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+====Recognition necessitates an understanding of social standpoints of the oppressed and fluidity of identity ==== |
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+**Butler 09 **Frames of War: When Is Life Grievable? JUDITH BUTLER 2009 Pg. 8 |
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+How then is … radically democratic results? |
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+ |
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+====Language facilitates recognition as an instrument for compelling agency by allowing us to address one another and recognize existence. This allows for language to socially determine our existence and submits us to linguistic ontology.==== |
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+**Butler 97** "Excitable Speech: A Politics of Performativity" by Judith Butler 1997 p. 5 |
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+Language sustains the … of survivable subjects. |
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+ |
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+====Ontology comes first because underpins all other impacts and is the basis for all politics==== |
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+**Dillon 99 **(Michael, Professor of Politics at the University of Lancaster, Moral Spaces, p. 97-98) |
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+As Heidegger – himself… decision and judgment. |
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+analytics |
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+ |
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+====And, our heuristic means we learn about the State without being it. Our framework teaches contingent, but engaged, middle grounds. No State pessimism or optimism bias for extreme Alts.==== |
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+**Zanotti ’14** Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance." Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World" – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated "Version of Record" is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database. KAE bracketed for grammar |
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+By questioning substantialist … and pessimistic activism. |
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+ |
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+====Thus the standard is promoting critical social engagement. ==== |
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+====I defend the resolution; Resolved: Public colleges and Universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech. I defend the resolution as a general principle, so I don’t defend implementation.==== |
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+====The squo presents an inherent problem; colleges restrict students ability to exercise their free speech. ==== |
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+**Wheeler 16** , Lydia. "Colleges Are Restricting Free Speech on Campus, Lawmakers Say." TheHill. N.p., 02 Feb. 2016. Web. 06 Dec. 2016. |
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+In protecting students… use," he said. |
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+ |
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+===Adv. 1 Activism=== |
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+ |
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+====The thesis of the affirmative is to open up free speech on campus to endorse methods like counter speech, which is a method of literal interrogation against harmful speech. Counter-speech works to combat hate speech—empirically verified. ==== |
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+**Davidson ’16** The Freedom of Speech in Public Forums on College Campuses: A Single-Site Case Study on Pushing the Boundaries of the Freedom of Speech A Senior Project presented to The Faculty of the Journalism Department California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Journalism By Alexander Davidson June 2016 |
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+All experts agreed… combat the issue. |
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+ |
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+====The aff creates a culture of counterspeech. Censorship is the only alternative and it undermines empowerment and makes offensive speakers into martyrs, increasing the effectiveness of their arguments—my evidence is directly comparative.==== |
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+**Strossen 95 **1995 Hate Speech and Pornography: Do We Have to Choose between Freedom of Speech and Equality Nadine Strossen New York Law School *** multiple examples come from public colleges at ASU and more. Examples cited in card ununderlined bc I wanted to be efficient sorry. Can point to it if you’d like |
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+The viewpoint-neutrality… it enfeebles them.4 P |
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+ |
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+====Public colleges restricting free speech creates administrative intervention which destroys grassroot activism ==== |
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+**Brown 95 **~~Brown (Wendy L. Brown (born November 28, 1955) is an American professor of Political Science at the University of California, Berkeley~~1~~ where she is also affiliated with the Department of Rhetoric, and where she is a core faculty member in the Designated Emphasis in Critical Theory.~~2~~), Wendy. "States of injury: Power and freedom in late modernity." (1995). //~~ |
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+It is important … essays arc written. |
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+ |
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+====Censorship hurts the students’ ability to protest offensive speech in the future – granting college admin the authority to police speech creates a precident of rights infringement ==== |
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+**Milligan 15 **From Megaphones to Muzzles Free speech is under fire on college campuses – and the attacks are coming from students. By Susan Milligan ~| Staff Writer Nov. 25, 2015, http://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2015/11/25/from-megaphones-to-muzzles-free-speech-safe-spaces-and-college-campuses |
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+To me, an institution… free speech rages on. |
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+ |
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+====When colleges determine that certain words or concepts shouldn’t be said, it locks the trauma of oppression in the words themselves. By freeing up speech, the Aff takes away the oppressor’s ability to use those words as a weapon.==== |
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+**Butler 97**, Judith (Professor of Rhetoric and Comparative Literature, University of California-Berkeley), Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative, Routledge, 1997. |
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+Keeping such terms … is partially open. |
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+ |
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+=== adv. 2 Education === |
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+====Free speech restrictions prevent colleges from doing what they were made to do: namely, to educate tomorrow’s innovators, leaders, and activists. ==== |
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+**Snyder 16** , Jeffrey Aaron, "Free Speech? Now That’s Offensive!" Inside Higher Ed, September 1, 2016. |
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+The Gallup survey… by its critics? |
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+analytics |
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+====Empirics prove that banning bigoted speech or acts doesn’t work. ==== |
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+**Malik 12** , Kenan, "Why hate speech should not be banned," April 12, 2012. |
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+And in practice, … hate speech is involved. |
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+ |
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+====The University is no longer open- it controls what knowledge can be disseminated- this is a new form of intolerance that has replaced previous intolerances- this prevents creating the best knowledge possible by limiting discussion and preventing idea exchange- this leads to extremity, polarization, and hinders politics, decision-making, and societal progress==== |
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+**Nelson 15 **Nelson, Libby. Education Reporter Reporting on and explaining education. Previously: POLITICO Pro, Inside Higher Ed. Originally: Northwestern and Kansas City. "Obama on Liberal College Students Who Want to Be "coddled": "That's Not the Way We Learn"" Vox. Vox Media, Inc, 14 Sept. 2015. Web. 23 June 2016. http://www.vox.com/2015/9/14/9326965/obama-political-correctness. |
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+DES MOINES, Iowa —… , is all about." |