Changes for page Hebron Lalani Aff
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@ 1 -XWiki. alymuhammedlalani@gmailcom1 +xwiki:XWiki.Admin
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... ... @@ -1,3 +1,0 @@ 1 -If I haven't disclosed which is highly unlikely, ask me before our round and I'll be more than happy to inform you. If you have any questions, concerns, feel free to contact me at lalanidebate@gmail.com 2 - 3 -I disclose on behalf of the Hebron High School LD team so whoever you hit most probably runs the same things as me. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,20 +1,0 @@ 1 -==Structural Violence FW== 2 -====Resisting Structural Violence has to come first in debate round. ==== 3 -**Wise 8** Tim Wise 8 (Race Relations Specialist, Activst, Orator), White Like Me, 2008 96 - 97 – Hebron AL 4 -Until the voices of economically and racially marginalized persons are given equal weight in debate 5 -AND 6 -desperately need to listen to those who live without the luxury of blinders. 7 - 8 - 9 -====First, structural violence is based in moral exclusion, which is fundamentally flawed.==== 10 -**Winter and Leighton 99**, Deborah DuNann Winter (Psychologist) and Dana C. Leighton (PhD at University of Arkansas), 2009, "Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century." – Hebron AL 11 -Finally, to recognize the operation of structural violence forces us to ask questions about 12 -AND 13 -local cultures, will be our most surefooted path to building lasting peace. 14 - 15 - 16 -====Second, debate should deal with questions of real-world consequences—ideal theories ignore the concrete nature of the world and legitimize oppression.==== 17 -**Curry 14**, Dr. Tommy J. Curry (Professor at AandM), 1/2-2014, "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century, "Victory Briefs – Hebron AL 18 -Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real 19 -AND 20 -used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,49 +1,0 @@ 1 -==Utilitarianism FW== 2 - 3 - 4 -====The standard is maximizing utility. ==== 5 - 6 - 7 -====First, reductionism.==== 8 - 9 - 10 -====Brain studies prove personal identity doesn't exist. ==== 11 -**Parfit 84**^^^^Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons (Oxford: Clarendon, 1984). – Hebron AL 12 -Some recent medical cases provide striking evidence in favour of the Reductionist View. Human 13 -AND 14 -, and can receive two different answers written by this person's two hands. 15 - 16 - 17 -====In the absence of personal identity, only end states can matter ==== 18 -**Shoemaker 99**^^^^Shoemaker, David (Dept of Philosophy, U Memphis). "Utilitarianism and Personal Identity." The Journal of Value Inquiry 33: 183–199, 1999. http://www.csun.edu/~~ds56723/jvipaper.pdf - Hebron AL 19 -Extreme reductionism might lend support to utilitarianism in the following way. Many people claim 20 -AND 21 -, would be the most plausible. Utilitarianism is just such a theory. 22 - 23 - 24 -====Second, moral uncertainty means that extinction comes first under any moral system.==== 25 -**Bostrom 1**^^^^Nick Bostrom, 2001 prof of Philosophy, Oxford University ~~ Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, March 2002. First version: 2001 March, JStor – Hebron AL 26 -~~Brackets for clarity~~ These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest~~s~~ an 27 -AND 28 -to increase the probability that the future will contain a lot of value. 29 - 30 - 31 -====Third, respect for human worth would justify util. ==== 32 -**Cummiskey 90**^^^^Cummiskey, David. Associate professor of philosophy at the University of Chicago. "Kantian Consequentiaism." Ethics 100 (April 1990), University of Chicago. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2381810 - Hebron AL 33 -We must not obscure the issue by characterizing this type of case as the sacrifice 34 -AND 35 -a fundamental equality that dictates that some must sometimes give way for the sake 36 - 37 - 38 -====Fourth, the very nature of the US government is to maximize utility. ==== 39 -**Abraham Lincoln 1864**^^^^Lincoln, Abraham (16^^th^^ President of the US, Solid beard, Stopped slavery, Posthumous National Wrestling Hall of Fame inductee). Letter to A.G. Hodges. 4 April 1864. – Hebron AL 40 -I am naturally anti-slavery. If slavery is not wrong, nothing is 41 -AND 42 -should permit the wreck of government, country, and Constitution all together. 