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+NUCLEAR COLONIALISM 1AC |
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+ |
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+Part 1: The Trail of Tears |
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+ |
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+WELCOME TO THE 1800s, A WORLD RULED BY THE LOGIC OF THE SETTLER. VIOLENCE PLAGUED NATIVE AMERICAN COMMUNITIES, WITH THE WHITE MAN LINING UP HIS GUN, FIRING AT WILL AS HE FORCED THE SAVAGE TO LEAVE. SADLY, THE EFFECTS OF THIS GENOCIDE HAVE YET TO END, WITH THE WHITE MAN STILL TRYING TO ASSIMILATE THAT WHICH HE CANNOT UNDERSTAND. |
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+Poupart ‘03 |
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+Poupart, Lisa M. "The familiar face of genocide: Internalized oppression among American Indians." Hypatia 18.2 (2003): 86-100. |
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+American Indians have suffered from systematic genocide within Western society, in the forms of |
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+AND |
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+both forced upon and accepted by American Indians, we define ourselves through these. |
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+ |
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+Indigenous populations remain open to violence today—this time they stare not down the barrel of a gun, but rather, at barrels of uranium being mined on their land. This new form of genocide is nuclear colonialism. |
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+Endres ‘09 |
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+Endres, Danielle. The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies. Routledge. 17 February 2009.//KOHS-AG |
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+Before attending to the rhetorical nature of nuclear colonialism, it is important to emphasize |
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+AND |
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+people living near tailing piles at a high risk for lung cancer.10 |
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+ |
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+And, the damage done to indigenous bodies is an affront to their sovereignty—the USFG views Native populations as disposable tools |
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+Endres 2 |
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+Endres, Danielle. The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies. Routledge. 17 February 2009.//KOHS-AG |
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+The present form of colonialism in the US is what Al Gedicks has called resource |
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+AND |
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+its technopolitical success.’’28 Nuclear colonialism is a tale of resource colonialism. |
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+ |
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+Part 2: Sovereignty |
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+ |
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+Plan text: American Indian groups in conjunction with the United States federal government ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power. |
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+ |
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+The 1AC is a shift in orientation—it reclaims the land and traditions that had been commodified so long ago |
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+Endres 3 |
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+Endres, Danielle. The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies. Routledge. 17 February 2009.//KOHS-AG |
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+As we build scholarship on the rhetoric of (nuclear) colonialism, it will |
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+AND |
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+possibilities of voice and the instances of voice that emerge from nuclear colonialism. |
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+ |
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+Indigenous resistance challenges the myth of America’s authority—history proves |
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+Endres 4 |
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+Endres, Danielle. The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies. Routledge. 17 February 2009.//KOHS-AG |
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+American Indian resistance is an important part of the story of to nuclear |
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+AND |
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+critical test (Divine Strake) proposed for the NTS in June 2006. |
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+ |
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+Nuclear colonialism is discursively legitimized—our orientation shapes our policies |
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+Endres 5 |
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+Endres, Danielle. The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies. Routledge. 17 February 2009.//KOHS-AG |
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+Colonialism in all its forms is dependent on the discursive apparatus that sustains it. |
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+AND |
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+is always defined as dependent on and subordinate to the US federal government. |
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+ |
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+The 1AC is a redefinition of sovereignty—we challenge the discursive product the USFG has created |
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+Endres 6 |
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+Endres, Danielle. The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies. Routledge. 17 February 2009.//KOHS-AG |
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+American Indian arguments against the site, on the other hand, are the most |
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+AND |
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+negation, or silence, we are told, is never complete.’’82 |
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+ |
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+The aff is a try or die—exclusion of Native Americans is inevitable absent our stance against nuclear colonialism—coalitions formed through the aff are key |
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+Endres 7 |
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+Endres, Danielle. The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies. Routledge. 17 February 2009.//KOHS-AG |
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+My exploration of the rhetoric of nuclear colonialism also suggests that colonial practices and discourse |
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+AND |
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+Environmental injustices often go unnoticed unless activists rise up to challenge the injustices. |
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+ |
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+Part 3: Classroom |
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+ |
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+The ROJ: To be a critical educator, focused on the liberation of the oppressed. We should orient debate rounds towards the creation of strategies for change. |
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+Giroux ‘06 |
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+Henry A. America on the edge: Henry Giroux on politics, culture, and education. Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. |
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+The National Association of Urban Debate Leagues (UDLs) represents a promising, innovative |
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+AND |
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+in ways that demonstrate political conviction, civic courage, and collective responsibility. |
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+ |
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+Scholarship to reject colonialism has always been sidelined by whiteness—it’s time to disrupt the idea of the settler in this space. Thus, the ROB: To vote for the debater who best methodologically combats settler colonialism. |
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+Tuck and Fernandez ’13 |
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+(EVE TUCK and RUBÉN A. GAZTAMBIDE-FERNÁNDEZ, “Curriculum, Replacement, and Settler Futurity,” Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2013, p. 72-89) |
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+Natty Bumppo, not savage, and no longer European, is positioned to claim |
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+AND |
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+been sidelined and reappropriated in ways that reinscribe settler colonialism and settler futurity. |
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+ |
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+Focus on material conditions—abstraction desensitizes us from the realities of oppression and fails to account for concrete realities |
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+Curry ‘14 |
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+Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14, “The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century”//KOHS-AG |
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+Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real |
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+AND |
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+used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters. |
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+ |
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+Existential risk scenarios are used to allow structural violence to continue—they are an abstraction |
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+Omalade ‘84 |
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+Barbara. "Hearts of darkness." Words of fire: An anthology of African-American feminist thought (1995): 362-378. Barbera, works with the City College Center for Worker Education in New YorK City, has been a historian of black women for the past twenty years and an organizer in both the women's and civil rights/black power movements PESH AK |
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+As women of color, who are warriors in continual struggle to reclaim our lands |
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+AND |
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+, imperialism, cultural integrity, and housing? Who will stand up? |
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+ |
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+Big stick impacts ignore the war fought against oppressed bodies—genocidal extinction occurs with every additional barrel of nuclear waste |
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+Ostler ‘15 |
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+Ostler, Jeffrey. "Genocide and American Indian History." American History: Oxford Research Encyclopedias. 2015-03-02. Oxford University Press. Date of access 20 Jul. 2016, andlt;http://americanhistory.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.001.0001/acrefore-9780199329175-e-3andgt; |
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+As they had done in earlier periods in U.S. history, after |
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+AND |
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+thus revealing a disposition to regard all American Indian as deserving of extermination. |
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+ |
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+Part 4: Rules of Engagement |
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+ |
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+1) Aff gets RVIs—we should be held to our visions of debate—that’s k2 advocacy skills, because otherwise we can just kick out of positions if there’s contestation—advocacy skills comes first as per the ROJ |
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+ |
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+2) Interps must be checked in CX—that’s k2 preventing friv theory, allowing for more discussion of issues within the 1AC |