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• Objects (1 modified, 1 added, 0 removed)
  • Caselist.RoundClass[4]
  • Caselist.CitesClass[4]

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Caselist.RoundClass[4]

EntryDate

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1		-2016-10-15 20:39:03.7
	1	+2016-10-15 20:39:03.0

Caselist.CitesClass[4]

Cites

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	1	+=1AC=
	2	+
	3	+
	4	+==FW==
	5	+
	6	+
	7	+====Policymaking is the pedagogical function of debate and allows us to understand the state from within ====
	8	+Joyner 99, ,,Professor International Law @ Georgetwon, 99 (Christopher "TEACHING INTERNATIONAL LAW: VIEWS FROM AN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS POLITICAL SCIENTIST" ILSA Journal of International and Comparative Law, Spring, 5 ILSA J Int'l and Comp L 377),,
	9	+Use of the debate can be an effective pedagogical tool for education in the social
	10	+AND
	11	+the real world of policy analysis, political critique, and legal defense.
	12	+
	13	+
	14	+====The resolutional question is of countries which is "a nation with its own government, occupying a particular territory." Google dictionary====
	15	+
	16	+
	17	+====Thus, I value Policymaking====
	18	+
	19	+
	20	+====Public policy has to be within data sets====
	21	+Gill Callaghan 2008 ~~Research Fellow at Durham University School Applied Social Sciences, "Evaluation and Negotiated Order : Developing the Application of Complexity Theory" Evaluation Vol 14(4): 399–411~~
	22	+ This article argues that complexity theory has the potential to bring important insights in
	23	+AND
	24	+to handle agency. Negotiated order can provide such a complexity consistent account.
	25	+
	26	+
	27	+====And states don’t have an act omission distinction.====
	28	+**Sunstein and Vermeule 06** (Cass and Adrian ~~law professors at Harvard~~, "IS CAPITAL PUNISHMENT MORALLY REQUIRED? ACTS, OMISSIONS, AND LIFE- LIFE TRADEOFFS", Stanford Law Review, 2006, BE)
	29	+In our view, any effort to distinguish between acts and omissions goes wrong by
	30	+AND
	31	+if it is, the distinction does not make a morally relevant difference.
	32	+
	33	+
	34	+====This entails maximization of ends====
	35	+
	36	+
	37	+====A) People psychologically agree– governments are obligated to use it since it’s more justifiable for citizens====
	38	+**Gino et al 2008 ~~Francesca Gino Kenan-Flagler Business School, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Don Moore Tepper Business School, Carnegie Mellon University, Max H. Bozman Harvard Business School, Harvard University "No harm, no foul: The outcome bias in ethical judgments" http://www.hbs.edu/research/pdf/08-080.pdf~~ **
	39	+The present studies provide strong evidence of the existence of outcome effects in ethically-
	40	+AND
	41	+standard of data sets- consensus of studies mean ends justify the means.
	42	+
	43	+
	44	+====B) Government actions will inevitably lead to trade-offs between citizens since they benefit some and harm others; the only justifiable way to resolve these conflicts is by benefitting the maximum possible number of people since anything else would unequally prioritize one group over another. This also proves side constraint theories are useless for states since they’ll inevitably violate some constraint. Even if util fails, non-consequentialist moral theories prevent any action which is worse than not being able to use util====
	45	+
	46	+
	47	+====C) Personal Identity is irrelevant, scientific data proves that we can separate our brains and become separate streams of thought. ====
	48	+Derek **Parfit **
	49	+Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons (Oxford: Clarendon, 19**84**).
	50	+Some recent medical cases provide striking evidence in favour of the Reductionist View. Human
	51	+AND
	52	+field, and can receive two different answers written by this person’s two hands
	53	+
	54	+
	55	+====Given the absence of identity only maximization makes sense ====
	56	+**Shoemaker 99 **
	57	+Shoemaker, David (Dept of Philosophy, U Memphis). "Utilitarianism and Personal Identity." The Journal of Value Inquiry 33: 183–199, 1999. http://www.csun.edu/~~ds56723/jvipaper.pdf
	58	+Extreme reductionism might lend support to utilitarianism in the following way. Many people claim
	59	+AND
	60	+location, would be the most plausible. Utilitarianism is just such a theory
	61	+
	62	+
	63	+====Impacts: ====
	64	+
	65	+
	66	+
	67	+
