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... ... @@ -1,106 +1,0 @@ 1 -NUCLEAR COLONIALISM 1AC 2 - 3 -Part 1: The Trail of Tears 4 - 5 -WELCOME TO THE 1800s, A WORLD RULED BY THE LOGIC OF THE SETTLER. VIOLENCE PLAGUED NATIVE AMERICAN COMMUNITIES, WITH THE WHITE MAN LINING UP HIS GUN, FIRING AT WILL AS HE FORCED THE SAVAGE TO LEAVE. SADLY, THE EFFECTS OF THIS GENOCIDE HAVE YET TO END, WITH THE WHITE MAN STILL TRYING TO ASSIMILATE THAT WHICH HE CANNOT UNDERSTAND. 6 -Poupart ‘03 7 -Poupart, Lisa M. "The familiar face of genocide: Internalized oppression among American Indians." Hypatia 18.2 (2003): 86-100. 8 -American Indians have suffered from systematic genocide within Western society, in the forms of 9 -AND 10 -both forced upon and accepted by American Indians, we define ourselves through these. 11 - 12 -Indigenous populations remain open to violence today—this time they stare not down the barrel of a gun, but rather, at barrels of uranium being mined on their land. This new form of genocide is nuclear colonialism. 13 -Endres ‘09 14 -Endres, Danielle. The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies. Routledge. 17 February 2009.//KOHS-AG 15 -Before attending to the rhetorical nature of nuclear colonialism, it is important to emphasize 16 -AND 17 -people living near tailing piles at a high risk for lung cancer.10 18 - 19 -And, the damage done to indigenous bodies is an affront to their sovereignty—the USFG views Native populations as disposable tools 20 -Endres 2 21 -Endres, Danielle. The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies. Routledge. 17 February 2009.//KOHS-AG 22 -The present form of colonialism in the US is what Al Gedicks has called resource 23 -AND 24 -its technopolitical success.’’28 Nuclear colonialism is a tale of resource colonialism. 25 - 26 -Part 2: Sovereignty 27 - 28 -Plan text: American Indian groups in conjunction with the United States federal government ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power. 29 - 30 -The 1AC is a shift in orientation—it reclaims the land and traditions that had been commodified so long ago 31 -Endres 3 32 -Endres, Danielle. The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies. Routledge. 17 February 2009.//KOHS-AG 33 -As we build scholarship on the rhetoric of (nuclear) colonialism, it will 34 -AND 35 -possibilities of voice and the instances of voice that emerge from nuclear colonialism. 36 - 37 -Indigenous resistance challenges the myth of America’s authority—history proves 38 -Endres 4 39 -Endres, Danielle. The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies. Routledge. 17 February 2009.//KOHS-AG 40 -American Indian resistance is an important part of the story of to nuclear 41 -AND 42 -critical test (Divine Strake) proposed for the NTS in June 2006. 43 - 44 -Nuclear colonialism is discursively legitimized—our orientation shapes our policies 45 -Endres 5 46 -Endres, Danielle. The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies. Routledge. 17 February 2009.//KOHS-AG 47 -Colonialism in all its forms is dependent on the discursive apparatus that sustains it. 48 -AND 49 -is always defined as dependent on and subordinate to the US federal government. 50 - 51 -The 1AC is a redefinition of sovereignty—we challenge the discursive product the USFG has created 52 -Endres 6 53 -Endres, Danielle. The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies. Routledge. 17 February 2009.//KOHS-AG 54 -American Indian arguments against the site, on the other hand, are the most 55 -AND 56 -negation, or silence, we are told, is never complete.’’82 57 - 58 -The aff is a try or die—exclusion of Native Americans is inevitable absent our stance against nuclear colonialism—coalitions formed through the aff are key 59 -Endres 7 60 -Endres, Danielle. The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies. Routledge. 17 February 2009.//KOHS-AG 61 -My exploration of the rhetoric of nuclear colonialism also suggests that colonial practices and discourse 62 -AND 63 -Environmental injustices often go unnoticed unless activists rise up to challenge the injustices. 64 - 65 -Part 3: Classroom 66 - 67 -The ROJ: To be a critical educator, focused on the liberation of the oppressed. We should orient debate rounds towards the creation of strategies for change. 