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... ... @@ -1,112 +1,0 @@ 1 -The Role of the Judge is to Promote Critical Education, which means they must enhance our potential to uncover biases and oppression in dominant thinking 2 - 3 - 4 -Judges can uniquely make debate a way to challenge social norms. 5 -Giroux writes: Giroux, Henry. Waterbury Chair Professor, Pennsylvania State University “Critical Pedagogy and the Postmodern/Modern Divide: Towards a Pedagogy of Democratization.” Teacher Education Quarterly, Winter 2004. CH 6 - 7 -The search for 8 -AND 9 -and gendered inequalities. 10 - 11 -The Role of the Ballot is to Endorse the Best Liberation Strategy for the Oppressed. 12 - 13 - 14 -1 States can’t focus on abstract, overarching theories but should do what’s right because it’s the right thing to do– political philosophy should analyze particular injustice when deciding what action to take. 15 - 16 -Raz: Raz, Joseph Faculty, Columbia Law School “Multiculturalism: A Liberal Perspective.” Multiculturalism. Winter 1994. RP 17 - 18 -Political philosophy does 19 -AND 20 -heading for disaster. 21 - 22 -2 Aggregating interests is the only way to account for the equality of all beings. 23 -David Cummiskey Associate prof of philo @ UChicago, “Kantian Consequentialism”, University of Chicago Press, Ethics, Vol. 100, No. 3 (Apr., 1990), pp. 586-615, BE 24 -We must not 25 -AND 26 -to benefit others. 27 - 28 -Countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power. 29 - 30 -WNN writes: World Nuclear News Source that writes about news affecting nuclear power and nuclear weapons “Proposal for financing German nuclear phase-out.” WNN, April 2016. RP 31 - 32 -Following the Fukushima 33 -AND 34 -markets Stefan Dohler. 35 - 36 - 37 -Advantage 1: The War Against Workers 38 -Nuclear power frequently place workers in harm’s way, exploiting their financial vulnerability by actively misleading them about the risks they face. 39 -Alldred shows: Alldred, Mary. Ph.D. candidate, Stony Brook Ecology Department “Environmental Injustice in Siting Nuclear Plants.” Environmental Injustice, Volume 2 (Number 2), 2009. RP 40 - 41 -In stages (2)–(5) of 42 -AND 43 -dose of 50 mSv. Bracketed for clarity 44 - 45 -The nuclear industry pays off state officials to cover up nuclear power’s risks, fabricating studies on the safety of plants. 46 - 47 -Shrader-Frechette: Shrader-Frechette, Kristin. O’Neill Family Professor, University of Notre Dame “Answering ‘Scientific Attacks’ on Ethical Imperatives: Wind and Solar Versus Nuclear Solutions to Climate Change.” Ethics and the Environment Volume 18, Number 1, Spring 2013. RP 48 - 49 -Part of the 50 -AND 51 -use renewable energy. 52 - 53 -These cover ups are DELIBERATE ATTEMPTS by the state – they want people to just return to jobs, providing labor. 54 -Cousins notes: Cousins, Elicia Researcher, Carleton College, Claire Karban, Fay Li, and Marianna Zapanta. “Nuclear Power and Environmental Justice.” Carleton College, Environmental Studies Comprehensive Project, no date. RP 55 - 56 -Those who experience 57 -AND 58 -the Chernobyl zone: 59 - 60 -A ban is key ~-~- mere regulations get are ineffective and get circumvented, so nothing short of prohibition solves. 61 -Ross shows: Ross, Timothy J. Professor of Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico “Avoiding Apocalypse: Congress Should Ban Nuclear Power.” UB Law, Fall 2011. RP 62 - 63 -Currently, the NRC 64 -AND 65 -the general public. 66 - 67 -Advantage 2: Resisting Racism 68 -Every stage of nuclear production is tied to colonialism – the government mines on areas they think of as wastelands. 69 -Endres 1: Endres, Danielle Department of Communication, University of Utah “From Wasteland to Waste Site: The Role of Disocurse In Nuclear Power’s Environmental Injustice.” Routledge, November 2009. RP 70 - 71 -In addition to 72 -AND 73 -and tailing piles. 74 - 75 - 76 -Nuclear power is anti-black; states place reactors near minority communities they deem disposable, continuing the legacy of slavery. 77 - 78 -Mangano writes: Mangano, Joseph J. Contributor, The Nation “Reactors and Racism.” The Nation. August 2005. RP 79 - 80 -The Entergy Nuclear 81 -AND 82 -most vulnerable members. 83 - 84 -These forms of exploitation prime society for mass death and killings, and eventually extinction. 