Changes for page Interlake Ma Neg
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,81 @@ 1 +==Plan Text: United States Federal Government ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power for Nuclear Propulsion Reactors using highly enriched uranium == 2 +**Nuclear propulsion reactors are largest consumer of HEU** 3 +**Mian et Al 16** Zia Mian, Michael Schoeppnerfrank Von Hippel 45, 8-6-1945, "Banning the production of highly enriched uranium," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, a href="http://thebulletin.org/banning-production-highly-enriched-uranium9266"http://thebulletin.org/banning-production-highly-enriched-uranium9266/a 4 +The biggest remaining challenge to ending non-weapon uses of HEU involves the largest annual consumer—naval reactors that propel submarines, aircraft carriers, and icebreakers. This is an issue that has received relatively little attention in the past Nuclear Security Summits, and it involves only four countries: the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom and India. France fuels its naval reactors with low-enriched uranium (LEU) containing less than 20 percent uranium 235, and it is believed that China does so as well. The United States accounts for more than half of the HEU used in naval reactors. It is only recently, however, that the US National Nuclear Security Administration's Office of Naval Reactors (ONR) has been willing to discuss the possibility of converting to LEU. In January 2014, in response to a question from the House Armed Services Committee, the ONR stated that it might be possible over 10 to 15 years to develop an LEU fuel that would make conversion possible. 5 +Japan each built a single civilian nuclear cargo ship but found they were not economically competitive.14 6 + 7 + 8 +==Advantage – Proliferation== 9 + 10 + 11 +====The continued use of HEU threatens the stability of NPT in the status quo. ==== 12 +Cole J. **Harvey 10**, Research Associate, Center for Nonproliferation Studies, 11-29-2010, "At Sea Over Naval HEU: Expanding Interest in Nuclear Propulsion Poses Proliferation Challenges,"NTI, a href="http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/expanding-nuclear-propulsion-challenges/"http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/expanding-nuclear-propulsion-challenges//a 13 +However, uranium enriched to about 90 (or considerably less) can also 14 +AND 15 +material from safeguards could erode confidence in the NPT regime among other states. 16 + 17 + 18 +====Current international treaty loopholes encourage the proliferation of weapons grade uranium. Action by the US would decrease existing stockpiles. ==== 19 +**Thielmann 12** Greg Thielmann, Wyatt Hoffman. Theilmann is Senior Fellow at The Arms Control Association. "Submarine Nuclear Reactors: A Worsening Proliferation Challenge" Threat Assement Brief. ACA. July 26, 2012. 20 +Non-nuclear-weapons-state members of the NPT are obligated to accept 21 +AND 22 +nuclear weapons states only invites accusations that a double standard is being applied. 23 + 24 + 25 +====US involvement is key to an international movement to stop the use of HEU in developing navies, including in Russia and India==== 26 +Frank Von **Hippel 14**, 4-9-2014, "United States opens to the possibility of using LEU in its future naval reactors," IPFM Blog, a href="http://fissilematerials.org/blog/2014/04/united_states_opens_to_th.html"http://fissilematerials.org/blog/2014/04/united_states_opens_to_th.html/a 27 +The implications of a U.S. commitment to shift to LEU fuel for 28 +AND 29 +of miscalculation and war with the use of such weapons," he added. 30 + 31 + 32 +==Advantage - South China Sea== 33 + 34 + 35 +====Tensions are high now as China increases its security rhetoric around US allies ==== 36 +Tim **Daiss 16**, 5-29-2016, "China To Send Nuclear-Armed Submarines To Pacific To Counter U.S., Beijing Claims," Forbes, a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/timdaiss/2016/05/29/china-to-send-nuke-armed-submarines-to-pacific-to-counter-us-beijing-claims/2/~~#3499d2d27b96"http://www.forbes.com/sites/timdaiss/2016/05/29/china-to-send-nuke-armed-submarines-to-pacific-to-counter-us-beijing-claims/2/~~#3499d2d27b96/a 37 +One can't help but question the timing of the Chinese submarine report, released just 38 +AND 39 +-thirds of all LNG demand comes from the Asia-Pacific region. 40 + 41 + 42 +====Nuclear subs are uniquely what sustain US naval militarism ==== 43 +**Majumbar, writer for National Interest, 15 44 +**Dave Majumbar, writer for National Interest, "Nuclear Submarines: America's New Aircraft Carriers?" Apr 7 2015, National Interest 45 + 46 +A new class of nuclear-powered guided missile submarines could be the key to 47 +AND 48 +noticed by nations that would build A2/AD environments," Hendrix said. 49 + 50 + 51 +====The US has maintained hegemony in the area but not for long. As long as submarine warfare is k2 US control, conflict is inevitable. ==== 52 +Minnie **Chan 16**, 7-23-2016, "China and US in silent fight for supremacy beneath waves of South China Sea," South China Morning Post, a href="http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/1985071/china-and-us-silent-fight-supremacy-beneath-waves-south"http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/1985071/china-and-us-silent-fight-supremacy-beneath-waves-south/a 53 +Brackets are from article 54 +The Pentagon said China was also developing an improved, 55 +AND 56 +war. "I hope China will not follow it," he said. 57 + 58 + 59 +====Chinese influence is key to prevent Taiwan independence ==== 60 +**Li 07** 61 +~~He Li, Professor of Political Science at Merrimack College, Boston ENTER THE DRAGON? China's Presence in Latin America, 2007, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/EnterDragonFinal.pdf~~ 62 +Latin America has been a major battleground of the "foreign policy war" between 63 +AND 64 +China and Taiwan has been intensified in a region far away from Asia. 65 + 66 + 67 +====Taiwan independence will spark US-China Nuke war==== 68 +**Lowther**, staff reporter in Washington D.C., 20**13** 69 +(William, "Taiwan could spark nuclear war: report" Taipei Times: Online: Mar 16, 2013: 70 +http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/03/16/2003557211) 71 +Taiwan is the most likely potential crisis that could trigger a nuclear war between China 72 +AND 73 +and the reliability of US defense commitments in the Asia-Pacific region." 74 + 75 + 76 +====Goes global and nuclear ==== 77 +Hunkovic 9 (Lee J, American Military University, "The Chinese-Taiwanese Conflict: Possible Futures of a Confrontation between China, Taiwan and the United States of America", http://www.lamp-method.org/eCommons/ Hunkovic.pdf) 78 +- A war between China, Taiwan and the United States has the potential to escalate 79 +- AND 80 +- for competition 81 +o Can embrace other forms of knowledge production while self imposing action - EntryDate
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