68 -Giroux ‘06 69 -Henry A. America on the edge: Henry Giroux on politics, culture, and education. Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. 70 -The National Association of Urban Debate Leagues (UDLs) represents a promising, innovative 71 -AND 72 -in ways that demonstrate political conviction, civic courage, and collective responsibility. 73 - 74 -Scholarship to reject colonialism has always been sidelined by whiteness—it’s time to disrupt the idea of the settler in this space. Thus, the ROB: To vote for the debater who best methodologically combats settler colonialism. 75 -Tuck and Fernandez ’13 76 -(EVE TUCK and RUBÉN A. GAZTAMBIDE-FERNÁNDEZ, “Curriculum, Replacement, and Settler Futurity,” Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2013, p. 72-89) 77 -Natty Bumppo, not savage, and no longer European, is positioned to claim 78 -AND 79 -been sidelined and reappropriated in ways that reinscribe settler colonialism and settler futurity. 80 - 81 -Focus on material conditions—abstraction desensitizes us from the realities of oppression and fails to account for concrete realities 82 -Curry ‘14 83 -Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14, “The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century”//KOHS-AG 84 -Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real 85 -AND 86 -used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters. 87 - 88 -Existential risk scenarios are used to allow structural violence to continue—they are an abstraction 89 -Omalade ‘84 90 -Barbara. "Hearts of darkness." Words of fire: An anthology of African-American feminist thought (1995): 362-378. Barbera, works with the City College Center for Worker Education in New YorK City, has been a historian of black women for the past twenty years and an organizer in both the women's and civil rights/black power movements PESH AK 91 -As women of color, who are warriors in continual struggle to reclaim our lands 92 -AND 93 -, imperialism, cultural integrity, and housing? Who will stand up? 94 - 95 -Big stick impacts ignore the war fought against oppressed bodies—genocidal extinction occurs with every additional barrel of nuclear waste 96 -Ostler ‘15 97 -Ostler, Jeffrey. "Genocide and American Indian History." American History: Oxford Research Encyclopedias. 2015-03-02. Oxford University Press. Date of access 20 Jul. 2016, andlt;http://americanhistory.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.001.0001/acrefore-9780199329175-e-3andgt; 98 -As they had done in earlier periods in U.S. history, after 99 -AND 100 -thus revealing a disposition to regard all American Indian as deserving of extermination. 101 - 102 -Part 4: Rules of Engagement 103 - 104 -1) Aff gets RVIs—we should be held to our visions of debate—that’s k2 advocacy skills, because otherwise we can just kick out of positions if there’s contestation—advocacy skills comes first as per the ROJ 105 - 106 -2) Interps must be checked in CX—that’s k2 preventing friv theory, allowing for more discussion of issues within the 1AC - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,78 +1,0 @@ 1 -===Part 1 is the Framework=== 2 - 3 - 4 -====The debate space is a discursive space designed for the negotiation of the subject and how we, as subjects, interact with structures that shape our identity and create the conditions for violence. ==== 5 -Sarroub and Quadros 15 Sarroub, Loukia K. and Quadros, Sabrina, "Critical Pedagogy in Classroom Discourse" (2015). Faculty Publications: Department of Teaching, Learning and Teacher Education. Paper 156. Pg 252 6 -The classroom is a unique discursive space for the enactment of critical pedagogy. In 7 -AND 8 -the ideological and material conditions that contribute to sites of domination and struggle. 9 - 10 - 11 -====This means that the ontology of the subject is key, embracing an ontological state of becoming is a prerequisite to the determination of the ethical and political character of the subject which dictates how that subject engages with the world ==== 12 -Shudak 14 Shudak, Nicholas J. "The Re-Emergence of Critical Pedagogy: A Three-Dimensional Framework for Teacher Education in the Age of Teacher Effectiveness" Creative Education, 2014, 5, pg 995. 