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+**Morality seeks to guide to action, to do so, ethics must appeal our individual experience to confer value upon it. POOLE ’99:** |
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+Poole, Ross. “Nation and Identity.” Book, Routledge. 1999. Page 42. |
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+Moral claims are...who we are. |
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+ |
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+**1 Facticity fails – humanity is defined by a freedom that allows us to define ourselves past empirical circumstances. DE BEAUVOIR ’48:** |
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+Simon de Beauvoir. “The Ethics of Ambiguity.” Lyle stuart Inc. 1948. Translated by Bernard Frechtman. LHP MK |
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+The failure described...to will itself. |
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+ |
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+**2 Transcendence fails – it can’t account for the intricate nature of the empirical world, and since our epistemic faculties are limited, we can’t know if transcendence is itself self-justified. BENHABIB ’86:** |
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+Benhabib, Seyla. "The Generalized and the Concrete Other: The Kohlberg-Gilligan Controversy and Feminist Theory." Praxis International. 1986. Pg. 38-60. |
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+It is no...or “unlike” yours. |
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+**The only way to understand identity or morality is through the individual confrontation with transcendent principles through factic contexts. CROWELL ’16:** |
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+Crowell, Steven. “Existentialism.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Spring 2016. LHP MK |
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+Another term for...appeal to values. |
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+ |
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+**This allows for the optimum balance of individual abstraction within the empirical world. WEBSTER ’11:** |
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+Webster, Scott. “Existentialism: Providing an ideal framework for educational research in times of uncertainty.” Monash University. Faculty of Education. 3/6/2011. LHP MK |
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+Individual freedom can...a daunting challenge. |
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+**Any useful pedagogy necessitates justification through practices of radical freedom. WEBSTER 2:** |
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+Webster, Scott. “Existentialism: Providing an ideal framework for educational research in times of uncertainty.” Monash University. Faculty of Education. 3/6/2011. LHP MK |
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+The existential framework...an existential approach. |
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+ |
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+**An affirmation of radical freedom comes prior to any understanding of value – moral value is legitimized by our ability to disobey it. CROWE:** |
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+Crowe, Jonathan. “Explaining Natural Rights: Ontological Freedom and the Foundations of Political Discourse.” New York University Journal of Law and Liberty. LHP MK |
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+It is tempting...ontological self-image. |
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+**Vote aff:** |
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+**Speech always lacks a secure ground that concludes in radical freedom’s necessity. GERSHBERG ’08 explains with the analogy of a parlor:** |
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+Gershberg, Zachary. “A Rhetoric of Existentialism.” Louisiana State University, Department of Communication Studies. December 2008. LHP MK |
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+This sentiment reflects...starts from there. |
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+**It assumes a transcendental framing that’s incompatible with any practice of radical freedom. GERSHBERG 2:** |
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+Gershberg, Zachary. “A Rhetoric of Existentialism.” Louisiana State University, Department of Communication Studies. December 2008. (Ellipses and brackets were originally there). LHP MK |
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+A consistent theme...of edifying rhetoric. |