensate plaintiffs.==== 80 +Schwartz 14 **~~Schwartz, Joanna C. "Police Indemnification" Assistant Professor of Law, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Law. New York University Law Review. 2014~~ NB** 81 +Others will argue that, despite indemnification, police officers are still in danger of 82 +AND 83 +pays settle- ments and judgments against officers out of a general fund. 84 + 85 + 86 +====Independently, qualified immunity masks other methods of the CJS that maintain racial violence. ==== 87 +Hassel 99** ~~Hassel, Diana. "Living a Lie: The cost of Qualified Immunity" Winter 1999. Volume 64. Missouri law Review. Available at: http://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/mlr/vol64/iss1/9 ~~ NB** 88 +The problem with qualified immunity is not so much that the outcomes are sometimes unfair 89 +AND 90 +us peace, but it keeps from us the tools required for reform. 91 + 92 + 93 +===Underview- State=== 94 + 95 + 96 + 97 + 98 +====1. Descriptive governmentality fails to understand the political as constructed- it can be reversed==== 99 +Zanotti 13 **~~Laura, associate professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech., Ph.D. from the University of Washington in 2008 and joined the Purdue University faculty in 2009. "Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World", originally published online 30 December 2013, DOI: 10.1177/0304375413512098, P. Sage Publications~~ KB** 100 +While there are important variations in the way international relations scholars use governmentality theory, 101 +AND 102 +where they are made rather than based upon their universal normative aspirations.13 103 + 104 + 105 +====2. Debating and researching government policy does not entrench a universal subject, but refusal on those grounds ironically does==== 106 +Zanotti 13 **— Laura Zanotti, Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech, holds a Ph.D. in International Relations from Florida International University, 2013 ("Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World," Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Volume 38, Issue 4, November, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via SAGE Publications Online, p. 289-290)** 107 +Unlike positions that adopt governmentality as a descriptive tool and end up embracing the liberal 108 +AND 109 +position leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism.’’84 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,6 @@ 1 +====Apocalyptic rhetoric produces psychic numbing which ensures biopolitics and —vote aff to reject bad scholarship while voting neg doesn’t prevent an inevitable extinction==== 2 +**Chernus 14** 3 +Ira Chernus, a TomDispatch regular, is professor of religious studies at the University of Colorado Boulder and author of the online "MythicAmerica: Essays." He blogs at MythicAmerica.us; "Apocalypses Everywhere Is There Any Hope in an Era Filled with Gloom and Doom?"; February 25, 2014; http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/175811/tomgram3A'ira'chernus2C'what'ever'happened'to'plain'old'apocalypse/ 4 +Yes, the A-word is now everywhere, and most of the time 5 +AND 6 +apocalypses everywhere: abandon all hope, ye who live here and now. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,76 @@ 1 +===Framing=== 2 + 3 + 4 +====Neoliberalism has infilitrated the academy.It has sacrificed the academy and higher education as a site for knowledge production and critical dialogue. Objectviity is a lie- ethical standpoints have been constructed by neoliberalism and hides true inequality. The role of the ballot is to fight neoliberalism through post-fiat consequences of governmental policy==== 5 +Giroux 13 **~~Henry A. Giroux (McMaster Univeristy Professor for Scholarship in Public Interest and the Paulo Freire Distingusiehd Scholar in Critical Pedagogy", 10-29-2013, "Henry A. Giroux," Truthout, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/19654-public-intellectuals-against-the-neoliberal-university~~ NB** 6 +And while Lourde refers to poetry here, I think a strong case can be 7 +AND 8 +the economic Darwinism and civic corruption at the heart of a debased politics. 9 + 10 + 11 +====Modern oppression and institutionalized violence are a result of political ignorance, isolationism, and egoism that makes minorities disposable==== 12 +Giroux 13** ~~Giroux, Henry. "Violence Is Deeply Rooted in American Culture:." Leolienne. N.p., 13 Jan. 2013. Web. http://www.leolienne.com/bamablog/index.php/categories/28-learning/essatorials/1158-henry-giroux-violence-deeply-routed-in-american-culture.~~ KB access 12/1/15** 13 +In the US there is an institutionalized regime of neoliberal violence directed against low income 14 +AND 15 +actions, and politics is removed from the promise of a substantive democracy. 16 + 17 + 18 +====Education is increasingly driven by neoliberal forces – student activism is key to retake the political sphere.==== 19 +Williams 15 **~~Jo Williams (Lecturer, College of Education at Victoria University), "Remaking education from below: the Chilean student movement as public pedagogy," Australian Journal of Adult Learning, November 2015~~ ** 20 +More than ever the crisis of schooling represents, at large, the crisis of 21 +AND 22 +and a return of the student and pedagogue as authentic and critical subjects. 23 + 24 + 25 +===UQ/Inherency=== 26 + 27 + 28 +====Universities currently restrict free speech- that stifles protests and key intellectual discussion necessary for progressivism==== 29 +Maloney 16 **~~Cliff Maloney, Jr., Oct 13, 2016, "Colleges Have No Right to Limit Students' Free Speech," TIME, http://time.com/4530197/college-free-speech-zone/~~ NB** 30 +In grade school, I learned that debate is defined as "a discussion between 31 +AND 32 +of ideas. Restrictive campus speech codes are, in fact, regressive. 33 + 34 + 35 +====The alt right is already energized in the status quo- students already engage in harmful dialogue. ==== 36 +Harkinson 12-6 **~~Harkinson, Josh. "The Push to Enlist ‘Alt-Right’ Recruits on College Campuses. Dec 6, 2016. http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/12/richard-spencer-alt-right-college-activism. ~~** 37 +How much support is there for the loose-knit coalition of white nationalists and 38 +AND 39 +and fascism, including Nazism in Germany (and in the United States). 