13 -Regarding ontology, Freire is quite clear. According to Freire, there are two 14 -AND 15 -one grade level to the next and from one teacher to the next. 16 - 17 - 18 -====The Role of the Ballot is to thus embrace a pedagogy of world opening, creating the opportunity for students to engage with signatures that allow for them to connect with the world and develop their ontologies. Vote for the best praxis that aligns itself with allowing the world and, its signifiers, to be open and clear to us. ==== 19 -Riley 11 Riley, Dawn (Education Studies Department, Skidmore College) p 805 "Heidegger Teaching: An analysis and interpretation of pedagogy" Educational Philosophy and Theory,Vol. 43, No. 8, 2011 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2009.00549.x 20 -Because learning begins with being-in-the-world and depends upon sensitivity 21 -AND 22 -. It is these ways that confer meaning for the engagement of learning. 23 - 24 - 25 -====This entails a detachment of those things that create a separation of ourselves towards the world, this is a precondition for our configuration of ethics and the world around us. Continuously rejecting forms of technology that conceal the world from our Being. ==== 26 -**Rojcewicz 1 06** (Richard Rojcewicz, Philosophy at Point Park College in Pittsburgh, The Gods And Technology: A Reading Of Heidegger, 2006, Kindle Edition. Kindle 578) 27 -In the final analysis, then, what exactly is Heidegger recommending to ward off 28 -AND 29 -creatively if we are to imitate art in our everyday dealings with things. 30 - 31 - 32 -====Predictions are governed by calculative thinking— these predivtive models are subject to agendas that culminate in securitization and concealment - We gesture towards meditative thought, a patient approach to the world, simply trying to understand the world ==== 33 -**Swazo** ‘02Swazo 2002 (Norman Swazo, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, Crisis Theory and World Order: Heideggerian Reflections, pp. 73-74) 34 -In a memorial address delivered in 1955 in commemoration of composer Conradin Kreutzer, Heidegger 35 -AND 36 -ontology be stated in broad outline. For this I turn to Heidegger. 37 - 38 - 39 -====My affirmative endorses a new existential meta-physics – only through addressing the underlying thoughts of our social formations can we address material harms.==== 40 -**Niemoczynski**, Leon. "21ST CENTURY SPECULATIVE PHILOSOPHY: REFLECTIONS ON THE "NEW METAPHYSICS" AND ITS REALISM AND MATERIALISM" Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy, vol. 9, no. 2, 2013 41 - 42 -Truth, therefore, as exposed by the power of reason, becomes 43 -AND 44 -somehow required within the edifice of reality and knowledge that is the world. 45 - 46 - 47 -===Part 2 Is Offense === 48 - 49 - 50 -====I advocate that countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power. ==== 51 - 52 - 53 -====The Modern Era of energy policy concerns with a politics of systematic ordering of things with the sole purpose of exploitation, this ordering takes the natural world and imports an ontological value upon it that alters the way that it unconceals itself towards us==== 54 -Schalow 2006 (Frank Schalow, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of New Orleans. The Incarnality of Being: The Earth, Animals, and the Body in Heidegger’s Thought, pg. 96-97) 55 -Can we classify Heidegger as an ecologist, or even as a protoecologist? This 56 -AND 57 -, or better yet, the orderability of what is to be seized. 58 - 59 - 60 -====The nuclear age is particularly characterized by the danger of importing an ontological form on nature, this risks our connection with the natural world and conceals us from the essential truth nature has to offer. ==== 61 -**Kokubun**, Koichiro, Associate Professor @ Takasaki City University of Economics. "Philosiphy in the Atomic Age" May 30, 2013. Pp 4-5 62 -Heidegger had great insight into the potential danger of the nuclear power, which is 63 -AND 64 -of controlling ~~...~~ betrays the inability of human beings to overcome this power" 65 - 66 - 67 -====This essence of the technological risks a framing of the subject that leads to an objectification and disclosive praxis that eliminates the unconcealment of the other and the self. This leaves humanity subject to objectification and categorization rooted in a frame that perceives the subject as a standing reserve. ==== 68 -**Rojcewicz 2 6** (Richard Rojcewicz, philosophy at point park college in Pittsburgh, The Gods and Technology: a Reading of Heidegger, kindle edition. kindle locations 944-969, 2006) 69 -Heidegger now launches an extended discussion of the danger inherent in modern technology. 