	68	+====C) Typical Ethical justifications stemming from morality are too abstract to analyze- wholly ideal theories legitimize and ignore oppression====
	69	+**Curry 14** ~~Dr. Tommy J; "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century", Victory Briefs, 2014~~
	70	+Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real
	71	+AND
	72	+economic structures which necessitate tangible policies and reorienting changes in our value orientations.
	73	+
	74	+
	75	+====The standard is maximizing expected well being through empirical social science====
	76	+
	77	+
	78	+====Plan: Countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power. I’ll clarify in CX if you want links to DA’s====
	79	+
	80	+
	81	+====The free dictionary (legal dictionary) defines Nuclear Power As====
	82	+A form of energy produced by an atomic reaction, capable of producing an alternative source of electrical power to that supplied by coal, gas, or oil.
	83	+That means nuclear power is civilian nuclear power- things like space propulsion can’t be done by fossil fuels
	84	+
	85	+
	86	+==Contention 1: Meltdowns will Happen==
	87	+
	88	+
	89	+===A: Statistics===
	90	+
	91	+
	92	+====The probability of a core meltdown is 69.8 in the next 10 years. In the US for next 25 years, it’s 50.4====
	93	+Rose and Sweeting 16 ,,Thomas Rose and Trevor Sweeting (2016) How safe is nuclear power? A statistical study suggests less than expected, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 72:2, 112-115, DOI: 10.1080/00963402.2016.1145910,,
	94	+Thus the best estimate is 1 in 3704 reactor years. Having established this,
	95	+AND
	96	+accident within the next 25 years with a probability of 50.4.
	97	+
	98	+
	99	+====Not enough nuclear reactors to solve warming, and if they did they would melt down. ====
	100	+,,Arjun,, Makhijani 10, ,,Ph.D. "Carbon-Free and Nuclear-Free: A Roadmap for U.S. Energy Policy" Institute for Energy and Environmental Research November 5, 2010 ,,
	101	+If nuclear power is used as a principal element of future electricity generation worldwide,
	102	+AND
	103	+reactors were increased by a factor of ten compared to the present.31
	104	+
	105	+
	106	+====Prefer our Statistical Analysis- ====
	107	+
	108	+
	109	+====1) includes every accident on record that had to do with regulation or preparedness====
	110	+Rose and Sweeting 16 ,,Thomas Rose and Trevor Sweeting (2016) How safe is nuclear power? A statistical study suggests less than expected, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 72:2, 112-115, DOI: 10.1080/00963402.2016.1145910 Thomas Rose is a professor of sensor technology at the Münster University of Applied Sciences, in Germany, and an honorary senior research associate in the University College London’s Department of Science and Technology Studies of University College London; he holds a doctorate in nuclear physics and worked for several years in industry. He is interested in sensor systems and the relation between science and society. Trevor Sweeting is an emeritus professor of statistics at University College London, UK. He holds a doctorate in statis- tics and has published widely on both theoretical statistics and applications in medicine, engineering, computer science and elsewhere. His current interests include Bayesian statistics and the theory of inference, statistical methodology for the fitting of prognostic models in medical research, and evaluation of infor- mation retrieval systems in computer science.,,
	111	+We therefore collected our data from two publicly available lists of nuclear accidents, one
	112	+AND
	113	+This leaves four accidents with core melts in civil reactors for power generation.
	114	+
	115	+
	116	+====2) Organizations like the IAEA engage in data suppression which is a reason to reject their safety calculations and assumptions====
	117	+Rose and Sweeting 16 ,,Thomas Rose and Trevor Sweeting (2016) How safe is nuclear power? A statistical study suggests less than expected, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 72:2, 112-115, DOI: 10.1080/00963402.2016.1145910 Thomas Rose is a professor of sensor technology at the Münster University of Applied Sciences, in Germany, and an honorary senior research associate in the University College London’s Department of Science and Technology Studies of University College London; he holds a doctorate in nuclear physics and worked for several years in industry. He is interested in sensor systems and the relation between science and society. Trevor Sweeting is an emeritus professor of statistics at University College London, UK. He holds a doctorate in statis- tics and has published widely on both theoretical statistics and applications in medicine, engineering, computer science and elsewhere. His current interests include Bayesian statistics and the theory of inference, statistical methodology for the fitting of prognostic models in medical research, and evaluation of infor- mation retrieval systems in computer science.,,
