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... ... @@ -1,30 +1,0 @@ 1 -====Courts have high burdens now and they're on the brink – unmanageable workloads are increasingly becoming the norm, preventing judges from processing litigation.==== 2 -Bannon '13 3 -Bannon, Alicia. "Testimony: More Judges Needed in Federal Courts." Brennan Center for Justice. New York University School of Law, 10 Sept. 2013. Web. 30 Nov. 2016. https://www.brennancenter.org/analysis/testimony-federal-courts-need-more-judges. ~~Serves as counsel for the Brennan Center's Democracy Program, where her work focuses on judicial selection and promoting fair and impartial courts. Also previously served as a Liman Fellow and Counsel in the Brennan Center's Justice Program. J.D. from Yale Law School in 2007, where she was a Comments Editor of the Yale Law Journal.~~ 4 -"While the current high level of judicial vacancies partially explains this high per- 5 -AND 6 -2013, so as to ensure the continued vitality of our federal courts." 7 - 8 - 9 -====Qualified immunity as it is now is essential – it holds back a flood of litigation. Their limitation of qualified immunity substantially increases burdens.==== 10 -Putnam and Ferris '92 11 -Putnam, Charles T., and Charles T. Ferris. "Defending a Maligned Defense: The Policy Bases of the Qualified Immunity Defense In Actions Under 42 U.S.C. § 1983." Bridgeport Law Review 12.3 (1992): 665-713. HeinOnline. Quinnipiac University. Web. 30 Nov. 2016. http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/qlr12anddiv=6andid=andpage=. ~~Putnam is a Senior Assistant Attorney General for New Hampshire, and Ferris has a JD from Franklin Pierce Law Center.~~ 12 -"National resources are obviously scarce, yet increasing numbers of section 1983 actions are 13 -AND 14 -thus an important safety measure for both the courts and defendants facing suit." 15 - 16 - 17 -====Overburdening swells dockets and expansion won't be able to keep up, leading to collapse of the federal judiciary.==== 18 -Oakley '96 19 -Oakley, John B. "The Myth of Cost-Free Jurisdictional Reallocation." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 543 (1996): 52-63. JSTOR. American Academy of Political and Social Science, 1996. Web. 30 Nov. 2016. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1048447. ~~Distinguished Professor of Law Emeritus US Davis School of Law~~ 20 -"Personal effects: The hidden costs of greater workloads. The hallmark of federal 21 -AND 22 -would raise the most serious questions of the future course of the nation." 23 - 24 - 25 -====Collapse of the judiciary puts severely undercuts separation of powers, which destroys accountability and paves the way for unaccountable governmental actions (such as war).==== 26 -Adler and George '96 27 -Adler, David Gray, and Larry Nelson George. The Constitution and Conduct of American Foreign Policy. Lawrence, Kansas: U of Kansas, 1996. Web. 1 Dec. 2016. 28 -"The structure of shared powers in foreign relations serves to deter the abuse of 29 -AND 30 -in comparison to those of the American people and their representatives in Congress." - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,53 +1,0 @@ 1 -====The 1AC's attempt to hold state agents (like the police) accountable is futile. The State always wants to maintain power. The State is constantly arresting what Deleuze and Guattari call "lines of flight," or possible connections between two things. It does this by "territorializing," or placing restrictions and control. The State is not one to give up this control easily and will always reassert mechanisms of control.==== 2 -**Deleuze and Guattari 1** 3 -Deleuze, Gilles, and Pierre-Félix Guattari. A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism 4 -AND 5 -which only reinforced the connection between commerce and the war machine.64" 6 - 7 - 8 -====State violence is "smooth" – there are no beginnings or ends, no boundaries or borders, no starts or stops – there is only an omnipresent violence which simply is.