70 -AND 71 -the earth," and yet their self-blindness would make them slaves. 72 - 73 - 74 -====Technological rational leads endless constructions of nihilistic approaches to life.==== 75 -**Herman,** Professor of History, George Mason, 1997 (Arthur, THE IDEA OF DECLINE IN WESTERN HISTORY, p.337.) SVK 76 -According to Heidegger, the Western rational animal had evolved into the mechanical laboring animal 77 -AND 78 -that he may tear himself to pieces and annihilate himself in empty nothingness." - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,229 +1,0 @@ 1 -==Advantages == 2 - 3 - 4 -===Inherency=== 5 - 6 - 7 -====Iran’s pursuit of nuclear weapons has ceased in light of the nuclear deal==== 8 - 9 -=====Sanger ‘16===== 10 -David E. Sanger, 7-13-2016, "Iran Sticks to Terms of Nuclear Deal, but Defies the U.S. in Other Ways," New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/14/world/middleeast/iran-nuclear-deal.html//KOHS-AG 11 -WASHINGTON — A year after President Obama’s nuclear deal with Iran, the worst predictions 12 -AND 13 -Tel Aviv, "and greatly reduced the threat over the longer term." 14 - 15 - 16 -====And, the root cause of Iran’s desire to proliferate is Israeli aggression and nuclear power—addressing these concerns is key==== 17 - 18 -=====Fisher ‘15===== 19 -Max Fisher, 2-25-2015, "The real reasons Iran is so committed to its nuclear program," Vox, http://www.vox.com/2015/2/25/8101383/iran-nuclear-reasons 20 -"Tehran wanted to guard against a future surprise analogous to Iraq's repeated use of 21 -AND 22 -want a nuclear deterrent, which only makes the US threaten more strenuously. 23 - 24 - 25 -===Advantage 1: Meltdown=== 26 - 27 - 28 -====Meltdown of the Dimona reactor is inevitable==== 29 - 30 -=====Levinsonn ‘16===== 31 -Chaim Levinson Apr 26, 2016 9, 4-26-2016, "Israel's Dimona nuclear reactor plagued by 1,537 defects, scientists say," Haaretz, http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.716312 32 -An innovative ultrasound examination has show~~ed~~n signs of 1,537 33 -AND 34 -the past and requires safety checks each time as well as various permits. 35 - 36 - 37 -====Meltdown causes extinction==== 38 - 39 -=====Lendman ‘11===== 40 -Stephen, Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization,** ** 41 -03/ 13/11, "Nuclear Meltdown in Japan,", The People’s Voice http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan 42 -Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake caused $100 billion in damage, up to 43 -AND 44 -entire region. "It could be, literally, an apocalyptic event. 45 - 46 - 47 -===Advantage 2: Stability (1:15)=== 48 - 49 - 50 -====Arabian instability is building now—border escalation proves==== 51 - 52 -=====Crooke 7-6===== 53 -Alastair Crooke (Fmr. MI-6 agent; Author, ‘Resistance: The Essence of Islamic Revolution’), 7-6-2016, "Is Israel Preparing for War Against Hezbollah?," Huffington Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alastair-crooke/israel-war-hezbollah'b'10829902.html 54 -BEIRUT — How does Israel read the Middle East these days? Few details on 55 -AND 56 -in this respect. Israel does not want Iranian troops at its border. 57 - 58 - 59 -====Israeli nuclear power escalates tensions—causes prolif==== 60 - 61 -=====Abuzayyad ‘10===== 62 -Ziad Abuzayyad. Volume 16. No 34. 2010. "Palestine-Israel Journal: The Nuclear Option and Peace in the Middle East," No Publication, http://www.pij.org/details.php?id=1264 63 -The Middle East is a small region and, practically speaking, the geographic proximity 64 -AND 65 -will be heard more loudly if Iran gets away with its nuclear program. 66 - 67 - 68 -====Arabian prolif leads to nuclear war==== 69 - 70 -=====Edelman ‘11===== 71 -Edelman, 11 (Jan/Feb, Distinguished Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments and Former U.S. Undersecretary of Defense for Policy, Foreign Affairs, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67162/eric-s-edelman-andrew-f-krepinevich-jr-and-evan-braden-montgomer/the-dangers-of-a-nuclear-iran) 72 -There is, however, at least one state that could receive significant outside support 73 -AND 74 -Middle East could lead to a new Great Game, with unpredictable consequences. 