85 - 86 -Scheper-Hughes writes: (Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn) (Nancy and Philippe, Introduction: Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22) 87 - 88 -This large and 89 -AND 90 -feelings of victimization). 91 - 92 -A ban solves and encourages renewables ~-~- shift away from nuclear is inevitable due to decreasing uranium supply – banning nuclear power is key to jumpstart the renewable industry. 93 - 94 -Schönau: Electricity Schönau. German Power Company “100 Good Reasons Against Nuclear Power.” 2009. RP 95 - 96 -Nuclear power is 97 -AND 98 -with relevant references. 99 - 100 -A ban solves – Germany proves that renewables can make up for coal and nuclear – nuclear BLOCKS renewables since base load power prevents the growth of a decentralized grid. 101 -Thomas et al: Steve Thomas, Antony Frogatt, Mycle Schneider Contributors, World Nuclear Report “Nuclear Power in a Post-Fukushima World 25 Years After the Chernobyl Accident.” World Nuclear Industry Status Report. 2011. RP 102 - 103 -“If someone declares 104 -AND 105 -to the “prosumer.” 106 - 107 -Bans LAY THE FOUNDATION for a cultural shift away from nuclear and towards renewables. The neg is the REASON that hasn’t happened. 108 -Klein: Klein, Naomi. Social Activist This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2014. RP 109 - 110 -And yet it 111 -AND 112 -displaced fossil fuels. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,93 +1,0 @@ 1 -The Role of the Judge is to Promote Critical Education for ALL Debaters 2 - 3 -Squo hurts crit thought 4 -Giroux, Henry. Waterbury Chair Professor, Pennsylvania State University "The Curse of Totalitarianism and the Challenge of Critical Pedagogy." Philosophersforchange.org, October 13, 2015. BE 5 -The forces of 6 -AND 7 -A vibrant democracy 8 - 9 -The Role of the Ballot is to Endorse the More Productive Liberation Strategy for the Oppressed. 10 - 11 -Lib starts are bottom up 12 -Freire, Pauolo. Ph.D., Philosophy “Pedagogy of the Oppressed.” 1968. CH 13 -The “fear of 14 -AND 15 -Manifestations of dehumanization 16 - 17 -Lib start must be tangible 18 -Giroux, Henry. Waterbury Chair Professor, Pennsylvania State University “Beyond Dystopian Visions in the Age of Neoliberal Authoritarianism.” Truthout, November 4, 2015. BE 19 -In this instance 20 -AND 21 -Can do more 22 - 23 -Racial violence is police norm 24 -Sabo, Samantha University of Arizona, Susan Shawb, Maia Ingrama, Nicolette Teufel-Shonec, Scott Carvajala, Jill Guernsey de Zapiena, Cecilia Rosalesd, Flor Redondoe, Gina Garciae, Raquel Rubio-Goldsmithf. b University of Arizona, College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Anthropology, United States c University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Division of Health Promotion Science, United States d University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Division of Community, Environment, and Policy, United States e Campesinos Sin Fronteras, United States f University of Arizona, Mexican American Studies and Research Center, United States “Everyday Violence, Structural Racism, and Mistreatment at the US–Mexico Border.” Social Science and Medicine, Volume 109, May 2014. BE 25 -Everyday violence came 26 -AND 27 -And across generations 28 -QI protects police 29 - 30 -Wright, Sam. Contributor, Above the Law “Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity.” Above the Law, November 2015. RP 31 -Recently, police have 32 -AND 33 -Just a start 34 - 35 -QI lets police off without repercussion 36 -Margulies, Peter. Professor of Law, Roger Williams University “Noncitizens’ Remedies Lost?: Accountability for Overreaching in Immigration Enforcement.” FIU Law Review, 2011. BE 37 -The specificity two 38 -AND 39 -Incentivizes reckless behavior 40 - 41 -QI stop victims from going to court 42 -Pattis, Norman. Connecticut-based trial lawyer “Qualified Immunity and The Police State.” Pattis Blog, October 2016. RP 43 -A man calls 44 -AND 45 -Even realize it 46 - 47 -Thus the plan: 48 -The United States ought to limit qualified immunity, or “QI,” for police officers through a sliding-scale model 49 -Margulies, Peter. Professor of Law, Roger Williams University “Noncitizens’ Remedies Lost?: Accountability for Overreaching in Immigration Enforcement.” FIU Law Review, 2011. BE 50 -Fortunately, case law 51 -AND 52 -Should trigger deference 53 -OR 54 - 55 -Civil suit expose misconduct 56 -Bernick, Evan. Contributor, Foundation