40 + 41 + 42 +====The state seeks contains protestors and geopolitically isolates protest from politics- the impact is the destruction of alternate futures==== 43 +**Elmer and Opel 08 ~~Greg- Director of the Infoscape research lab and Bell Globemedia Research Chair @ Ryerson University, and Andy, associate professor Dept. of Communication @ Florida State University, Preempting Dissent: The Politics of an Inevitable Future, p. 30-31 , GAL~~** 44 +This chapter argues that in the shadow of 9/11, the war in 45 +AND 46 +spaces, metaphorically separating the political mainstream from so-called marginal voices. 47 + 48 + 49 +===Solvency=== 50 + 51 + 52 +====Protests have been essential to deconstruct facets of the neoliberal university- multiple empirics prove==== 53 +Delgado 15 **~~Delgado, Sandra. "The Pedagogical Potential of Student Collective Action in the Age of the Corporate University" (Doctoral Student in curriculum studies at the university of british Columbia). Department of Curriculum and Pedagogy. University of British Columbia. 2015~~ NB** 54 +One recent movement that has integrated classic and creative repertoires of action is the Chilean 55 +AND 56 +contribute to critical reflection, social engagement and action on specific social issues. 57 + 58 + 59 +====Counterspeech is especially effective- it bolsters campus-wide movements and mitigates the risk of dealing with censorship issues which sacrifices focus on the movement==== 60 +Calleros 95 **~~Calleros, Charles R. "Paternalism, Counterspeech, and Campus Hate-Speech Codes: A Reply to Delgado and Yun" (Professor of Law, Arizona State University). HeinOnline. Arizona State Law Journal. 1995~~ NB** 61 +Delgado and Yun summarize the support for the counterspeech argument by paraphrasing Nat Hentoff: 62 +AND 63 +it sparked counterspeech and community action that strengthened the campus support for diversity. 64 + 65 + 66 +====Student bodies are essential flashpoints to create social change- they are diverse classes that foster difference==== 67 +Delgado 15 **~~Delgado, Sandra. "The Pedagogical Potential of Student Collective Action in the Age of the Corporate University" (Doctoral Student in curriculum studies at the university of british Columbia). Department of Curriculum and Pedagogy. University of British Columbia. 2015~~ NB** 68 +During the last decade students have played a prominent role, as part of the 69 +AND 70 +and their work can be found as part of the literary genre.4 71 + 72 +====Descriptive governmentality fails to understand the political as constructed- it can be reversed==== 73 +Zanotti 13 **~~Laura, associate professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech., Ph.D. from the University of Washington in 2008 and joined the Purdue University faculty in 2009. "Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World", originally published online 30 December 2013, DOI: 10.1177/0304375413512098, P. Sage Publications~~ KB** 74 +While there are important variations in the way international relations scholars use governmentality theory, 75 +AND 76 +where they are made rather than based upon their universal normative aspirations.13 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +7 - Team
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Lexington Balachundhar Aff - Title
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2- PICs Bad - Tournament
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Newark RR
- Caselist.RoundClass[6]
-
- Cites
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +5 - EntryDate
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2016-11-11 22:57:10.0 - Judge
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Jeff Eikelbrener - Opponent
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Stuyvesant KF - Round
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2 - RoundReport
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,4 @@ 1 +1AC Rights 2 +1NC Court Clog Crime 3 +2NR Everything 4 +Lay rd - Tournament
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Scarsdale
- Caselist.RoundClass[7]
-
- Cites
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +6,7 - EntryDate
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2016-11-12 00:20:11.0 - Judge
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Parth Ahya - Opponent
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Cambridge AG - Round
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +3 - RoundReport
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,4 @@ 1 +1AC BLM 2 +1NC Cincinatti Model CP Case Federalism 3 +1AR Everything Security 4 +2NR Plan Flaw lol everything else - Tournament
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Scarsdale
- Caselist.RoundClass[8]
-
- Cites
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +8 - EntryDate
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-01-06 03:22:36.0 - Judge
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Astacio, Omoregie - Opponent
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harvard Westlake AM - Round
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +3 - RoundReport
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,3 @@ 1 +1ac neolib 2 +1nc harassments cp da framework case 3 +2nr everything - Tournament
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Newark RR
- Caselist.RoundClass[9]
-
- Cites
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +9 - EntryDate
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-01-07 21:15:09.0 - Judge
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Antigua, Fife - Opponent
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Ridge JH - Round
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +7 - RoundReport
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,4 @@ 1 +1ac neolib 2 +1nc revenge porn pic DA case 3 +1ar pics bad case da pic 4 +2ar pics bad - Tournament
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Newark RR