43 - 44 - 45 -====Fifth, universalizability justifies util. ==== 46 -**Singer 93**^^^^Peter Singer, "Practical Ethics," Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, 1993, pp. 13-14 – Hebron AL 47 -The universal aspect of ethics, I suggest, does provide a persuasive, although 48 -AND 49 -the course of action most likely to maximize the interests of those affected. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,49 +1,0 @@ 1 -==Consequentialism FW== 2 - 3 - 4 -====The standard is consequentialism. ==== 5 - 6 - 7 -====First, reductionism.==== 8 - 9 - 10 -====Brain studies prove personal identity doesn't exist. ==== 11 -**Parfit 84**^^^^Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons (Oxford: Clarendon, 1984). – Hebron AL 12 -Some recent medical cases provide striking evidence in favour of the Reductionist View. Human 13 -AND 14 -, and can receive two different answers written by this person's two hands. 15 - 16 - 17 -====In the absence of personal identity, only end states can matter ==== 18 -**Shoemaker 99**^^^^Shoemaker, David (Dept of Philosophy, U Memphis). "Utilitarianism and Personal Identity." The Journal of Value Inquiry 33: 183–199, 1999. http://www.csun.edu/~~ds56723/jvipaper.pdf - Hebron AL 19 -Extreme reductionism might lend support to utilitarianism in the following way. Many people claim 20 -AND 21 -, would be the most plausible. Utilitarianism is just such a theory. 22 - 23 - 24 -====Second, moral uncertainty means that extinction comes first under any moral system.==== 25 -**Bostrom 1**^^^^Nick Bostrom, 2001 prof of Philosophy, Oxford University ~~ Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, March 2002. First version: 2001 March, JStor – Hebron AL 26 -~~Brackets for clarity~~ These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest~~s~~ an 27 -AND 28 -to increase the probability that the future will contain a lot of value. 29 - 30 - 31 -====Third, respect for human worth would justify util. ==== 32 -**Cummiskey 90**^^^^Cummiskey, David. Associate professor of philosophy at the University of Chicago. "Kantian Consequentiaism." Ethics 100 (April 1990), University of Chicago. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2381810 - Hebron AL 33 -We must not obscure the issue by characterizing this type of case as the sacrifice 34 -AND 35 -a fundamental equality that dictates that some must sometimes give way for the sake 36 - 37 - 38 -====Fourth, governments have a specific obligation to be utilitarian.==== 39 -**Woller 97** BYU Prof., "An Overview by Gary Woller", A Forum on the Role of Environmental Ethics, June 1997, pg. 10 – Hebron AL 40 -~~Brackets for clarity~~ Moreover, virtually all public policies entail some redistribution of 41 -AND 42 -regulatory unreasonableness while failing to adequately address the problem or actually making it worse 43 - 44 - 45 -====Fifth, universalizability justifies util. ==== 46 -**Singer 93**^^^^Peter Singer, "Practical Ethics," Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, 1993, pp. 13-14 – Hebron AL 47 -The universal aspect of ethics, I suggest, does provide a persuasive, although 48 -AND 49 -the course of action most likely to maximize the interests of those affected. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,20 +1,0 @@ 1 -==Theory Deterrence UV== 2 - 3 - 4 -====1. Don't vote on presumption or permissibility because human fallibility means there's always a non-zero risk of offense. If you do presume, then presume aff to offset 7-4-6-3 time skew and the 8 neg bias last year^^ ^^ and at the TOC specifically^^ ^^ which impact turn his shells. TOC stats come first; they account for time skew, highest level, and all other factors to determine net effect, and analytics get overstated by debaters to win rounds. ==== 5 - 6 - 7 -====2. Neg burden is to win offense to a post-fiat advocacy. Offense-defense is key to fairness and real world education.==== 8 -Nelson 8 Adam F. Nelson, J.D.1. Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Lincoln-Douglas Debate. 2008. – Hebron AS 9 -And the truth-statement model of the resolution imposes an absolute burden of proof 10 -AND 11 -know how the various options affect us and the world we live in. 12 - 13 - 14 -====3. The neg must defend one unconditional advocacy. Conditionality is bad because it makes the neg a moving target which kills 1AR strategy. He'll kick it if I cover it and extend it if I undercover it, meaning I have no strategic options. Also, it's unreciprocal because I can't kick the AC.