for Economic Education “To Hold Police Accountable, Don’t Give Them Immunity.” Foundation for Economic Education, April 2015. RP 57 -Qualified Immunity shields 58 -AND 59 -Needs to happen 60 - 61 -Aff has direct impact on officers 62 -Marque-Anthony. Contributor, ThyBlackMan “The Strategic Plan To End Police Brutality.” ThyBlackMan, July 2016. RP 63 -Officers rarely feel 64 -AND 65 -Seminars and workshops 66 - 67 -Scale lets PO do job and stop excessive force 68 -Carvalho, Ambar. J.D., Emory University School of Law (2008); B.S., Stanford University (2005) “The Sliding Scale Approach to Protecting Nonresident Immigrants Against the Use of Excessive Force in Violation of the Fourth Amendment.” Emory International Law Review, 2008. BE 69 -Due to the 70 -AND 71 -Of their visit 72 - 73 -Limit QI likely to give liberation 74 -Keffer, Bradley, and Scott Barnhart. Partners, Keffer Barnhart LLP “Inbox: Lawyers Question Use of Qualified Immunity for Police.” The Indiana Lawyer, December 2014. RP 75 -However, if qualified 76 -AND 77 -Limited by law 78 - 79 -Ind cit need to sue for lib 80 -Wright, Sam. Contributor, Above the Law “Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity.” Above the Law, November 2015. RP 81 -As usual, I’ve 82 -AND 83 -In the courts 84 - 85 -QI gives ppl their day in court, confronting pessimism 86 -Smith, Ethan Indigo. Contributor, Mintpress News “Oligarchy, Police State, and The War On Individualism.” Mintpress News, March 2015. RP 87 -All the social 88 -AND 89 -More frequently so. 90 -HE ADDS: 91 -The documentary “the 92 -AND 93 -Declaration of independence - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,121 +1,0 @@ 1 -I affirm and value Just State Action, meaning government policy that treats people as they deserve. 2 -Since people use their reasoning to form states, we look to individuals’ moral capacities first. As all action results from our ability to reflect, recognizing self-awareness is the basis of all philosophy. 3 - 4 -Wood 1: Allen W. Wood. "Fichte's Philosophy of Right and Ethics," forthcoming in Günter Zöller (ed). The Cambridge Companion to Fichte. New York: Cambridge University Press. CH 5 - 6 -Fichte's Wissenschaftslehre is 7 -AND 8 -latter "real" activity (GA I/2:402-404. SK 236-238). 9 - 10 -Next, the self-awareness that gives us the freedom to act also demands that we recognize others’ freedom and choices. 11 -Wood 2: Allen W. Wood. "Fichte's Philosophy of Right and Ethics," forthcoming in Günter Zöller (ed). The Cambridge Companion to Fichte. New York: Cambridge University Press. CH 12 - 13 -The condition for 14 -AND 15 -the external world (GA I/3:409). 16 - 17 -Thus, the standard is Respecting Moral Agency. Respecting Moral Agency means viewing both oneself and others as capable of making ethically important choices. This is a means-based standard: I look to whether actions are consistent with the goals of moral agency, not whether outcomes increase it. 18 -Prefer this standard, since: 19 - 20 - 21 -1 People need to respect agency to achieve any other goods. 22 -Kuhler 1: Kuhler, Michael. “Autonomy and The Self,” Wilhelms University, Munster, November 2010. SR 23 - 24 -Surely, there are 25 -AND 26 -precedes the self. 27 - 28 -2 Respecting agency recognizes distinct groups’ needs without taking a race- or gender-free approach. 29 -Fraser: Fraser, Nancy. Professor on the Graduate Faculty of Political and Social Science, New School for Social Research “Social Justice in the Age of Identity Politics: Redistribution, Recognition, and Participation.” The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, Stanford University, April 30-May 2, 1996. CH 30 - 31 -For practical purposes, 32 -AND 33 -do distributive inequities. 34 - 35 - 36 -I advocate that the United States federal government ought to limit qualified immunity, or “QI,” for police officers. 37 -Wright shows: Wright, Sam. Public Interest Lawyer “Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity.” Above the Law, Nov. 2015. MZ 38 - 39 -To bring about 40 -AND 41 -in the courts? 42 - 43 -Advantage 1: Giving Voice to Victims 44 -U.S. police show consistent and overt racism, disproportionately harming Blacks. 45 -Makarechi: Makarechi, Kia. Senior Editor of Mobile and Innovations, The Huffington Post “What the Data Really Says About Police and Racial Bias.” Vanity Fair, July 14, 2016. CH 46 - 47 -A study 48 -AND 49 -searched without consent. 