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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,16 @@ 1 +A. Text 2 +The United States OR aff actor ought to maintain qualified immunity for police officers, but establish a system of vicarious liability that lets citizens sue police departments instead of individual officers. 3 +Goode 1: Goode, M.R. Assistant Professor of Law at Dalhousie University, Canada “The Imposition of Vicarious Liability to the Torts of Police Officers: Considerations of Policy.” Melbourne University Law Review, Volume 10, May 1975. RP 4 +The English Royal 5 +AND 6 +the police authority. 7 + 8 +B. Competition 9 +CP competes through net benefits. 10 + 11 +C. Solvency 12 +CP creates institutional change 13 +Goode 2: Goode, M.R. Assistant Professor of Law at Dalhousie University, Canada “The Imposition of Vicarious Liability to the Torts of Police Officers: Considerations of Policy.” Melbourne University Law Review, Volume 10, May 1975. RP 14 +Deterrence in tort 15 +AND 16 +the tort action. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,13 @@ 1 +Indemnification 2 +Rosenberg: Rosenberg, Paul Contributor, Salon “We must make the police pay: When cops go too far, they must feel the pain too.” Salon. May 2015. RP 3 + 4 +One key indicator 5 +AND 6 +of police misconduct. 7 + 8 +This destroys poor, Black communities 9 +Phillip: Phillip, Abby Contributor, The Washington Post “Why the poor often pay for police misconduct with their pocketbooks.” The Washington Post. June 2015. RP 10 + 11 +Floyd Dent, a 12 +AND 13 + about the constitution.” - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,28 @@ 1 +The aff uses civil lawsuits 2 +Lawyers.com: Lawyers.com. Legal Website “What are "Costs" in a Civil Lawsuit?” No date. CH 3 + 4 +No matter what 5 +AND 6 +its net recovery. 7 + 8 +The aff makes money key to justice, entrenching capitalism. 9 +Higdon: Higdon, Woodrow L. Investigative Photo Journalist, Former Police Officer “Public Corruption Cover Up Through Civil Litigation.” GTI News, March 2010. CH 10 + 11 +The so called 12 +AND 13 +to public agencies. 14 + 15 +Tejecting cap is KEY to EVER ADDRESSING race and structural violence. 16 + 17 +Hedges: Hedges, Chris. Senior Fellow, The Nation Institute “Corporate Capitalism is the Foundation of Police Brutality and the Prison State.” Truthdig.com, July 5, 2015. CH 18 + 19 +Our national conversation 20 +AND 21 + their exact configuration.” 22 + 23 +The Alternative - The United States ought to maintain qualified immunity for police officers, but appoint an independent prosecutor to bring CRIMINAL misconduct charges against officers. 24 +JIP writes: Justice in Policing. Advocacy Group “Policy 11: Special or Independent Prosecutors.” Justice in Policing, 2016. RP 25 + 26 +A special, or 27 +AND 28 +special, independent prosecutor. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,19 @@ 1 +In the status quo, the alt-right isn’t being given the chance to speak due to students and administrators shutting down engagements. 2 +Burley: Burley, Shane Contributor, Waging Nonviolence “How the Alt Right is trying to create a ‘safe space’ for racism on college campuses.” Waging Nonviolence. October 2016. RP 3 + 4 +While the Alt 5 +AND 6 +for their candidate. 7 + 8 +The alt-right exploits the idea of free speech to develop a platform. 9 +Burley: Burley, Shane Contributor, Waging Nonviolence “How the Alt Right is trying to create a ‘safe space’ for racism on college campuses.” Waging Nonviolence. October 2016. RP 10 + 11 +A murmur began 12 +AND 13 +here,’” Spencer explained. 14 + 15 +The alt right spreads white supremacy 16 +Harkinson: Harkinson, Josh Reporter and contributor, Mother Jones “The Push to Enlist ‘Alt-Right’ Recruits on College Campuses.” Mother Jones. December 2016. RP 17 +How much support 18 +AND 19 + according to ThinkProgress. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,21 @@ 1 +Link 2 + 3 +Offensive speech doesn’t only come from students – there are instances where college professors teach blatantly offensive material, like holocaust deniers. 4 +Berrett writes: Berrett, Dan. Senior Reporter at the Chronicle “Academic Freedom and Holocaust Denial.” Inside Higher Ed, October 26, 2010. MZ 5 +A Pennsylvania English 6 +AND 7 +entirely, said Nelson. 8 + 9 +Impacts 10 + 11 +1. Minority students can't learn 12 +Anderson writes: Anderson, Melinda D. Contributing writer for The Atlantic The Atlantic, October 11, 2016. MZ 13 +A recent study 14 +AND 15 +students performing academic tasks. 16 + 17 +2. Perpetuates racist ideologies 18 +Kohli writes: Kohli, Rita. Teacher educator and doctoral candidate in Race and Ethnic Studies of Education at the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles “Breaking the Cycle of Racism in the Classroom: Critical Race Reflections from Future Teachers of Color.” Teacher Educational Quarterly, Fall 2008. MZ 19 +Unfortunately, what Eddie 20 +AND 21 +my young students - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,22 @@ 1 +Appropriate judgment requires assessing an act’s context, not just its commission 2 +Unger: Unger, Peter. Professor of Philosophy, New York University “Contextual Analysis in Ethics.