Changes for page Hunter College Potischman Aff
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... ... @@ -1,10 +1,0 @@ 1 -A: IF the negative debater claims that the affirmative debater should lose for reading a utilitarian framework, they must read a competing comprehensive moral theory that explains how we ought to take action in all circumstances. To clarify – the standard may not say that certain things are bad, it must provide a metric for determining what is good and bad. 2 - 3 -A: Neg must disclose all topicality interpretations on the NDCA wiki at least an hour before the round. 4 - 5 -A: If the negative debater reads topicality, claims that topicality outweighs theory, reads offense under the aff framework, and a kritik of the aff’s view of debate, they must defend the K unconditionally. 6 - 7 -A: If the negative debater reads a criticism of the affirmative’s approach to the question of the resolution, then they must read an NC that justifies an alternative framework with topical offense about why we should not ban nuclear power 8 - 9 -A: the negative debater may not criticize the affirmative framework, and claim that their criticism of the framework is a voting issue, and read turns to the aff. 10 -A: If the negative debater asks the affirmative debater before the round to defend implementation of the resolution, then they may not read a criticism with links about the affirmative’s use of the state - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,108 @@ 1 +====Ethics must recognize that loves are not arbitrary psychological states, but rather are directed moral attitudes which can be right or wrong. Ethical projects fundamentally attempt to unify emotions with those responses required by reason.==== 2 +**Lewis 1** ~~British novelist, poet, academic, medievalist, literary critic, essayist, lay theologian, and Christian apologist, employed at both Oxford and Cambridge~~ "the Abolition of Man" 1943. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/augustine/arch/lewis/abolition2.htm 3 +This conception in all its forms, Platonic, Aristotelian, Stoic, Christian, 4 +AND 5 +origin for the Tao is a question I am not here concerned with. 6 + 7 + 8 +====We cannot pursue liberatory model through a merely rational reflection of issues. Simply thinking without a reorientation of our emotions will terminally fail to inspire any true activity. ==== 9 +David Naugal. ~~chair and professor of philosophy at Dallas Baptist University. Has a Th.D. in systematic theology, and a Ph.D. in humanities with concentrations in philosophy and English literature. He is the author of Worldview: The History of a Concept~~. Education and the Abolition of Man. https://www.cslewis.com/blog/education-and-the-abolition-of-man/. June 17 2009. 10 +Nonetheless, philosophically justified virtues on their own are insufficient to make a person truly 11 +AND 12 +reason for the barbaric character and conduct of countless numbers of people today. 13 + 14 + 15 +====Additionally, only a focus on virtuous orientation accounts for the complexity of moral life. Ethical reasoning cannot be reduced to merely consequentialist calculations of solvency.==== 16 +**Adams.** Robert Adams: ~~Philosopher of metaphysics, ethics and religion, has taught at top schools like Yale, Rutgers, Chapel Hill~~ "Involuntary Sins." The Philosophical Review, 1985. 17 +The first thing to be said about this theory is that it is right in 18 +AND 19 +not by trying that we came to be for it or against it. 20 + 21 + 22 +====Thus, the standard is consistency with the Ordo Amoris, defined as correctly orienting our love and appreciation.==== 23 + 24 + 25 +====C) The grounding of proper loves is grounded in material reality, but fundamentally ‘inarticulable.’ The notion that we must justify basic insights like respect for human dignity is philosophically bankrupt.'==== 26 +**Ebels-Duggan 15**. June 24, 2015. More than Words Can Say: On Inarticulacy and Normative Commitment (by Kyla Ebels-Duggan, Philosopher). NP 9/12/16. 27 +Desires aren’t alone here. Think of what it is like to love someone. 28 +AND 29 +taken seriously. For that matter, neither should our relationships with ourselves. 