==== 9 -**Deleuze and Guattari 2** 10 -Deleuze, Gilles, and Pierre-Félix Guattari. A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota, 1987. Print. (Pages 352-353) 11 -"Let us take a limited example and compare the war machine and the State 12 -AND 13 -elsewhere . ..). Another justice, another movement, another space-time." 14 - 15 - 16 -====The operation of the State is even more heinous than that of war. Not only is the slaughter of war encapsulated in the machinations of the State, the State mutilates our existence and pushes a living death upon us in order to arrest our potentiality for production.==== 17 -**Deleuze and Guattari 3** 18 -Deleuze, Gilles, and Pierre-Félix Guattari. A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota, 1987. Print. (Pages 424-425) 19 -"Let us return to Dumezil's theses: (1) Political sovereignty has two 20 -AND 21 -, the congenitally infirm, the one-eyed and one-armed." 22 - 23 - 24 -====This appropriation of the war machine by the State institutes an economy of violence, making it unlimited. This turns the case – their arguments attempting to break free of violent cycles only play into their re-creation.==== 25 -**Deleuze and Guattari 4** 26 -Deleuze, Gilles, and Pierre-Félix Guattari. A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota, 1987. Print. (Pages 395-396) 27 -"Second, weapons and tools do not 'tendentially' (approximately) have the 28 -AND 29 -; he abstracts the idea of the motor, applying it to himself." 30 - 31 - 32 -====The micro-social is key to disrupting the hegemonic discourse of the status quo. The youth is able to singularize and take control of a space in order to stage an ethico-political revolt. The judge must be a catalyst to these thoughts. The role of the judge is to embrace an abstract methodology – we must find something which can lead us to individualized solutions to infinitely unique problems.==== 33 -**Guattari 2k** 34 -Guattari, Pierre-Félix. The Three Ecologies. London: Athlone, 2000. Print. (Pages 33-34) 35 -"As for young people, although they are crushed by the dominant economic relations 36 -AND 37 -, as much on a microsocial level as on a larger institutional scale." 38 - 39 - 40 -====They'll try to condemn our abstraction, yet they don't distinguish between material and ideological abstraction. Their methodologies, just as any State methodologies, belie notions of power – power which makes abstract totalizations in order to control the masses. Embracing ideological abstraction is key to formulate specific solutions to localized problems. This is especially important now, when a politicized pedagogy will call upon educators to police thought. Thus, the role of the ballot is to endorse micro-political rejections of oppression.==== 41 -**Deleuze '72** 42 -Deleuze, Gilles. "Intellectuals and Power: A Conversation between Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze." Libcom.org. Libcom.org, 9 Sept. 2006. Web. 20 Nov. 2016. https://libcom.org/library/intellectuals-power-a-conversation-between-michel-foucault-and-gilles-deleuze. 43 -"On the basis of our actual situation, power emphatically develops a total or 44 -AND 45 -of information carried by the Agence de Press Liberation (7).'" 46 - 47 - 48 -====Thus, we embark upon the schizoanalytic journey of the alternative. That is, we cast away presuppositions and embrace the ability to deterritorialize ourselves. We refuse to seek solutions which only throw us back into the arms of the State. We embrace "becoming," which is framed in the context of the "body without organs," which is the plane of ultimate deterritorialization where no restrictions have been placed on our potential. This allows us to break down a racist system which perpetuates racism and allows us to fundamentally understand the Other, resolving the disparities of knowledge that enable racism.==== 49 -**Ibrahim '15** 50 -Ibrahim, Awad. "Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 36.1 (2015): 13-26. Taylor and Francis Online. Taylor and Francis Group, 27 Mar. 2014. Web. 22 Nov. 2016. