Summary

• Objects (1 modified, 1 added, 0 removed)
  • Caselist.CitesClass[31]
  • Caselist.CitesClass[32]

Details

Caselist.CitesClass[31]

EntryDate

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1		-2016-09-17 14:33:54.803
	1	+2016-09-17 14:33:54.0

Caselist.CitesClass[32]

Cites

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	1	+Interpretation: Prohibitions on production must mandate a decrease in the quantity produced
	2	+Anell 89
	3	+Chairman, WTO panel
	4	+ "To examine, in the light of the relevant GATT provisions, the matter referred to the
	5	+CONTRACTING PARTIES by the United States in document L/6445 and to make such findings as will assist the CONTRACTING PARTIES in making the recommendations or in giving the rulings provided for in Article XXIII:2." 3. On 3 April 1989, the Council was informed that agreement had been reached on the following composition of the Panel (C/164): Composition Chairman: Mr. Lars E.R. Anell Members: Mr. Hugh W. Bartlett Mrs. Carmen Luz Guarda CANADA - IMPORT RESTRICTIONS ON ICE CREAM AND YOGHURT Report of the Panel adopted at the Forty-fifth Session of the CONTRACTING PARTIES on 5 December 1989 (L/6568 - 36S/68)
	6	+http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/88icecrm.pdf
	7	+The United States argued that Canada had failed to demonstrate that it effectively restricted domestic production of milk. The differentiation between "fluid" and "industrial" milk was an artificial one for administrative purposes; with regard to GATT obligations, the product at issue was raw milk from the cow, regardless of what further use was made of it. The use of the word "permitted" in Article XI:2(c)(i) required that there be a limitation on the total quantity of milk that domestic producers were authorized or allowed to produce or sell. The provincial controls on fluid milk did not restrict the quantities permitted to be produced; rather dairy farmers could produce and market as much milk as could be sold as beverage milk or table cream. There were no penalties for delivering more than a farmer's fluid milk quota, it was only if deliveries exceeded actual fluid milk usage or sales that it counted against his industrial milk quota. At least one province did not participate in this voluntary system, and another province had considered leaving it. Furthermore, Canada did not even prohibit the production or sale of milk that exceeded the Market Share Quota. The method used to calculate direct support payments on within-quota deliveries assured that most dairy farmers would completely recover all of their fixed and variable costs on their within-quota deliveries. The farmer was permitted to produce and market milk in excess of the quota, and perhaps had an economic incentive to do so. 27. The United States noted that in the past six years total industrial milk production had consistently exceeded the established Market Sharing Quota, and concluded that the Canadian system was a regulation of production but not a restriction of production. Proposals to amend Article XI:2(c)(i) to replace the word "restrict" with "regulate" had been defeated; what was required was the reduction of production. The results of the econometric analyses cited by Canada provided no indication of what would happen to milk production in the absence not only of the production quotas, but also of the accompanying high price guarantees which operated as incentives to produce. According to the official publication of the Canadian Dairy Commission, a key element of Canada's national dairy policy was to promote self-sufficiency in milk production. The effectiveness of the government supply controls had to be compared to what the situation would be in the absence of all government measures.
	8	+
	9	+Limits
	10	+Ground

EntryDate

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	1	+2016-09-17 14:33:55.891

Judge

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	1	+John Sims

Opponent

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	1	+Cedar Park MT

ParentRound

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	1	+11

Round

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	1	+1

Team

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	1	+La Canada Zhao Neg

Title

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	1	+SEPOCT - T - Prohibition

Tournament

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	1	+Greenhill