30 + 31 + 32 +====Instrumentalization of ends is incoherent; prefer the AC framework over roles of the ballots that instrumentalize humanistic education for even important social roles; this robs humans of dignity and precludes capacity for use of intellection as a space for sanctuary and retreat, which renders the humanities competitive, destroying space for cooperative investigation, and limiting individual worth intellectual gifts. If the aim of education is to make a difference, if you cannot, it entails a lack of worth. I control uniqueness, and the conclusion independently follows from the Augustinian FW. ==== 33 +Zina Hitz ~~B.A., St. John’s College, Annapolis, 1995; M.Phil., Classics, Cambridge University, 1996; Ph.D. Philosophy, Princeton University, 2005; Assistant Professor, Auburn University, 2005-6; Assistant Professor, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 2006-2012; Fellow, Center for Hellenic Studies, 2008-9; Visiting Fellow, James Madison Program, Princeton University, 2010-11; Tutor, St. John's College, Annapolis, 2015-~~. 4/7/16. "Freedom and Intellectual Life." First Things. http://www.firstthings.com/web-exclusives/2016/04/freedom-and-intellectual-life MT 34 +What is the point of studying the humanities? The question reflects the current climate 35 +AND 36 +one such crucial form of asceticism. May it be preserved as such. 37 + 38 + 39 +====I defend, Resolved: Countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power==== 40 + 41 + 42 +===Contention 1 is Consumerism=== 43 + 44 + 45 +====Nuclear energy involves a deeply problematic consumeristic orientation.==== 46 + 47 +====First, to endorse nuclear energy is to endorse those orientations which make nuclear energy necessary. If the endorsement of those conditions is morally wrong, than using nuclear energy simply subsidizes morally wrong attitudes.==== 48 +Parkins, John R. and Haluza, Randolph ~~The authors are John R. Parkins, Associate Professor of Sociology, Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta and Randolph Haluza-DeLay, Associate Professor of Sociology, The King’s University College, Edmonton, Alberta. ~~ -DeLay Social and Ethical Considerations of Nuclear Power Development. April 2011. http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/103237/2/StaffPaper11-01.pdf 49 +Only slightly smaller in scope is the question of Why do we want/need 50 +AND 51 +whether nuclear energy production is an appropriate means to pursuit of that goal. 52 + 53 + 54 +====Second, the decision to develop nuclear energy is rooted indelibly in a consumeristic orientation that instrumentalizes nature and privileges the satisfaction of greed. ==== 55 +**Loy 13.** David Loy, (David Robert Loy is an American author and authorized teacher in the Sanbo Kyodan lineage of Japanese Zen Buddhism.) 4-1-2013, "The Three Nuclear Poisons," Huffington Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-loy/the-three-nuclear-poisons'b'2983534.html, accessed 9-2-2016 56 +Bracketed for grammar 57 +What causes dukkha? The four noble truths single out tanha 58 +AND 59 +restructure our societies according to the amount of renewable energy that’s safely available. 60 + 61 + 62 +====Finally, the instrumentalization of science is grounded in a fundamental violation of the Aristotelian precepts. The right way to respond to nature requires we conform ourselves to the world, not restructuring the world to suit us, which is the logic of consumerism. ==== 63 +**Lewis 2 ~~bracketed for gendered language~~.** C.S. Lewis ~~Professor at Oxford and Cambridge, author of numerous books on philosophy and Christianity~~. The Abolition of Man. 1943. 64 +My point may be clearer to some if it is put in a different form 65 +AND 66 +It it would not lose what Martin Buber calls the Thou-situation. 67 + 68 + 69 +===Contention 2 is Power=== 70 + 71 + 72 +====The aim of nuclear power production is a quest for power==== 73 +**Ellul 82,** Jacques. (Jacques Ellul was a French philosopher, professor, sociologist, lay theologian, and Christian anarchist.) A THEOLOGICAL REFLECTION ON .1 r NUCLEAR DEVELOPMENTS: j ! The Limits of Science, Technology, and Power. 1982. 74 +All atomic research is research for power. It is no longer simply "nuclear 75 +AND 76 +nuclear energy, which has no other objective than the pursuit of power. 77 + 78 + 79 +====Nuclear power production is motivated by corporate greed==== 80 +**Jacobs 11.