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+**FRAMEWORK** |
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+**Identity is normative - agents act off of what’s endowed off their identity - someone isn’t obligated to jump in a house to put out a fire unless they’re a fire fighter. Identity exists through structures of recognition - norms that recognize particular subjects and define the subject. BUTLER ’92:** |
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+(Judith Butler. 1992. “Continent Foundations: Feminism and the Question of “Postmodernism” Feminists Theorize the Political) |
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+In a sense...to politics itself. |
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+ |
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+**Identity exists in communities that inherently discriminate - forming them and differentiating from the other** |
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+**Our alterity with the other is undecidable ~-~-- we can’t know what the other wills since their perspective is epistemically inaccessible. There’s always the capacity for us to misunderstand the other ~-~-- any account of them undermines how they view themselves. YOUNG ’97:** |
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+Young, Iris Marion. “Intersecting Voices: Dilemmas of Gender, Political Philosophy, and Policy.” 1997. LHP MK |
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+Benhabib appeals to...moral judgment involves. |
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+ |
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+**Inability to understand the other's motive makes life precarious - we're vulnerable to their judgement and our world view can shift** |
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+ |
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+**Precariousness and our vulnerability to the other frames ethics ~-~-- it conditions how we enter vulnerable ethical relations. This reaffirms social relations that inherently discriminate ~-~-- different identities are intelligible based on what’s understood as true from what others tell us. The dependency on sociality means identities have to satisfy the social conditions established to be recognized within the community. BUTLER 2:** |
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+Judith. Frames of War: When Is Life Grievable? London: Verso, 2009. Print. End of intro pages 24-32. LHP MK |
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+The precarity of...of its effects. |
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+ |
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+**This structure of recognition is created by social norms which discriminate between different approaches to identity to warrant that some require mourning while others don’t. I don’t see some pure understanding of the other, I isolate particular features which are socially constructed ~-~-- grievability nullifies the value of individuals based off their identity, valuing some over others. BUTLER 3:** |
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+Judith. Frames of War: When Is Life Grievable? London: Verso, 2009. Print. End of intro pages 24-32. LHP MK |
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+We read about...from the start. |
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+ |
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+**Thus the standard and role of the ballot is to endorse the advocacy that best renders ungrievable lives grievable. The structures that render some lives grievable aren’t static ~-~-- they require reproduction, by refusing to reiterate normative frames that render life ungrievable, we reconstruct them. BUTLER 4:** |
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+Judith. Frames of War: When Is Life Grievable? London: Verso, 2009. Print. End of intro pages 24-32. LHP MK |
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+“Although precarious life...intervention as well.” |
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+ |
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+**Prefer independently ~-~-- prior to addressing what oppression is, we need to first understand that oppressed lives are valuable, otherwise movements against oppression get co-opted by sociality. BUTLER 5:** |
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+ Judith. Frames of War: When Is Life Grievable? London: Verso, 2009. Print. End of intro pages 24-32. LHP MK |
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+The epistemological capacity...recognized as lives. |
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+ |
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+**Impact calc:** |
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+**1 No link consequentialism ~-~-- the question isn’t how you distribute or solve for harms, rather their frames. BUTLER 6:** |
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+Butler, Judith. Frames of War: When Is Life Grievable? London: Verso, 2009. Print. End of intro pages 24-32. LHP MK |
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+We have decided...allocate recognition differentially. |
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+ |
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+**2 There’s no pre-post fiat distinction for framework. I ethically justified my framework so the judge has pre fiat obligation to endorse it to promote ethical thought, otherwise debate would become a training ground for ethically bankrupt thinkers without empathy for real-world problems. KOH AND NIEMI:** |
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+“A Call for Polyvocal Debate.” Benjamin Koh and Rebar Niemi. |
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+Debate is foundationally...breaking those rules. |
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+ |
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+**CONTENTION** |
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+ |
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+**Casualties from nuclear power are forgone to maintain profitability ~-~-- rendering those lost ungrievable. BENEDICT ’11.** |
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+Kennette Benedict. "The Banality of Death by Nuclear Power.” The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. October 2011. LHP SG |
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+Scientists estimate that...the next Fukushima? |
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+ |
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+**In Japan, nuclear plants are placed in rural communities. Their adverse effects are ignored in the name of economic productivity ~-~-- making those harmed ungrievable. ONISHI ’11.** |
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+Fackler, Martin and Onishi, Norimitsu. “In Japan, a Culture That Promotes Nuclear Dependency.” May 30, 2011. New York Times. LHP MK |
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+KASHIMA, Japan — When...a nuclear plant?” |
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+ |
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+**Thus the plan: The national government of Japan will prohibit the production of nuclear power. CCNE ’13:** |
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+Citizens’ Commission on Nuclear Energy, Organization Aiming at Fundamental Reform of Nuclear Energy Policy, “Our path to a nuclear-free Japan: an interim report Executive Summary,” October 2013 LHP MK |
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+Given the Fukushima...with energy policies. |
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+ |
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+**Vote aff to reject the nuclear establishment’s needs over those of minorities ~-~-- the justification of nuke power as scientific progress has rendered those harmed ungrievable. GEGEN:** |
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+Gegen Standpunkt “Nuclear energy as a weapon in the imperialist competition between states.” No Date. http://www.ruthlesscriticism.com/nuclearenergy.htm LHP MK |
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+It is now clear:...similar to war. |
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+ |
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+**Outweighs:** |
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+ |
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+**1 Ban (a) Symbolically (b) unequal power relation. GUNTER '16:** |
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+Linda Pentz Gunter, 2-25-2016, "The Great Fukushima Nuclear Cover-Up. The Power of Propaganda," Global Research, http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-great-fukushima-nuclear-cover-up-the-power-of-propaganda/5510169 LHP SG |
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+The confusion surrounding...local public services. |
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+ |
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+**2 Specific social relations more specific to framework, better strength of link.** |