==== 15 - 16 - 17 -====4. Err aff against theory. Intervention's inevitable in blippy theory debates. Gut checking minimizes it long term by reducing the number of debates resolved on blippy, dropped spikes. I'm reading a stock aff at the core of the lit, and it's on the wiki.==== 18 - 19 - 20 -====5. Independently, voting on theory encourages more frivolous theory in future rounds which crowds out topic education. Any aff abuse must be weighed against this innate DA to theory, which sets a non-arbitrary brightline for reasonability.==== - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ 1 1 =Shmoney Team AC= 2 2 3 -(Trash AC, Never going to run it again) 4 4 4 + 5 5 ====Plan Text: The United States Federal Government ought to limit Qualified Immunity for Police Officers. ==== 6 6 7 7 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,10 +1,0 @@ 1 -1AC 2 -Util FW 3 -Util AC 4 -Theory Deterrence UV 5 -(This AC is v bad I'll never run this again) 6 - 7 -1NC 8 -State Bad K 9 -Wilderson K 10 -Two DA's - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,3 @@ 1 +If I haven't disclosed which is highly unlikely, ask me before our round and I'll be more than happy to inform you. If you have any questions, concerns, feel free to contact me at lalanidebate@gmail.com 2 + 3 +I disclose on behalf of the Hebron High School LD team so whoever you hit most probably runs the same things as me. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,20 @@ 1 +==Structural Violence FW== 2 +====Resisting Structural Violence has to come first in debate round. ==== 3 +**Wise 8** Tim Wise 8 (Race Relations Specialist, Activst, Orator), White Like Me, 2008 96 - 97 – Hebron AL 4 +Until the voices of economically and racially marginalized persons are given equal weight in debate 5 +AND 6 +desperately need to listen to those who live without the luxury of blinders. 7 + 8 + 9 +====First, structural violence is based in moral exclusion, which is fundamentally flawed.==== 10 +**Winter and Leighton 99**, Deborah DuNann Winter (Psychologist) and Dana C. Leighton (PhD at University of Arkansas), 2009, "Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century." – Hebron AL 11 +Finally, to recognize the operation of structural violence forces us to ask questions about 12 +AND 13 +local cultures, will be our most surefooted path to building lasting peace. 14 + 15 + 16 +====Second, debate should deal with questions of real-world consequences—ideal theories ignore the concrete nature of the world and legitimize oppression.==== 17 +**Curry 14**, Dr. Tommy J. Curry (Professor at AandM), 1/2-2014, "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century, "Victory Briefs – Hebron AL 18 +Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real 19 +AND 20 +used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,49 @@ 1 +==Utilitarianism FW== 2 + 3 + 4 +====The standard is maximizing utility. ==== 5 + 6 + 7 +====First, reductionism.==== 8 + 9 + 10 +====Brain studies prove personal identity doesn't exist. ==== 11 +**Parfit 84** ^^^^Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons (Oxford: Clarendon, 1984). – Hebron AL 12 +Some recent medical cases provide striking evidence in favour of the Reductionist View. Human 13 +AND 14 +, and can receive two different answers written by this person's two hands. 15 + 16 + 17 +====In the absence of personal identity, only end states can matter ==== 18 +**Shoemaker 99** ^^^^Shoemaker, David (Dept of Philosophy, U Memphis). "Utilitarianism and Personal Identity." The Journal of Value Inquiry 33: 183–199, 1999. http://www.csun.edu/~~ds56723/jvipaper.pdf - Hebron AL 19 +Extreme reductionism might lend support to utilitarianism in the following way. Many people claim 20 +AND 21 +, would be the most plausible. Utilitarianism is just such a theory. 22 + 23 + 24 +====Second, moral uncertainty means that extinction comes first under any moral system.==== 25 +**Bostrom 1** ^^^^Nick Bostrom, 2001 prof of Philosophy, Oxford University ~~ Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, March 2002. First version: 2001 March, JStor – Hebron AL 26 +~~Brackets for clarity~~ These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest~~s~~ an 27 +AND 28 +to increase the probability that the future will contain a lot of value. 