** Ron Jacobs, (Ron Jacobs is the author of Daydream Sunset: Sixties Counterculture in the Seventies published by CounterPunch Books. He lives in Vermont. He can be reached at: ronj1955@gmail.com.) 3-12-2011, "When Greed Goes Radioactive," counterpunch.org, http://www.counterpunch.org/2011/03/15/when-greed-goes-radioactive/, accessed 9-10-2016. NP 81 +Recently, Duke Energy and Progress Energy, two of the largest energy corporations in 82 +AND 83 +safe. It’s because the energy industry is driven by profits and greed. 84 + 85 + 86 +====Instrumentalizing nature means we cannot properly orient ourselves towards it – the search for power over nature only leads to power of some over others ==== 87 +**Lewis 3.** C.S. Lewis ~~Professor at Oxford and Cambridge, author of numerous books on philosophy and Christianity~~. The Abolition of Man. 1943. 88 +Bracketed for gendered language 89 +'Man's conquest of Nature' is an expression often used to 90 +AND 91 +is ~~they are~~ also the prisoner who follows the triumphal car. 92 + 93 + 94 +===Underview=== 95 + 96 + 97 +====The state is inevitable- speaking the language of power through policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate.==== 98 +**Coverstone 5** Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) "Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact" Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17^^th^^ 2005 JW 11/18/15 99 +An important concern emerges when Mitchell describes reflexive fiat as a contest strategy capable of 100 +AND 101 +that is a fundamental cause of voter and participatory abstention in America today. 102 + 103 + 104 +====Excessive focus on discourse and representations kills the liberal movements you seek to promote.==== 105 +**Chait 15** Jonathan Chait "How the language police are perverting liberalism." NY Magazine January 275h 2015 http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/01/not-a-very-pc-thing-to-say.html JW 106 +Or maybe not. The p.c. style of politics has one serious 107 +AND 108 +that have become forbidden, so many attitudes that will get you cast out - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,56 @@ 1 +Excessive abstraction entrenches dominant power structures which causes oppression and rips ideal theory of its normative value. 2 +Mills 5 Charles W. Mills (John Evans Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy) ““Ideal Theory” as Ideology” Hypatia vol. 20, no. 3 (Summer 2005) JW 3 +Now what distinguishes 4 +AND 5 +the social order. 6 + 7 +Ethical frameworks that abstract away from concrete social conditions are violently appropriated – ethics that can be conscious of current deficits in society are key to overcome oppression 8 +Butler 5, Judith. Giving an Account of Oneself. Fordham University Press. 2005. NP 10/11/15. 9 +I would like 10 +AND 11 +ethos becomes violent. 12 + 13 +Thus the standard is minimizing structural violence. To clarify, structural violence refers to social institutions, structures or systemic problems that disadvantage individuals. 14 + 15 +Prefer the standard: 16 +1. Structural violence is a precondition to the instantiation of your ethical theory – we must undermine it to allow freedom 17 +Duquette David A. Duquette (Professor of Philosophy St. Norton’s College) “Hegel: Social and 18 +AND 19 +between distinct consciousnesses. 20 + 21 +Hate speech on the rise now—Trump. 22 +Okeowo 16 Alexis (New Yorker staff writer) “HATE ON THE RISE AFTER TRUMP’S ELECTION” The New Yorker November 16th 2016 http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/hate-on-the-rise-after-trumps-election JW 23 +Since Donald Trump 24 +AND 25 +report such incidents. 26 + 27 +Allowing open contestation of ideas without restriction leads to social progress—LGBTQ rights, feminism, and abolitionism prove. 28 +Rauch 13 Jonathan (contributing editor at The Atlantic and National Journal and a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.) “The Case for Hate Speech” The Atlantic November 2013 https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/11/the-case-for-hate-speech/309524/ JW 29 +A generation ago, 30 +AND 31 +to criticize us. 32 + 33 +Counterspeech solves hate speech—empirical examples prove. 34 +Calleros 95 (Charles, Winter, Professor of Law, Arizona State University, 27 Ariz. St. L.J. 1249, “PATERNALISM, COUNTERSPEECH, AND CAMPUS HATE-SPEECH CODES: A REPLY TO DELGADO AND YUN”, lexis) 35 +Delgado and Yun 36 +AND 37 +support for diversity. 38 + 39 +Social science proves counterspeech solves. 