50 -Yet QI typically protects those who commit such misconduct simply due to who commits it. 51 -Bernick 1: Bernick, Evan Contributor, Foundation for Economic Education “To Hold Police Accountable, Don’t Give Them Immunity.” Foundation for Economic Education. April 2015. RP 52 - 53 -But for decades, 54 -AND 55 -“shall be liable.” 56 - 57 - 58 -By barring victims from suing police, QI denies their status as moral agents. Instead, harming victims becomes just a “cost of doing business.” 59 - 60 -Temple Law: Temple Law. “Accountability for Government Misconduct: Limiting Qualified Immunity and the Good Faith Defense.” Temple Law Review, Vol. 49, 1976. MZ 61 - 62 -No matter what 63 -AND 64 -of civil liberties. 65 - 66 -Turning away from rights abuses is a form of complicity that actively dehumanizes victims. 67 -Kahn: Kahn, DT. “Bystander Intervention and Norm Shifting: A Social Psychological Research Overview,” 2011. EB 68 - 69 -In order to 70 -AND 71 -illustrated in Figure 1. 72 - 73 -In contrast, the aff gives victims the agency to confront their oppressors themselves. 74 -Wright: Wright, Sam. Contributor, Above the Law “Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity.” Above the Law, November 2015. RP 75 - 76 -As usual, I’ve 77 -AND 78 -needs to change. 79 - 80 -And civil suits uniquely recognize that all people deserve their day in court, respecting agency. 81 -Nixa: Nixa, Dan. Civil Rights Attorney “On the Importance of Civil Rights Lawsuits.” Chicagocivilrightslaw.com, May 6, 2016. CH 82 - 83 -While civil rights 84 -AND 85 - we are now. 86 - 87 -Advantage 2: Destroying Double-Standards 88 -QI gives police an excuse for participating in even the most horrific injustices: like Nazi officers’ Nuremberg defense that they were “just following orders,” police can oppress the innocent and say they were “just doing their job.” Indeed, QI creates a double-standard, letting police get away with acts that would deemed reprehensible if another actor did them. 89 -Heller: Heller, Jacob. J.D. Candidate, Stanford Law School “Abominable Acts.” Vermont Law Review, Vol. 34:311, 2010. LC 90 - 91 -In these cases, 92 -AND 93 -of civilized law. 94 - 95 -Indeed, QI sets a precedent that putting on a police hat absolves people of their most basic moral duties. 96 -Grigg: Grigg, William N. Contributor, Pro Libertate “‘Qualified Immunity’ – A License to Commit Criminal Violence?” Pro Libertate, October 2013. RP 97 - 98 -There is no 99 -AND 100 -in other states. 101 - 102 -Yet moral obligations transcend specific roles, as they come from fundamental humanity; the same basic norms apply to all actors, regardless of who they are. 103 -DeGeorge notes: De George, Richard T. University Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, University of Kansas Business Ethics. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1999. CH 104 - 105 -Because people are 106 -AND 107 -to be moral. 108 - 109 -In contrast, the aff exposes police misconduct, calling attention to the agent behind the action. 110 -Bernick 2: Bernick, Evan. Contributor, Foundation for Economic Education “To Hold Police Accountable, Don’t Give Them Immunity.” Foundation for Economic Education, April 2015. RP 111 - 112 -Qualified immunity shields 113 -AND 114 - needs to happen? 115 - 116 -And this is true regardless of the lawsuit’s outcome. What matters is the ability to bring a suit, not the results. Affirming makes that possible. 117 -Armacost: Armacost, Barbara E. Associate Professor, University of Virginia School of Law “Qualified Immunity: Ignorance Excused.” Vanderbilt Law Review, 1998. RP 118 - 119 -Turning to section 120 -AND 121 -kinds of rights: - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,113 @@ 1 +The Role of the Judge is to Promote Critical Education, which means they must enhance our potential to uncover biases and oppression in dominant thinking 2 + 3 + 4 +Judges can uniquely make debate a way to challenge social norms. 5 +Giroux writes: Giroux, Henry. Waterbury Chair Professor, Pennsylvania State University “Critical Pedagogy and the Postmodern/Modern Divide: Towards a Pedagogy of Democratization.” Teacher Education Quarterly, Winter 2004. CH 6 + 7 +The search for 8 +AND 9 +and gendered inequalities. 10 + 11 +The Role of the Ballot is to Endorse the Best Liberation Strategy for the Oppressed. 