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Cites

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1		-Counter plan text: The United States federal government should require police departments to hire more diverse police officers to represent the community.
2		-Fifield 16. Jen. Jen Fifield is a demographics reporter at Stateline. Before joining Pew, Fifield spent five years covering state, county and city policy and politics for The Frederick News-Post in Maryland and education for The Gazette of Montgomery County. In those roles, she won several regional journalism awards for investigative, political, education and feature reporting. In 2015, she was named a fellow in the Ravitch Fiscal Reporting Program at the CUNY Graduate School of Journalism. She hails from Arizona, where she got her start freelancing for local newspapers. She graduated with honors from Arizona State University’s Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication.. “Does Diversifying Police Forces Reduce Tensions?” The Pew Charitable Trust. MCM.
3		-As police-involved shootings have increased tensions between police and black communities across the country, some law enforcement agencies have put out similar calls for help in hopes of recruiting a more diverse force as one way to re-establish community trust. Leaders in Indianapolis, Minneapolis and Knoxville, Tennessee, recently refocused their efforts to attract and hire more minorities. There are two major reasons why law enforcement struggles to recruit minorities, Jones-Brown said. When police treat communities like they are all criminals, they don’t want to be part of the agency. And when police enforce low-level crimes in communities of color, many people end up with criminal records that disqualify them from applying. In Knoxville, past recruiting efforts had little success, said David Rausch, the chief of police. Of the 386 sworn officers there, 358 are white. The lack of diversity could be the result of a lack of qualified minority candidates, Rausch said. But it also could be because of a stigma attached to police by the minority community, which has worsened with recent events across the country. Diversity, especially in leadership, can improve problem-solving and increase innovation, said Patrick Oliver, who runs a criminal justice program at Cedarville University, in Ohio, and worked in law enforcement for 27 years. Diversity at the top also can prevent a culture of racial bias. Managers set expectations and policies, and supervise officers, Oliver said. Communities see diverse police departments as more legitimate and are more likely to take ownership in policing when a department is diverse, a 2000 study found. Having a good racial mix debunks stereotypes among officers, said Tammie Hughes, the assistant chief of police in Dallas. It also shows children in the community that “if she can be a police officer, I can be a police officer, too. Once you plant those seeds, they have something they can look forward to doing.”
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5		-Department diversity builds trust and prevents racial stereotypes, this is necessary and achievable reform
6		-Weitzer 15. Ronald. Ronald Weitzer is professor of sociology at George Washington University in Washington, DC. He is the author of Policing Under Fire: Ethnic Conflict and Police-Community Relations in Northern Ireland and co-author of Race and Policing in America: Conflict and Reform. “Diversity Among Police Officers is Key, But It Won’t Solve the Problems With Policing.” The Guardian. MCM.
7		-But it can pay major dividends in other ways. In one poll of 1,791 Americans that I and a colleague conducted for our book, Race and Policing in America, more than 70 of blacks, Hispanics and whites in the United States believed that a city’s police department should have a similar racial composition to the city. The same study found that very few blacks and Hispanics (only 5) want most officers who work in their neighborhoods to be exclusively of the same race as the residents, and instead most people prefer to see racially-mixed teams of officers patrolling their streets. . Importantly, such diversity can help to build trust and confidence in the police: the more a police department reflects the composition of the local population, the higher the department’s reputation among residents, which can provide a foundation to build further trust, coupled with other needed reforms. It also helps, in majority-black or majority-Hispanic cities, if the chief of police comes from that community as well because, as the public face of the department, he or she can allay suspicions when controversial incidents occur in a way that white police chiefs may not be able to do. A diverse police force can also help to decrease the sense that individuals are being stopped and questioned solely because of their race. This clearly applies when the officers and citizens are of the same race, but even encounters between white officers and minority citizens may be perceived as less racialized when the department has a critical mass of minority officers. A representative police force can, in other words, have symbolic benefits that enhance the overall status of a police department and also reduce the perception that actions, such as stops or searches, are based on racial profiling. Most police chiefs realize the advantages of a department that represents the local community, but there are big challenges in recruiting more minority officers. Many Hispanics and African Americans are reluctant to consider a career in law enforcement – not surprising, given the history of policing in America coupled with more recent events. Highly-publicized incidents like the killing of Michael Brown in Ferguson and Eric Garner in New York only make it more difficult for police departments to recruit minority officers. Recruiters can have some success, however, if they broaden their outreach efforts to include churches and community centers – and if there are pre-existing positive relationships between the police and residents in those minority neighborhoods where community policing has already taken root, which can be built on. Although troubled interactions between minorities and police garner most of the headlines, there are neighborhoods in American cities where working-class and middle-class black and Hispanic residents – including youths – have better relationships with the authorities than on average, as I found in a study of Washington DC neighborhoods. It is in these communities that the police can enhance their recruitment efforts and achieve at least some success. Racial diversification is one crucial ingredient in a larger program of reform that is required to improve police departments throughout the country. A representative police force is not a panacea – but it is a positive reform, and an achievable one.

EntryDate

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1		-2016-11-06 02:53:44.0

Opponent

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1		-arcadia

ParentRound

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1		-2

Round

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1		-2

Team

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1		-Immaculate Heart Mizrahi Neg

Title

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1		-Diversify CP

Tournament

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1		-Damus