40 +Strossen 1 (Nadine, National President, American Civil Liberties Union; Professor of Law, New York Law School, 25 S. Ill. U. L. J. 243, “Incitement to Hatred: Should There Be a Limit?”, lexis) 41 +A study that 42 +AND 43 +prejudice and discrimination. 44 + 45 +This solves better than speech codes: 46 +A. Speech codes just drive hatefulness underground, which makes it impossible to address and more pernicious. 47 +ACLU 01 American Civil Liberty Union “Hate Speech on Campus” 2001 https://www.aclu.org/other/hate-speech-campus JW 48 +A: Bigoted speech is 49 +AND 50 +of racist ideas. 51 + 52 +B. Speech codes can be used against minorities—setting free speech precedents is key to social activism. 53 +ACLU 01 American Civil Liberty Union “Hate Speech on Campus” 2001 https://www.aclu.org/other/hate-speech-campus JW 54 +A: Free speech rights 55 +AND 56 +persons, we'll be next." - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,91 @@ 1 +Individuals must be considered to have a right to property, otherwise it’s impossible to consider them as volitional 2 +Kant, Immanuel. Kant: The Metaphysics of Morals (Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy) 2nd Edition. by Immanuel Kant (Author, philosopher), Mary J. Gregor (Editor), Roger J. Sullivan (Introduction). Cambridge University Press 1996. 1797. NP 8/2/16. 3 +It is possible 4 +AND 5 +mine or yours. 6 + 7 +Human beings can not reject their personality and ability to be free –reducing individuals to mere means makes ethics incoherent 8 +Kant 2, Immanuel. Kant: The Metaphysics of Morals (Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy) 2nd Edition. by Immanuel Kant (Author, philosopher), Mary J. Gregor (Editor), Roger J. Sullivan (Introduction). Cambridge University Press 1996. 1797. NP 8/2/16. 9 +A human being 10 +AND 11 +free from blame 12 + 13 +The ability to lay claim to property rights necessitates the existence of a collective will that can have power over individuals 14 +Kant 3, Immanuel. Kant: The Metaphysics of Morals (Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy) 2nd Edition. by Immanuel Kant (Author, philosopher), Mary J. Gregor (Editor), Roger J. Sullivan (Introduction). Cambridge University Press 1996. 1797. NP 8/2/16. 15 +Bracketed for gendered language 16 +When I declare 17 +AND 18 +a civil constitution. 19 + 20 +This outweighs – a) unilateral wills are only contingent – only an omnilateral will makes rights claims conclusive 21 +Kant 4, Immanuel. Kant: The Metaphysics of Morals (Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy) 2nd Edition. by Immanuel Kant (Author, philosopher), Mary J. Gregor (Editor), Roger J. Sullivan (Introduction). Cambridge University Press 1996. 1797. NP 8/2/16. 22 +No insight can 23 +AND 24 +mine or yours. 25 + 26 +b) rights must be derived a priori rather than a posteriori – the aff framework is the only way to derive state obligations 27 +Kant 5, Immanuel. Kant: The Metaphysics of Morals (Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy) 2nd Edition. by Immanuel Kant (Author, philosopher), Mary J. Gregor (Editor), Roger J. Sullivan (Introduction). Cambridge University Press 1996. 1797. NP 8/2/16. 28 +The concept of 29 +AND 30 +from using the object. 31 + 32 +c) it’s the only way to avoid property rights being contingent 33 +Kant 6, Immanuel. Kant: The Metaphysics of Morals (Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy) 2nd Edition. by Immanuel Kant (Author, philosopher), Mary J. Gregor (Editor), Roger J. Sullivan (Introduction). Cambridge University Press 1996. 1797. NP 8/2/16. 34 +So the way 35 +AND 36 +he contradicts himself. 37 + 38 +Thus, the standard is consistency with the omnilateral will. Put away your generic Kant answers – the aff uses Kantian political philosophy, not moral philosophy. 39 +Ripstein 9, Arthur. Force and Freedom: Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy. Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts . London, England 2009. NP 8/4/16. 40 +In the same 41 +AND 42 +person or property.43 43 + 44 +To clarify, the framework does not value the ability to set any end, but rather the ability to decide which ends to pursue 45 +Ripstein 9 2, Arthur. Force and Freedom: Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy. Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts . London, England 2009. NP 8/4/16. 