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol. 55, No. 1, Mar. 1995. CH 3 + 4 +Along with important 5 +AND 6 +competing moral considerations. 7 + 8 + 9 +Thus, the sufficient affirmative burden is to prove that unfettered Constitutionally protected speech accounts for the context of an educational setting. 10 + 11 +College students are still developing psychologically 12 +Matsuda: Matsuda, Mari. Associate Professor of Law, University of Hawaii “Public Response to Racist Speech: Considering the Victim’s Speech.” Michigan Law Review, Volume 87, August 1989. RP 13 +A marked rise 14 +AND 15 +thought and inquiry. 16 + 17 +Further, racist speech uniquely impacts students of color. 18 +Huff writes: Huff, Thomas. Professor of Philosophy in Law, Montana University “Addressing Hate Messages at the University of Montana.” Montana Law Review, Volume 53, Issue 2, Summer 1992. SW/AZ 19 + 20 +Second, studies show 21 +AND 22 +the university offers. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,31 @@ 1 +I negate and value Moral Action 2 +Respecting humanity as an end in itself is our most basic duty 3 +Engstrom: Engstrom, Stephen. Professor of Philosophy, University of Pittsburgh “Universal Legislation as the Form of Practical Knowledge.” 2008. BE 4 + 5 +In addition to 6 +AND 7 +of practical reason. 8 + 9 +Having a practical identity, such as debater or friend, requires that we value our own personhood. 10 +Korsgaard: Korsgaard, Christine M. Professor of Philosophy, Harvard University “The Sources of Normativity.” The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, 1992. BE 11 + 12 +The Solution: Those 13 +AND 14 +that identity forbids. 15 + 16 +Thus, the standard is Respecting Agency. 17 + 18 +1 Hate speech intends dehumanization 19 +Varden: Varden, Helga. Associate Professor of Philosophy and of Gender and Women's Studies, University of Illinois “A Kantian Conception of Free Speech.” Published in Freedom of Expression in a Diverse World, edited by Deirdre Golash. New York: Springer, 2010. BE 20 + 21 +Even if we 22 +AND 23 + of all citizens. 24 + 25 +2 Dissociation is good 26 + 27 +Matsuda: Matsuda, Mari. Associate Professor of Law, University of Hawaii “Public Response to Racist Speech: Considering the Victim’s Speech.” Michigan Law Review, Volume 87, August 1989. RP 28 + 29 +The third doctrinal 30 +AND 31 + legitimizer of racism. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,32 @@ 1 +A. Link 2 + 3 +Aff only strikes down speech codes for public schools 4 +FIRE writes: FIRE. Foundation for Individual Rights in Education “Private Universities.” FIRE, 2016. BS 5 + 6 +When discussing free 7 +AND 8 +choosing to attend. 9 + 10 +B. Impacts 11 + 12 +1. First, safe spaces become a PRIVILEGE for the rich 13 +Peterson’s: Peterson’s Staff. Organization for College Education “Public University Versus Private College.” Petersons.com, September 29, 2015. CH 14 + 15 +The major difference 16 +AND 17 +are generally higher. 18 + 19 +2. Cutler The public/private distinction makes solving for cap impossible 20 +Cutler writes: Cutler, A. Claire. Ph.D., Professor of Political Science, University of Victoria “Artifice, Ideology, and Paradox: The Public/Private Distinction in International Law.” Review of International Political Economy, Vol. 4, No. 2, Summer 1997. CH 21 + 22 +The public/private distinction 23 +AND 24 +want to work together. 25 + 26 +C. Alternative 27 + 28 +Both public and private colleges and universities ought to adopt the self-government theory of free speech 29 +Bunker writes: Bunker, Matthew D. Professor, University of Alabama “Critiquing Free Speech: First Amendment Theory and the Challenge of Interdisciplinarity.” Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2001. RP 30 +Alexander Meiklejohn, perhaps 31 +AND 32 +of human enterprises. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,23 @@ 1 +Minority enrollment in colleges is high 2 + 3 +McGill: McGill, Andrew Contributor, The Atlantic “The Missing Black Students at Elite American Universities.” The Atlantic. November 2015. RP 4 + 5 +Over the past 6 +AND 7 +largest minority group. 8 + 9 +A perception of openness to hate speech causes Black people to drop out of college 10 + 11 +Wilkerson: Wilkerson, Isabel Contributor, The New York Times “Campus Blacks Feel Racism’s Nuances.” The New York Times. 1988. RP 12 + 13 +Recent cases of 14 +AND 15 +going to go.'' 16 + 17 +Campus diversity is key to racial progress, economic growth, decreased poverty, national security, and more. 18 + 19 +Kerby: Kerby, Sophia Researcher, Center for American Progress “10 Reasons Why We Need Diversity on College Campuses.” Center for American Progress. October 2012. RP 20 + 21 +The Supreme Court 22 +AND 23 +increasingly global economy. - EntryDate
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