29 + 30 + 31 +====Third, respect for human worth would justify util. ==== 32 +**Cummiskey 90** ^^^^Cummiskey, David. Associate professor of philosophy at the University of Chicago. "Kantian Consequentiaism." Ethics 100 (April 1990), University of Chicago. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2381810 - Hebron AL 33 +We must not obscure the issue by characterizing this type of case as the sacrifice 34 +AND 35 +a fundamental equality that dictates that some must sometimes give way for the sake 36 + 37 + 38 +====Fourth, the very nature of the US government is to maximize utility. ==== 39 +**Abraham Lincoln 1864** ^^^^Lincoln, Abraham (16^^th^^ President of the US, Solid beard, Stopped slavery, Posthumous National Wrestling Hall of Fame inductee). Letter to A.G. Hodges. 4 April 1864. – Hebron AL 40 +I am naturally anti-slavery. If slavery is not wrong, nothing is 41 +AND 42 +should permit the wreck of government, country, and Constitution all together. 43 + 44 + 45 +====Fifth, universalizability justifies util. ==== 46 +**Singer 93** ^^^^Peter Singer, "Practical Ethics," Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, 1993, pp. 13-14 – Hebron AL 47 +The universal aspect of ethics, I suggest, does provide a persuasive, although 48 +AND 49 +the course of action most likely to maximize the interests of those affected. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2016-11-20 01:27:12.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,49 @@ 1 +==Consequentialism FW== 2 + 3 + 4 +====The standard is consequentialism. ==== 5 + 6 + 7 +====First, reductionism.==== 8 + 9 + 10 +====Brain studies prove personal identity doesn't exist. ==== 11 +**Parfit 84** ^^^^Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons (Oxford: Clarendon, 1984). – Hebron AL 12 +Some recent medical cases provide striking evidence in favour of the Reductionist View. Human 13 +AND 14 +, and can receive two different answers written by this person's two hands. 15 + 16 + 17 +====In the absence of personal identity, only end states can matter ==== 18 +**Shoemaker 99** ^^^^Shoemaker, David (Dept of Philosophy, U Memphis). "Utilitarianism and Personal Identity." The Journal of Value Inquiry 33: 183–199, 1999. http://www.csun.edu/~~ds56723/jvipaper.pdf - Hebron AL 19 +Extreme reductionism might lend support to utilitarianism in the following way. Many people claim 20 +AND 21 +, would be the most plausible. Utilitarianism is just such a theory. 22 + 23 + 24 +====Second, moral uncertainty means that extinction comes first under any moral system.==== 25 +**Bostrom 1** ^^^^Nick Bostrom, 2001 prof of Philosophy, Oxford University ~~ Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, March 2002. First version: 2001 March, JStor – Hebron AL 26 +~~Brackets for clarity~~ These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest~~s~~ an 27 +AND 28 +to increase the probability that the future will contain a lot of value. 29 + 30 + 31 +====Third, respect for human worth would justify util. ==== 32 +**Cummiskey 90** ^^^^Cummiskey, David. Associate professor of philosophy at the University of Chicago. "Kantian Consequentiaism." Ethics 100 (April 1990), University of Chicago. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2381810 - Hebron AL 33 +We must not obscure the issue by characterizing this type of case as the sacrifice 34 +AND 35 +a fundamental equality that dictates that some must sometimes give way for the sake 36 + 37 + 38 +====Fourth, governments have a specific obligation to be utilitarian.==== 39 +**Woller 97** BYU Prof., "An Overview by Gary Woller", A Forum on the Role of Environmental Ethics, June 1997, pg. 10 – Hebron AL 40 +~~Brackets for clarity~~ Moreover, virtually all public policies entail some redistribution of 41 +AND 42 +regulatory unreasonableness while failing to adequately address the problem or actually making it worse 43 + 44 + 45 +====Fifth, universalizability justifies util. ==== 46 +**Singer 93** ^^^^Peter Singer, "Practical Ethics," Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, 1993, pp. 13-14 – Hebron AL 47 +The universal aspect of ethics, I suggest, does provide a persuasive, although 48 +AND 49 +the course of action most likely to maximize the interests of those affected. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,20 @@ 1 +==Theory Deterrence UV== 2 + 3 + 4 +====1. Don't vote on presumption or permissibility because human fallibility means there's always a non-zero risk of offense. If you do presume, then presume aff to offset 7-4-6-3 time skew and the 8 neg bias last year^^ ^^ and at the TOC specifically^^ ^^ which impact turn his shells. TOC stats come first; they account for time skew, highest level, and all other factors to determine net effect, and analytics get overstated by debaters to win rounds. ==== 5 + 6 + 7 +====2. Neg burden is to win offense to a post-fiat advocacy. Offense-defense is key to fairness and real world education.==== 8 +**Nelson 8** Adam F. Nelson, J.D.1. Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Lincoln-Douglas Debate. 2008. – Hebron AS 9 +And the truth-statement model of the resolution imposes an absolute burden of proof 10 +AND 11 +know how the various options affect us and the world we live in. 12 + 13 + 14 +====3. The neg must defend one unconditional advocacy. Conditionality is bad because it makes the neg a moving target which kills 1AR strategy. He'll kick it if I cover it and extend it if I undercover it, meaning I have no strategic options. Also, it's unreciprocal because I can't kick the AC.==== 15 + 16 + 17 +====4. Err aff against theory. Intervention's inevitable in blippy theory debates. Gut checking minimizes it long term by reducing the number of debates resolved on blippy, dropped spikes. I'm reading a stock aff at the core of the lit, and it's on the wiki.==== 18 + 19 + 20 +====5. Independently, voting on theory encourages more frivolous theory in future rounds which crowds out topic education. Any aff abuse must be weighed against this innate DA to theory, which sets a non-arbitrary brightline for reasonability.==== - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,89 @@ 1 +=1AC= 2 + 3 + 4 +==Contention One: Homo Sacer== 5 + 6 + 7 +====In the beginning, there was zoe – the state of merely biological life common to all beings. From there the West constructed the category of bios – the category of political life common to those under the protection of the law.==== 8 + 9 + 10 +====The fundamental paradigm of all modern politics is the state of exception, a mode of biopolitical control that suspends the law so as to strip people of political agency and reduce them to bare life.==== 11 +**Agamben 98** Agamben, Giorgio(Italian philosopher best known for his work investigating the concepts of the state of exception, form-of-life and homo sacer. The concept of biopolitics informs many of his writings, professor of philosophy at the University of Verona, Homo Sacer, pg. 8-9) - Hebron AL 12 +The protagonist of this book is bare life, that is, the life of 13 +AND 14 +the bare life of the citizen, the new biopolitical body of humanity. 15 + 16 + 17 +====Sovereign violence is epitomized by the figure of the police, who proclaim the state of exception through the selective suspension of the law to produce killable bodies. The modern police state excludes bare life from the sphere of humanity in the name of security.==== 18 +**Agamben 2k** Agamben, Giorgio( Italian philosopher best known for his work investigating the concepts of the state of exception, form-of-life and homo sacer. The concept of biopolitics informs many of his writings). "Sovereign Police." Means without End: Notes on Politics. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota, 2000. 103-07 – Hebron AL 19 +One of the least ambiguous lessons learned from the Gulf War is that the concept 20 +AND 21 +fact, not show in the end their original proximity to the criminal. 22 + 23 + 24 +====Qualified immunity institutes the state of exception by allowing the police to selectively strip political protections.==== 25 +**Reinhardt 15** Stephen R. Reinhardt, ~~Circuit Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit~~, "The Demise of Habeas Corpus and the Rise of Qualified Immunity: The Court's Ever Increasing Limitations on the Development and Enforcement of Constitutional Rights and some Particularly Unfortunate Consequences," Michigan Law Review, Vol. 113, 2015. - Hebron AL 26 +The Court has often remarked that "to perform its high function in the best 27 +AND 28 +the more lenient state statute, were seemingly reserved for black defendants alone. 