46 +Independence is the 47 +AND 48 +right to independence 49 + 50 +Prefer additionally: 51 +Only a Kantian framework makes public education coherent – no public educational institutions can be free from the constraints of the omnilateral will. 52 +Ripstein 9 3. (Arthur Ripstein is a professor of law and of philosophy at the University of Toronto. He was appointed to the Department of Philosophy in 1987) Force and Freedom Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy Arthur Ripstein. Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts . London, England 2009. NP 2/12/17. 53 +The impossibility of 54 +AND 55 +protect their freedom. 56 + 57 +First, public universities and colleges are founded and operated by the state. 58 +Collegebound “Differences Between Public and Private Universities and Liberal Arts Colleges” http://www.collegebound.net/content/article/differences-between-public-and-private-universities-and-liberal-arts-colleges/18529/ JW 59 +In the US, 60 +AND 61 +into comprehensive universities. 62 + 63 +Public officials must make laws consistent with their inner standard of consistency – i.e. the constitution. Otherwise, the sovereign is in a place of contradiction with itself. 64 +Ripstein 9 4. (Arthur Ripstein is a professor of law and of philosophy at the University of Toronto. He was appointed to the Department of Philosophy in 1987) Force and Freedom Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy Arthur Ripstein. Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts . London, England 2009. Page 201-203. NP 2/12/17. 65 +The idea of 66 +AND 67 +of inner consistency. 68 + 69 +Second, laws are only legitimate if individuals could agree to impose them on themselves. One could not agree to a condition of enforceable passivity where freedom of expression is abrogated – it would undermine rightful honor. 70 +Ripstein 9 5. (Arthur Ripstein is a professor of law and of philosophy at the University of Toronto. He was appointed to the Department of Philosophy in 1987) Force and Freedom Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy Arthur Ripstein. Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts . London, England 2009. NP 2/12/17. 71 +Innate right has 72 +AND 73 +their rightful honor. 74 + 75 +Third, freedom of expression is a necessary component of your status as a person and an entitlement of right – protected speech can not wrong others 76 +Ripstein 9 6. (Arthur Ripstein is a professor of law and of philosophy at the University of Toronto. He was appointed to the Department of Philosophy in 1987) Force and Freedom Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy Arthur Ripstein. Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts . London, England 2009. NP 2/12/17. 77 +Instead of advantage, 78 +AND 79 +arrangements with you. 80 + 81 +Fourth, censorship of criticism of the ruler’s political opinions would undermine their power and legitimacy 82 +David 83 summarizes and quotes Kant 1. KANTS FOURTH DEFENSE OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION1 Michael Davis (Illinois State University, Michael Davis is a member of the Philosophy Department of Illinois State University, having received his Ph. D. from the University of Michigan. His research interests include social contract theory (where the contract is actual, not hypothetical), standards for just punishment, and morality as the work of a “moral legislature.”) March 1983. NP 2/13/17. bracketed for gendered language 83 +“The citizen must,” 84 +AND 85 +and self-assurance. 86 + 87 +Fifth, censorship is inconsistent with the initial foundation of right and leads to contradiction with the basis for the government’s power 88 +David 83 summarizes and quotes Kant 2. KANTS FOURTH DEFENSE OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION1 Michael Davis (Illinois State University, Michael Davis is a member of the Philosophy Department of Illinois State University, having received his Ph. D. from the University of Michigan. His research interests include social contract theory (where the contract is actual, not hypothetical), standards for just punishment, and morality as the work of a “moral legislature.”) March 1983. NP 2/13/17. bracketed for gendered language 89 +What is the 90 +AND 91 +his subjects’ rationality. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,94 @@ 1 +Individuals must be considered to have a right to property, otherwise it’s impossible to consider them as volitional 2 +Kant, Immanuel. Kant: The Metaphysics of Morals (Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy) 2nd Edition. by Immanuel Kant (Author, philosopher), Mary J. Gregor (Editor), Roger J. Sullivan (Introduction). Cambridge University Press 1996. 