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01434632.2014.892498?journalCode=rmmm20. ~~Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa. Ph.D., Curriculum Theory / Educational Foundations, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto. Awad Ibrahim is Full Professor. Curriculum Theorist with special interest in cultural studies, Hip-Hop, youth and Black popular culture, social foundations (i.e., philosophy, history and sociology of education), social justice and community service learning, diasporic and continental African identities, ethnography and applied linguistics. He has researched and published widely in these areas. Has ongoing projects in Morocco, Sudan and the United States. His immediate projects include an ethnography of an inner city high school in Ottawa and a project on the daily struggle of 'becoming citizen' in Canada. Books include: The Rhizome of Blackness: A critical ethnography of Hip-Hop culture, language, identity and the politics of becoming (Peter Lang, 2014); Critical Youth studies: A reader (with Shirley Steinberg; Peter Lang, 2014); The education of African Canadian children: Critical perspectives (with Ali Abdi; in progress); Provoking curriculum studies: Strong poetry and the arts of the possible (with Nicholas Ng-A-Fook and Giuliano Reis; Routledge, in progress) and Global Linguistic Flows: Hip-Hop Cultures, Youth Identities, and the Politics of Language (with Samy Alim and Alastair Pennycook, Routledge, 2009).~~ 51 -"Juxtaposing the two rhizomes of BswO and CRT, I want to create a 52 -AND 53 -human dignity and claim a Canadianness that is conscious of its own limits." - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,38 +1,0 @@ 1 -====Text: The affirmative's actor will expand the "fighting words" doctrine to include hate speech.==== 2 -Finegan '91 is the solvency advocate 3 -Finegan, Susan M. "Anti-Harrassment Disciplinary Policies: A Violation of First Amendment Rights on the Public University Campus?" Boston College Third World Law Journal 11.1 (1991): 107-35. Boston College Journal of Law and Social Justice. Boston College. Web. 5 Jan. 2017. http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1305andcontext=twlj. 4 -"Other commentators have also tried to reconcile these two commitments, free speech and 5 -AND 6 -, if not the letter, of existing first amendment doctrine.'205 " 7 - 8 - 9 -====Hate speech causes a pervasive mindset shift that makes minority groups structurally unwelcome in society.==== 10 -Fish 1 11 -Fish, Stanley. "The Harm in Free Speech." The New York Times. The New York Times, 04 June 2012. Web. 05 Jan. 2017. http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/04/the-harm-in-free-speech/?_r=1. ~~Visiting professor, Yeshiva University School of Law.~~ 12 -"But harms to dignity, he contends, involve more than the giving of 13 -AND 14 -to the effects speech freely uttered might have on the fabric of society." 15 - 16 - 17 -====Hate speech directly produces harm – if the affirmative ignores this, they're a part of ivory tower academia.==== 18 -Fish 2 19 -Fish, Stanley. "The Harm in Free Speech." The New York Times. The New York Times, 04 June 2012. Web. 05 Jan. 2017. http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/04/the-harm-in-free-speech/?_r=1. ~~Visiting professor, Yeshiva University School of Law.~~ 20 -"Notice that here ~~we~~ (and elsewhere in the book), Waldron 21 -AND 22 -arguments of this book, however; they hit the mark every time." 23 - 24 - 25 -====Hate speech intimidates victims of hate crimes, preventing recourse.==== 26 -McElwee 1 27 -McElwee, Sean. "The Case for Censoring Hate Speech." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 4 July 2013. Web. 05 Jan. 2017. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sean-mcelwee/hate-speech-online_b_3620270.html. 28 -"The negative impacts of hate speech cannot be mitigated by the responses of third 29 -AND 30 -dialogue must be held at least partially responsible for our larger rape culture." 31 - 32 - 33 -====Hate speech prevents minority groups from accessing free speech, which straight turns the AC.==== 34 -McElwee 2 35 -McElwee, Sean. "The Case for Censoring Hate Speech." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 4 July 2013. Web. 05 Jan. 2017. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sean-mcelwee/hate-speech-online_b_3620270.html. 36 -"Those who claim to 'defend free speech' when they defend the right to 37 -AND 38 -misogyny is pervasive. I encountered this when browsing /r/funny." - EntryDate
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