29 + 30 + 31 +====State lawfare is founded upon the production of killable bodies through the operation of racialized necropolitics and the police sovereign's "right to kill", the introduction of a distinction between who must live and die.==== 32 + 33 + 34 +====The extension of the state of exception to the very bodies of its victims results in social death, the status of non-existence.==== 35 +**Taylor 13** Taylor, Jack. ""We Are All Oscar Grant": Police Brutality, Death, and the Work of Mourning - Taylor - 2013 - Transforming Anthropology - Wiley Online Library." "We Are All Oscar Grant": Police Brutality, Death, and the Work of Mourning. AnthroSource, 9 Sept. 2013. Web. 12 Nov. 2016 – Hebron AL 36 +I utilize deconstructive maneuvers and suggest that the images and memorials that emerged to memorialize 37 +AND 38 +the State and thus renders them subject to violent encounters with the State. 39 + 40 + 41 +====Today's state of exception is not only permanent but global – all are made vulnerable within a global state of exception that strips them of their very subjectivity to produce a state of living death.==== 42 +**Taylor 10** Mark Lewis Taylor "Today's State of Exception: Abu-Jamal, Agamben, Janmohamed, and The Democratic State of Emergency" Mark Lewis Taylor is Maxwell M. Upson Professor of Theology and Culture at Princeton Theological Seminary. April 2010 http://marklewistaylor.net/wpcontent/uploads/2012/10/Political.Theology.Essay_.Mumia_.Agamben.pdf do: 11/3/15 - Hebron AL 43 +"Bare life" is a stripping away of a person's subjectivity, their humanity 44 +AND 45 +martial law that are so destructive now, even for the West.18 46 + 47 + 48 +==Contention Two: Whatever-Being== 49 + 50 + 51 +====All modern communities and politics are founded upon exclusion – the exclusion of non-Americans, non-whites, and beings who are non-political. Vote Aff to call for the coming community based on the unconditional acceptance of the Other, whatever they are.==== 52 +**Robinson 11** Andrew, is a political theorist and activist at Ceasefire, Ceasefire, "In Theory Giorgio Agamben: destroying sovereignty", 1/21/11, https://ceasefiremagazine.co.uk/in-theory-giorgio-agamben-destroying-sovereignty/ – Hebron AL 53 +Agamben proposes 'whatever-singularity' as an alternative basis for political action, which 54 +AND 55 +yet is rendered different by the removal of the transcendent moment of sovereignty. 56 + 57 + 58 +====Group identification necessitates Otherization for communities to define themselves in opposition. The coming community views everybody as whatever-being, who must be protected "whatever" they are. Only the refusal of identification can solve the root of all exclusion.==== 59 +**Shaffer 7 **(Butler, teaches at the Southwestern University School of Law. B.S., Law, 1958, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; B.A., Political Science, 1959, and J.D., 1961, University of Chicago; Member, Colorado and Nebraska State Bars. "Identifying With the State" June 29th 2007.http://www.lewrockwell.com/shaffer/shaffer159.html) – Hebron AL 60 +One of the deadliest practices we engage in is that of identifying ourselves with a 61 +AND 62 +conflict – to a centered, self-directed integrity in our lives. 63 + 64 + 65 +==Contention Three: Playing the Game== 66 + 67 + 68 +====The resolution presents us with a moral imperative: "the United States ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers."==== 69 + 70 + 71 +====The question isn't whether we can overcome all instances of sovereign violence or biopolitics but rather a question of individual responsibility.==== 72 +**Nayar 99 **Nayar, Jayan. Professor. Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems. University of Warwick. Fall 1999. "Re-Framing International Law for the 21^^st^^ Century." Order of Inhumanity. - Hebron AL 73 +The description of the continuities of violence in Section II in many ways is familiar 74 +AND 75 +on what is perhaps less often the focus of critiques of "ordering." 76 + 77 + 78 +====Attempts to restrict the state of exception from within the law fail and only reaffirm its legitimacy. Legality will never account for those excluded from politics and subject to the exception. ==== 79 +**Frost 10** ~~Tom, Professor of Legal Theory at the University of Sussex and PhD from the University of Southampton, "Agamben's Sovereign Legalization of Foucault", Oxford Legal Studies, Volume 30, Issue 3, pp. 545-577~~ – Hebron AL 80 +B. Agamben, Law and Bare Life Agamben builds upon this zoē/bios 81 +AND 82 +the disciplines exist within a relation where they are dependent on one another. 