	118	+In the literature there are slightly different defini- tions of a minor, major
	119	+AND
	120	+, "There is no publicly available list of events rated using INES."
	121	+
	122	+
	123	+====3) Past studies use the Probabilistic Risk Assessment method, which is incorrect and biased. General academia agrees with our method which is standard Risk Assessment. ====
	124	+Rose and Sweeting 16 ,,Thomas Rose and Trevor Sweeting (2016) How safe is nuclear power? A statistical study suggests less than expected, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 72:2, 112-115, DOI: 10.1080/00963402.2016.1145910 Thomas Rose is a professor of sensor technology at the Münster University of Applied Sciences, in Germany, and an honorary senior research associate in the University College London’s Department of Science and Technology Studies of University College London; he holds a doctorate in nuclear physics and worked for several years in industry. He is interested in sensor systems and the relation between science and society. Trevor Sweeting is an emeritus professor of statistics at University College London, UK. He holds a doctorate in statis- tics and has published widely on both theoretical statistics and applications in medicine, engineering, computer science and elsewhere. His current interests include Bayesian statistics and the theory of inference, statistical methodology for the fitting of prognostic models in medical research, and evaluation of infor- mation retrieval systems in computer science.,,
	125	+In the past, several studies have investigated the prob- ability of a core
	126	+AND
	127	+there was agreement on the substantive con- clusions of Islam and Lindgren.
	128	+
	129	+
	130	+====4) Transparency- Rose and Sweeting are transparent about drawbacks. This is consistent with effective data analysis. ====
	131	+
	132	+
	133	+====Learning curve is empirically denied- no reduction in accidents over time despite improvements in technology. Any flaws is because of data suppression====
	134	+Rose and Sweeting 16 ,,Thomas Rose and Trevor Sweeting (2016) How safe is nuclear power? A statistical study suggests less than expected, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 72:2, 112-115, DOI: 10.1080/00963402.2016.1145910 Thomas Rose is a professor of sensor technology at the Münster University of Applied Sciences, in Germany, and an honorary senior research associate in the University College London’s Department of Science and Technology Studies of University College London; he holds a doctorate in nuclear physics and worked for several years in industry. He is interested in sensor systems and the relation between science and society. Trevor Sweeting is an emeritus professor of statistics at University College London, UK. He holds a doctorate in statis- tics and has published widely on both theoretical statistics and applications in medicine, engineering, computer science and elsewhere. His current interests include Bayesian statistics and the theory of inference, statistical methodology for the fitting of prognostic models in medical research, and evaluation of infor- mation retrieval systems in computer science.,,
	135	+We also wanted to see whether accidents become less frequent with more operational experience.
	136	+AND
	137	+is no indication that some reactors are less prone to failure than others.
	138	+
	139	+
	140	+====Meltdowns and their probability overwhelm incentives for future development====
	141	+,,STEVEN F.,, HAYWARD 11,,"Weekly Standard: Against A Fossil Fuel Renaissance" March 24, 20119:03 AM ET http://www.npr.org/2011/03/24/134818457/weekly-standard-a-fossil-fuel-renaissance,,
	142	+An additional irony of Japan's disaster is that had we not abandoned nuclear power 30
	143	+AND
	144	+reactors, like the Fukushima Daiichi, long after their intended life span.
	145	+
	146	+
	147	+===B: Global Warming===
	148	+
	149	+
	150	+====We’ve passed the tipping point for global warming even in the months with the least PPM for GHG’s- consensus of scientists and NASA====