75 - 76 - 77 -===Advantage 3: Hamas=== 78 - 79 - 80 -====Hamas striking now—conflict likely to escalate—Hamas is determined==== 81 - 82 -=====AP 8-21===== 83 -Associated Press. 8-21-2016, "Palestinian rocket strikes Israel, drawing Israeli reprisal," Stars and Stripes,http://www.stripes.com/news/middle-east/palestinian-rocket-strikes-israel-drawing-israeli-reprisal-1.424873//KOHS-AG 84 -JERUSALEM —The Israeli military carried out a series of airstrikes in the Gaza Strip 85 -AND 86 -destruction, would continue its struggle against Israel until "victory is achieved." 87 - 88 - 89 -====Empirics prove—Hamas wants to strike the Dimona reactor==== 90 - 91 -=====Pollak ‘14===== 92 -Joel B. Pollak,10 Jul 2014, "'Nuclear Terrorism': Hamas Targeting of Dimona Reactor Meets UN Definition," Breitbart, http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2014/07/10/nuclear-terrorism-hamas-targets-israel-s-dimona-reactor/ 93 -The terrorist group Hamas claimed late Wednesday that it attempted to target Israel’s nuclear reactor 94 -AND 95 -targets was Dimona. The hope is to destroy Israel through nuclear contamination. 96 - 97 - 98 -====Attacks on nuclear reactors are devastating—they’re equivalent to dirty bombs==== 99 - 100 -=====PSR ‘16===== 101 -~~"Dirty, Dangerous And Expensive: The Truth About Nuclear Power". 2016.Psr.Org. Accessed August 8 2016. http://www.psr.org/chapters/washington/resources/nuclear-power-factsheet.html?referrer=https://www.google.com/~~ 102 -In addition to the threat of nuclear materials, nuclear reactors are themselves potential terrorist 103 -AND 104 --term deaths from cancer among individuals within 50 miles of the reactor. 105 - 106 - 107 -====Nuclear attack causes extinction—miscalculation likely==== 108 - 109 -=====Barrett et al ‘13===== 110 -PhD in Engineering and Public Policy from Carnegie Mellon University, Fellow in the RAND Stanton Nuclear Security Fellows Program, and Director of Research at Global Catastrophic Risk Institute—AND Seth Baum, PhD in Geography from Pennsylvania State University, Research Scientist at the Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, and Executive Director of Global Catastrophic Risk Institute—AND Kelly Hostetler, BS in Political Science from Columbia and Research Assistant at Global Catastrophic Risk Institute (Anthony, 24 June 2013, "Analyzing and Reducing the Risks of Inadvertent Nuclear War Between the United States and Russia," Science and Global Security: The Technical Basis for Arms Control, Disarmament, and Nonproliferation Initiatives, Volume 21, Issue 2, Taylor and Francis) 111 -War involving significant fractions of the U.S. and Russian nuclear arsenals, 112 -AND 113 -, making one or both nations more likely to misinterpret events as attacks. 114 - 115 - 116 -==Plan== 117 - 118 - 119 -===Text=== 120 - 121 - 122 -====Plan Text: Israel ought to adopt Uzi Even’s proposal and prohibit nuclear power.==== 123 - 124 -=====Silverstein ‘12===== 125 -Richard Silverstein, 8-20-2012, "Leading Israeli Nuclear Scientist Proposing Closing Dimona in Return for Ending Iranian Nuke Program," Tikun Olam תיקון עולם, http://www.richardsilverstein.com/2012/08/20/leading-israeli-nuclear-scientist-proposing-closing-dimona-in-return-for-ending-iranian-nuke-program/ 126 -Uzi Even, one of Israel’s leading nuclear scientists, proposed in an article in 127 -AND 128 -it moves the debate away from military force and toward a negotiated solution. 129 - 130 - 131 -===Solvency=== 132 - 133 - 134 -====Plan solves stability—==== 135 - 136 - 137 -====Removal of the Iranian threat is a palliative for Israel, while removal of Israeli nuclear power prevents Iran from reproliferating==== 138 - 139 -=====Abuzayyad 2===== 140 -Ziad Abuzayyad. Volume 16. No 34. 2010. "Palestine-Israel Journal: The Nuclear Option and Peace in the Middle East," No Publication, http://www.pij.org/details.php?id=1264 141 -It is likely that Iran will proceed with its program, and the only thing 142 -AND 143 -nuclear capability. Achieving a comprehensive peace settlement to the Arab-Israeli conflict 144 - 145 - 146 -====The nuclear deal will eventually expire—the aff is k2 long term peace==== 147 - 148 -=====Abrams ‘15===== 149 -Elliot Abrams 7/15,senior fellow for Middle Eastern studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, "Iran got a far better deal than it had any right to expect," National Review 2015. 