1797. NP 8/2/16. 3 +It is possible 4 +AND 5 +mine or yours. 6 + 7 +Human beings can not reject their personality and ability to be free –reducing individuals to mere means makes ethics incoherent 8 +Kant 2, Immanuel. Kant: The Metaphysics of Morals (Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy) 2nd Edition. by Immanuel Kant (Author, philosopher), Mary J. Gregor (Editor), Roger J. Sullivan (Introduction). Cambridge University Press 1996. 1797. NP 8/2/16. 9 +A human being 10 +AND 11 +free from blame 12 + 13 +The ability to lay claim to property rights necessitates the existence of a collective will that can have power over individuals 14 +Kant 3, Immanuel. Kant: The Metaphysics of Morals (Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy) 2nd Edition. by Immanuel Kant (Author, philosopher), Mary J. Gregor (Editor), Roger J. Sullivan (Introduction). Cambridge University Press 1996. 1797. NP 8/2/16. 15 +Bracketed for gendered language 16 +When I declare 17 +AND 18 +a civil constitution. 19 + 20 +This outweighs – unilateral wills are only contingent – only an omnilateral will makes rights claims conclusive 21 +Kant 4, Immanuel. Kant: The Metaphysics of Morals (Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy) 2nd Edition. by Immanuel Kant (Author, philosopher), Mary J. Gregor (Editor), Roger J. Sullivan (Introduction). Cambridge University Press 1996. 1797. NP 8/2/16. 22 +No insight can 23 +AND 24 +mine or yours. 25 + 26 + 27 + 28 +Thus, the standard is consistency with the omnilateral will. Put away your generic Kant answers – the aff uses Kantian political philosophy, not moral philosophy. 29 +Ripstein 9, Arthur. Force and Freedom: Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy. Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts . London, England 2009. NP 8/4/16. 30 +In the same 31 +AND 32 +person or property.43 33 + 34 +Prefer additionally: 35 +Only a Kantian framework makes public education coherent – no public educational institutions can be free from the constraints of the omnilateral will. 36 +Ripstein 9 3. (Arthur Ripstein is a professor of law and of philosophy at the University of Toronto. He was appointed to the Department of Philosophy in 1987) Force and Freedom Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy Arthur Ripstein. Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts . London, England 2009. NP 2/12/17. 37 +The impossibility of 38 +AND 39 +protect their freedom. 40 + 41 +First, public universities and colleges are founded and operated by the state. 42 +Collegebound “Differences Between Public and Private Universities and Liberal Arts Colleges” http://www.collegebound.net/content/article/differences-between-public-and-private-universities-and-liberal-arts-colleges/18529/ JW 43 +In the US, 44 +AND 45 +into comprehensive universities. 46 + 47 +Public officials must make laws consistent with their inner standard of consistency – i.e. the constitution. Otherwise, the sovereign is in a place of contradiction with itself. 48 +Ripstein 9 4. (Arthur Ripstein is a professor of law and of philosophy at the University of Toronto. He was appointed to the Department of Philosophy in 1987) Force and Freedom Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy Arthur Ripstein. Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts . London, England 2009. Page 201-203. NP 2/12/17. 49 +The idea of 50 +AND 51 +of inner consistency. 52 + 53 +Second, laws are only legitimate if individuals could agree to impose them on themselves. One could not agree to a condition of enforceable passivity where freedom of expression is abrogated – it would undermine rightful honor. 54 +Ripstein 9 5. (Arthur Ripstein is a professor of law and of philosophy at the University of Toronto. He was appointed to the Department of Philosophy in 1987) Force and Freedom Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy Arthur Ripstein. Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts . London, England 2009. NP 2/12/17. 55 +Innate right has 56 +AND 57 +their rightful honor. 58 + 59 +Third, freedom of expression is a necessary component of your status as a person and an entitlement of right – protected speech can not wrong others 60 +Ripstein 9 6. (Arthur Ripstein is a professor of law and of philosophy at the University of Toronto. He was appointed to the Department of Philosophy in 1987) Force and Freedom Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy Arthur Ripstein. Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts . London, England 2009. NP 2/12/17. 61 +Instead of advantage, 62 +AND 63 +arrangements with you. 64 + 65 +Fourth, censorship of criticism of the ruler’s political opinions would undermine their power and legitimacy 66 +David 83 summarizes and quotes Kant 1. KANTS FOURTH DEFENSE OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION1 Michael Davis (Illinois State University, Michael Davis is a member of the Philosophy Department of Illinois State University, having received his Ph. D. from the University of Michigan. His research interests include social contract theory (where the contract is actual, not hypothetical), standards for just punishment, and morality as the work of a “moral legislature.”) March 1983. NP 2/13/17. bracketed for gendered language 67 +“The citizen must,” 68 +AND 69 +and self-assurance. 70 + 71 +Fifth, censorship is inconsistent with the initial foundation of right and leads to contradiction with the basis for the government’s power 72 +David 83 summarizes and quotes Kant 2. KANTS FOURTH DEFENSE OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION1 Michael Davis (Illinois State University, Michael Davis is a member of the Philosophy Department of Illinois State University, having received his Ph. D. from the University of Michigan. His research interests include social contract theory (where the contract is actual, not hypothetical), standards for just punishment, and morality as the work of a “moral legislature.”) March 1983. NP 2/13/17. bracketed for gendered language 73 +What is the 74 +AND 75 +his subjects’ rationality. 76 + 77 +Underview 78 +2. Only a fixed ideal of the good even allows conceptual space for radical alteration and change. The pure moral vision of the NC is even a prerequisite for the radical alterity of the aff – this provides the only grounds for resistance to oppressive norms 79 +Chesterton. Orthodoxy. 1908. http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/130/pg130-images.html 80 +This, therefore, is 81 +AND 82 +our first requirement. 83 + 84 +3. Even if there is material manifestation of change, there must be a fixed notion of the good to make sense of difference 85 +Chesterton, Gilbert K. Heretics. 1905. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/470/470-h/470-h.htm 86 +But certainly the 87 +AND 88 +instance) growing fatter. 89 + 90 +4. Ignore role of the ballots that say that we should view the debate round in terms of what makes it most useful is wrong ~-~- the move to instrumentalize our thought is epistemic arrogance. 91 +Justin W: (Justin W. “The Unpredictable Progress of Knowledge,” Dailynous. May 20, 2016//FT) 92 +The whole thing 93 +AND 94 +we really are. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,79 @@ 1 +First, all inquiry starts with a purpose - the ultimate end of thought is the production of belief and the satisfaction of doubt. Ethics is thus aimed at practical ends. 2 +C. S. Peirce. “How to Make Our Ideas Clear (1878).” The Essential Peirce: Selected Philosophical Writings. Volume 1 (1867-1893. Edited by Nathan Houser and Christian Kloesel. Indian University Press. 124-142 3 +The principles set 4 +AND 5 +of the object. 6 + 7 +Second, all reasoning is practically motivated, all we seek for are answers that alleviate the practical problem of doubt, there is no way for the mind to latch onto anything more. 8 +Peirce B: Peirce, C.S. American Philosopher “How to Make Our Ideas Clear.” The Essential Peirce: Selected Philosophical Writings, Volume 1 (1867-1893). Edited by Nathan Houser and Christian Kloesel. Indian University Press, 1992. MT 9 +The irritation of 10 +AND 11 +with questioning everything! 12 + 13 +And the pragmatic theory spills over into not just the content of ethics, but the very modes of making ethical decisions. 14 +John Dewey a. “The Problem of Logical Subject Matter.” 1938 From Logic: The Theory of Inquiry. The Essential Dewey: Ethics, Logic, Psychology. Volume 2. Edited by Hickman and Alexander. Indian University Press. 157-169. 15 +The word knowledge 16 +AND 17 +in further inquiry. 18 + 19 +Thus, we cannot just look at which policies best accomplish our purposes. We must to construct procedural mechanisms for social decision making that allow pragmatic advancement given changing ends – this supports a pragmatic theory of democracy. 