83 + 84 + 85 +==== "One day humanity will play with law just as children play with disused objects, not in order to restore them to their canonical use but to free them from it for good."==== 86 +**Snoek 12** ~~Snoek, A. (2012). PHD from Macquarie University. Strategies in Response to Law. In Agamben's Joyful Kafka: Finding Freedom Beyond Subordination. New York: Bloomsbury.~~ – Hebron AL 87 +According to Agamben, study is an important strategy for living outside the law and 88 +AND 89 +but to free them from it for good. (SE, 64) - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,88 @@ 1 +=1AC= 2 + 3 + 4 +==Part 1: Ready Up== 5 + 6 + 7 +====The status quo serves to make the state appear compassionate to the "Zoe" body, even though its existence is predicated on maintaining biopolitical control. The state mandated police are used to justify genocide in the false name of national security.==== 8 +**Agamben 2k** Agamben, Giorgio( Italian philosopher best known for his work investigating the concepts of the state of exception, form-of-life and homo sacer. The concept of biopolitics informs many of his writings). "Sovereign Police." Means without End: Notes on Politics. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota, 2000. 103-07 – Hebron AL 9 +One of the least ambiguous lessons learned from the Gulf War is that the concept 10 +AND 11 +fact, not show in the end their original proximity to the criminal. 12 + 13 + 14 +====Qualified Immunity embodies a State of Exception for the Police representing a modern day depiction of the demos' biopolitical control over the oppressed body. The state of exception allows for the normalization of violence, allowing the Police to evade responsibility. ==== 15 +Reinhardt 15 Stephen R. Reinhardt, ~~Circuit Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit~~, "The Demise of Habeas Corpus and the Rise of Qualified Immunity: The Court's Ever Increasing Limitations on the Development and Enforcement of Constitutional Rights and some Particularly Unfortunate Consequences," Michigan Law Review, Vol. 113, 2015. 16 +The Court has often remarked that "to perform its high function in the best 17 +AND 18 +the more lenient state statute, were seemingly reserved for black defendants alone. 19 + 20 + 21 +====This police violence that becomes normalized in the state of exception is a never ending instance of racialized biopolitics; the state can only maintain power through the violence towards the "Zoe." This allows for they evasion of culpability, through the lens of the State of Exception. ==== 22 +**Taylor 13** Taylor, Jack. ""We Are All Oscar Grant": Police Brutality, Death, and the Work of Mourning - Taylor - 2013 - Transforming Anthropology - Wiley Online Library." "We Are All Oscar Grant": Police Brutality, Death, and the Work of Mourning. AnthroSource, 9 Sept. 2013. Web. 12 Nov. 2016 – Hebron AL 23 +I utilize deconstructive maneuvers and suggest that the images and memorials that emerged to memorialize 24 +AND 25 +the State and thus renders them subject to violent encounters with the State. 26 + 27 + 28 +====Biopolitics brings bare, biological life into the political realm, managing citizens as living bodies or bare life – this makes unlimited and escalating violence inevitable. Bare life reduces people to a state of living, but not living, this strips them of existing, a perpetuation of dehumanization mandated by the state. ==== 29 +Taylor 10 Mark Lewis Taylor "Today's State of Exception: Abu-Jamal, Agamben, Janmohamed, and The Democratic State of Emergency" Mark Lewis Taylor is Maxwell M. Upson Professor of Theology and Culture at Princeton Theological Seminary. April 2010 http://marklewistaylor.net/wpcontent/uploads/2012/10/Political.Theology.Essay_.Mumia_.Agamben.pdf do: 11/3/15 - Hebron AL 30 +"Bare life" is a stripping away of a person's subjectivity, their humanity 31 +AND 32 +that are so destructive now, even for the West.18 33 +. 34 + 35 + 36 +==Part 2: Gaming the System== 37 + 38 + 39 +====The ROB is to embrace whatever-being to create the coming community – a refusal to recognize categorical identities in order to reject the ability of the sovereign to isolate bare life. Only the dissolution of identity politics can solve.