150 -Then, the United States conceded to Iran ~~1~~ the right to have 151 -AND 152 -negotiators sat in Vienna and Lausanne smiling across the table at John Kerry. 153 - 154 - 155 -====Plan spills over to Israel abolishing its entire nuclear arsenal while preventing terrorist attacks on facilities==== 156 - 157 -=====Sleiman ‘10===== 158 -Mounzer Sleiman (2010) Shutting down Dimona: Israel’s nuclear programme, arsenal and environmental threat, Contemporary Arab Affairs, 3:4, 437-479, DOI: 10.1080/17550912.2010.528203 159 -Although Israel has an impressive (if unacknowledged) nuclear arsenal, it does not 160 -AND 161 -of these systems would actually encourage the countries to eliminate their WMD arsenals. 162 - 163 - 164 -====Existing nuclear weapons are outdated and futile—stopping escalation now is key==== 165 - 166 -=====Sleiman ‘10===== 167 -Mounzer Sleiman (2010) Shutting down Dimona: Israel’s nuclear programme, arsenal and environmental threat, Contemporary Arab Affairs, 3:4, 437-479, DOI: 10.1080/17550912.2010.528203 168 -Given the current realities in the Arab Middle East, it can be seen that 169 -AND 170 -and they can also be used in more scenarios than can nuclear devices. 171 - 172 - 173 -====We create movements for environmental change==== 174 - 175 -=====Sleiman ‘10===== 176 -Mounzer Sleiman (2010) Shutting down Dimona: Israel’s nuclear programme, arsenal and environmental threat, Contemporary Arab Affairs, 3:4, 437-479, DOI: 10.1080/17550912.2010.528203 177 -If nuclear weapons could be demonstrated to be unnecessary and be dismantled, the need 178 -AND 179 -be a first step towards solving the attendant environmental problems there and elsewhere. 180 - 181 - 182 -==Framework== 183 - 184 -====Non-naturalist theories are epistemically inaccessible—reject abstractions==== 185 - Papineau ‘07 186 -David Papineau, "Naturalism". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007//KOHS-AG 187 -Moore took this argument to show that moral facts comprise a distinct species of non 188 -AND 189 -to see how we can ~~we~~ have any knowledge of them~~?~~. 190 - 191 - 192 -====Naturalism means util—phenomenal introspection means we can export our experience of pleasure to others==== 193 -Sinhababu ‘13 194 -Sinhababu, Neil. "The epistemic argument for hedonism." 2013. ~~University of Singapore~~//KOHS-AG 195 -To see how we can detect moral properties through phenomenal introspection, consider intense pain 196 -AND 197 -bright. This fits how we regard the intrinsic properties of phenomenal states. 198 - 199 - 200 -====The standard is maximizing expected well-being. Prefer—==== 201 - 202 -====Util is the only pragmatic option for policymakers—they can only look at macropolitical impacts==== 203 - 204 -=====Goodin===== 205 -Robert Goodin, Professor of Government, University of Essex, Australian National Defense University, "THE UTILITARIAN RESPONSE," p. 141-2, 1990. 206 -My larger argument turns on the proposition that there is Something special about the situation 207 -AND 208 -want to use it at all – to choose general rules or conduct. 209 - 210 - 211 -====No act-omission distinction for states—they are responsible for their consequences==== 212 - 213 -=====Sunstein and Vermeule===== 214 -Cass R. Sunstein and Adrian Vermeule, "Is Capital Punishment Morally Required? The Relevance of Life‐Life Tradeoffs." John M. Olin Law and Economics Working Paper No. 239 The Law School, The University of Chicago, March 2005//KOHS-AG 215 -In our view, any effort to distinguish between acts and omissions goes wrong by 216 -AND 217 -a set of policy instruments that do not adequately or fully discourage it. 218 - 219 - 220 -====Util calc is k2 moral equality==== 221 - 222 -=====Cummiskey===== 223 -Cummiskey, David. "Kantian consequentialism." Ethics (1990): 586-615. Published by Oxford University Press.//KOHS-AG 224 -We must not obscure the issue by characterizing this type of case as the sacrifice 225 -AND 226 -may never force another to bear some cost in order to benefit others. 227 - 228 -Analytic 229 -Analytic - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -Any