	151	+Macdonald 9/28 ,,By CHEYENNE MACDONALD FOR DAILYMAIL.COM PUBLISHED: 11:32 EST, 28 September 2016 ~| UPDATED: 15:22 EST, 28 September 2016 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3812087/Global-warming-milestone-scientists-warn-Earth-passed-carbon-tipping-point-good.html,,
	152	+Atmospheric carbon dioxide has reached a historic threshold as levels remain above 400 parts per
	153	+AND
	154	+passed the mean temperatures from 1951-1980 by nearly a full degree.
	155	+
	156	+
	157	+====Warming limits Nuke Power Effectiveness- coolant isn’t cool====
	158	+,,Alyson,, Kenward 11 ,,"In Tennessee, Heat Waves Diminish Nuclear Power Output" Published: April 10th, 2011 http://www.climatecentral.org/news/in-tennessee-heat-waves-frustrate-nuclear-power,,
	159	+Eight weeks of unrelenting heat later, the plant was still running at half its
	160	+AND
	161	+term solution for a long-term problem the nuclear industry is facing.
	162	+
	163	+
	164	+====Warming causes disasters which cause meltdowns, new tech fails, and renewable shift happening now. ====
	165	+**Michael Brune et. al 15, Executive Director of the Sierra Club; Annie Leonard, Executive Director of Greenpeace; Erich Pica, President of the Friends of the Earth; "Nuclear power is a losing proposition," August 9, 2015, http://www.miamiherald.com/opinion/op-ed/article30434562.html**
	166	+More than seven out of ten of us want more emphasis on wind and solar
	167	+AND
	168	+the climate, but it cannot and will not be stymied for long.
	169	+
	170	+
	171	+==Contention 2: Meltdowns are Bad==
	172	+
	173	+
	174	+====Extinction- 124 possible events in North America alone. ====
	175	+Dave **Hodges 14**: an established award winning psychology, statistics and research professor as he teaches college and university classes at both the undergraduate and graduate level, an established author as his articles are published on many major websites, citing Judy Haar, a recognized expert in nuclear plant failure analyses, "Nuclear Power Plants Will Become America's Extinction Level Event", April 18 2014, www.thelibertybeacon.com/2014/04/18/nuclear-power-plants-will-become-americas-extinction-level-event/
	176	+The health costs to human beings is incalculable. However, this article is not
	177	+AND
	178	+value their implementation, extinction is a prior question to ethics and values.
	179	+
	180	+
	181	+====Reactors and wastes are sited near minority groups, which means they get killed first and experience increased cancer rates. ====
	182	+Alldred And Shrader-Frechette 9 ,,Mary Alldred and Kristin Shrader-Frechette Doctoral student Alldred is in the Department of Ecology and Evolution at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, in Stony Brook, New York. Dr. Shrader-Frechette is O’Neill Fam- ily Endowed Professor, Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Philosophy, and Director of the Center for Envi- ronmental Justice and Children’s Health, all at the University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. "Environmental Injustice in Siting Nuclear Plants" ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE Volume 2, Number 2, 2009 © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/env.2008.0544,,
	183	+Even when reactors operate normally, statistically sig- nificant increases in infant and fetal
	184	+AND
	185	+(p 0.001), at least in the southeastern United States.
	186	+
	187	+
	188	+====Radiation does kill, study of over 400 thousand over 50 years show that linear no-threshold theory is correct and hormesis is wrong. ====
	189	+**MUSHAK 2007** (Paul, PB Associates, Durham, North Carolina, Environmental Health Perspectives, April 1, Lexis)
	190	+Radiologic hormesis. Some proponents of radiologic hormesis hold that the linear no-threshold
	191	+AND
	192	+French report refers to radiation hormesis only in passing and in narrow context.

EntryDate

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	1	+2016-10-15 20:39:06.324

Judge

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	1	+Michael Harris

Opponent

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	1	+Strake Jesuit

ParentRound

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	1	+4

Round

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	1	+4

Team

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	1	+Kinkaid Yang Aff

Title

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	1	+SEPT OCT Meltdowns 4

Tournament

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	1	+St Marks