==== 40 +**Robinson 11** Andrew, is a political theorist and activist at Ceasefire, Ceasefire, "In Theory Giorgio Agamben: destroying sovereignty", 1/21/11, https://ceasefiremagazine.co.uk/in-theory-giorgio-agamben-destroying-sovereignty/ – Hebron AL 41 +Agamben proposes 'whatever-singularity' as an alternative basis for political action, which 42 +AND 43 +yet is rendered different by the removal of the transcendent moment of sovereignty. 44 + 45 + 46 +====And the AC is a Pre-Requisite to all other forms of Otherizartion. Only through the AC can we disengage from identity politics, which is the root cause of oppression. ==== 47 +**Shaffer 7 **(Butler, teaches at the Southwestern University School of Law. B.S., Law, 1958, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; B.A., Political Science, 1959, and J.D., 1961, University of Chicago; Member, Colorado and Nebraska State Bars. "Identifying With the State" June 29th 2007.http://www.lewrockwell.com/shaffer/shaffer159.html) – Hebron AL 48 +One of the deadliest practices we engage in is that of identifying ourselves with a 49 +AND 50 +conflict – to a centered, self-directed integrity in our lives. 51 + 52 + 53 +====Globalized viewpoints of solving always fail, it is through targeting key contributors to the problem that the problem be solved. ==== 54 +**Nayar 99 **Nayar, Jayan. Professor. Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems. University of Warwick. Fall 1999. "Re-Framing International Law for the 21^^st^^ Century." Order of Inhumanity. - Hebron AL 55 +The description of the continuities of violence in Section II in many ways is familiar 56 +AND 57 +on what is perhaps less often the focus of critiques of "ordering." 58 + 59 + 60 +====Vote affirmative to resist the biopolitical control from the state. The politics of the state of exception have blurred the distinction between life and death. Death is no longer biological– rather it is political. The sovereign decision on bare life culminates in necropolitical violence which makes life a constant process of dying. ==== 61 +**Hall 7** ~~Hall, Lindsay, Anne. Master of Arts in Political Science. (2007). Death, Power, and the Body: A Bio-political Analysis of Death and Dying (Unpublished master's thesis). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.~~ – Hebron AL 62 +Although the sovereign, as head of state, is no longer dominant, this 63 +AND 64 +, that is, the very concept of life (2000b, 7). 65 + 66 + 67 +==Part 3: Game Over== 68 + 69 + 70 +====Every action that participates in the political process is one that creates an exception and results in biopolitical control. ==== 71 +**Agamben 98** Agamben, Giorgio(Italian philosopher best known for his work investigating the concepts of the state of exception, form-of-life and homo sacer. The concept of biopolitics informs many of his writings, professor of philosophy at the University of Verona, Homo Sacer, pg. 8-9) 72 +The protagonist of this book is bare life, that is, the life of 73 +AND 74 +the bare life of the citizen, the new biopolitical body of humanity. 75 + 76 + 77 +====Because the sovereign is outside the law, its very existence causes a suspension of the law – it is impossible for even the strictest of laws to resist sovereign power. ==== 78 +**Frost 10** ~~Tom, Professor of Legal Theory at the University of Sussex and PhD from the University of Southampton, "Agamben's Sovereign Legalization of Foucault", Oxford Legal Studies, Volume 30, Issue 3, pp. 545-577~~ – Hebron AL 79 +B. Agamben, Law and Bare Life Agamben builds upon this zoē/bios 80 +AND 81 +the disciplines exist within a relation where they are dependent on one another. 82 + 83 + 84 +====Dehumanization is at the root of all violence and outweighs any other impacts. Our evidence is comparative.==== 85 +**Berube 97 **(Berube, David. Professor. English. University of South Carolina. "Nanotechnological Prolongevity: The Down Side." 1997. http://www.cas.sc.edu/engl/faculty/berube/prolong.htm.) – Hebron AL 86 +This means-ends dispute is at the core of Montagu and Matsou's treatise on 87 +AND 88 +inevitable for every epoch has evil and dehumanization is evil's most powerful weapon. - EntryDate
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