20 +Dewey b. John Dewey, "Democracy and Educational Administration," School and Society 45 (April 3, 1937); 457-67. NP 2/15/17. bracketed for gendered language 21 +Democracy is much 22 +AND 23 +way of life. 24 + 25 +Additionally, democracy is necessary for adequate social inquiry and to recognize the individual. This means I preclude and turn ends and means based NCs. 26 +Matthew Festenstein, "Dewey's Political Philosophy", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2014 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2014/entries/dewey-political/. 27 +This way of 28 +AND 29 +of classical liberalism. 30 + 31 +Thus the standard is consistency with pragmatic democratic decision procedure. Impact calculus – this is not utilitarianism or rule util – it’s not a question of maximizing given ends, but following a certain procedure. 32 +Advocacy 33 +I defend the whole resolution, but I’m willing to specify further in CX. 34 +Contention 35 +The thesis and sole contention is that the procedural constraints on a pragmatist approach to democratic policy require educational spaces to protect free speech. 36 +First, the constitutional protections of free speech have been shaped by a long history of pragmatist methodology. This provides extremely strong epistemic grounds for maintaining and strengthening the procedure. 37 +Bean and Elbow summarize Dewey. Janet Bean and Peter Elbow. FREEWRITING AND FREE SPEECH: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE. JOURNAL OF TEACHING WRITING VOLUME 25.1 38 +Free speech would 39 +AND 40 +the ultimate good. 41 + 42 +This links back to the standard and precludes standard link-turns given the genetic and historical nature of the offense. 43 +John Dewey c. “The Evolutionary Method as Applied to Morality: II. Its Significance for Conduct.” The Philosophical Review, Vol. 11, No. 4 (Jul., 1902), pp. 353-371. Accessed through JSTOR 44 +The reply already 45 +AND 46 +necessary in function. 47 + 48 +Second, the aff is necessary to maintain space for individualism within education contexts. 49 +Dewey e, John. Democracy And Education : An Introduction To The Philosophy Of Education. Waiheke Island: The Floating Press, 2009. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 9 Feb. 2017. NP 50 +It is not 51 +AND 52 +thing of it. 53 + 54 + 55 +This links to the standard because only by maintaining intellectual individualism do we have leave space for future democratic development. 56 +Dewey f, John. Democracy And Education : An Introduction To The Philosophy Of Education. Waiheke Island: The Floating Press, 2009. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 9 Feb. 2017. NP 57 +A just philosophic 58 +AND 59 +ignored and denied. 60 + 61 + 62 +And indeed, a recognition of persons as individuals provides powerful independent reason to maintain academic freedom of speech. Only through such freedom can we respond with the needed flexibility to individual and particular persons. Restrictions of free-speech denies the particularity of persons. 63 +Phillips and Siegel 15 summarize and quote Dewey. Phillips, D.C. and Siegel, Harvey, "Philosophy of Education", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2015 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2015/entries/education-philosophy/. NP 2/9/17. 64 +Plato's educational scheme 65 +AND 66 +the modern world?) 67 + 68 +Third, Pragmatism supports freedom of expression, because freedom of expression is the only way to have reliable and effective radical revisions of society. Freedom of expression is the only viable methodology for social change left. 69 +Rosenfeld 98 summarizes Rorty. Just Interpretations Law between Ethics and Politics Michel Rosenfeld UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley · Los Angeles · Oxford © 1998 The Regents of the University of California. NP 2/10/17. 70 +The political means 71 +AND 72 +rather than ends. 73 + 74 +U/V 75 +2. My method of education helps students become critical of existing structures and what they’re taught 76 +Rorty 99, Richard. (1999a). Education as socialization and as individualization. In R. Rorty (Ed.), Philosophy and social hope. New York: Penguin Books. NP 2/12/17. 77 +We Deweyans think 78 +AND 79 +of college students. - EntryDate
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