12 + 13 + 14 +1 States can’t focus on abstract, overarching theories but should do what’s right because it’s the right thing to do– political philosophy should analyze particular injustice when deciding what action to take. 15 + 16 +Raz: Raz, Joseph Faculty, Columbia Law School “Multiculturalism: A Liberal Perspective.” Multiculturalism. Winter 1994. RP 17 + 18 +Political philosophy does 19 +AND 20 +heading for disaster. 21 + 22 +2 Aggregating interests is the only way to account for the equality of all beings. 23 +David Cummiskey Associate prof of philo @ UChicago, “Kantian Consequentialism”, University of Chicago Press, Ethics, Vol. 100, No. 3 (Apr., 1990), pp. 586-615, BE 24 +We must not 25 +AND 26 +to benefit others. 27 + 28 +Countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power. 29 + 30 +WNN writes: World Nuclear News Source that writes about news affecting nuclear power and nuclear weapons “Proposal for financing German nuclear phase-out.” WNN, April 2016. RP 31 + 32 +Following the Fukushima 33 +AND 34 +markets Stefan Dohler. 35 + 36 + 37 +Advantage 1: The War Against Workers 38 +Nuclear power frequently place workers in harm’s way, exploiting their financial vulnerability by actively misleading them about the risks they face. 39 +Alldred shows: Alldred, Mary. Ph.D. candidate, Stony Brook Ecology Department “Environmental Injustice in Siting Nuclear Plants.” Environmental Injustice, Volume 2 (Number 2), 2009. RP 40 + 41 +In stages (2)–(5) of 42 +AND 43 +dose of 50 mSv. Bracketed for clarity 44 + 45 +The nuclear industry pays off state officials to cover up nuclear power’s risks, fabricating studies on the safety of plants. 46 + 47 + 48 +Shrader-Frechette: Shrader-Frechette, Kristin. O’Neill Family Professor, University of Notre Dame “Answering ‘Scientific Attacks’ on Ethical Imperatives: Wind and Solar Versus Nuclear Solutions to Climate Change.” Ethics and the Environment Volume 18, Number 1, Spring 2013. RP 49 + 50 +Part of the 51 +AND 52 +use renewable energy. 53 + 54 +These cover ups are DELIBERATE ATTEMPTS by the state – they want people to just return to jobs, providing labor. 55 +Cousins notes: Cousins, Elicia Researcher, Carleton College, Claire Karban, Fay Li, and Marianna Zapanta. “Nuclear Power and Environmental Justice.” Carleton College, Environmental Studies Comprehensive Project, no date. RP 56 + 57 +Those who experience 58 +AND 59 +the Chernobyl zone: 60 + 61 +A ban is key ~-~- mere regulations get are ineffective and get circumvented, so nothing short of prohibition solves. 62 +Ross shows: Ross, Timothy J. Professor of Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico “Avoiding Apocalypse: Congress Should Ban Nuclear Power.” UB Law, Fall 2011. RP 63 + 64 +Currently, the NRC 65 +AND 66 +the general public. 67 + 68 +Advantage 2: Resisting Racism 69 +Every stage of nuclear production is tied to colonialism – the government mines on areas they think of as wastelands. 70 +Endres 1: Endres, Danielle Department of Communication, University of Utah “From Wasteland to Waste Site: The Role of Disocurse In Nuclear Power’s Environmental Injustice.” Routledge, November 2009. RP 71 + 72 +In addition to 73 +AND 74 +and tailing piles. 75 + 76 + 77 +Nuclear power is anti-black; states place reactors near minority communities they deem disposable, continuing the legacy of slavery. 78 + 79 +Mangano writes: Mangano, Joseph J. Contributor, The Nation “Reactors and Racism.” The Nation. August 2005. RP 80 + 81 +The Entergy Nuclear 82 +AND 83 +most vulnerable members. 84 + 85 +These forms of exploitation prime society for mass death and killings, and eventually extinction. 86 + 87 +Scheper-Hughes writes: (Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn) (Nancy and Philippe, Introduction: Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22) 88 + 89 +This large and 90 +AND 91 +feelings of victimization). 92 + 93 +A ban solves and encourages renewables ~-~- shift away from nuclear is inevitable due to decreasing uranium supply – banning nuclear power is key to jumpstart the renewable industry. 94 + 95 +Schönau: Electricity Schönau. German Power Company “100 Good Reasons Against Nuclear Power.” 2009. RP 96 + 97 +Nuclear power is 98 +AND 99 +with relevant references. 100 + 101 +A ban solves – Germany proves that renewables can make up for coal and nuclear – nuclear BLOCKS renewables since base load power prevents the growth of a decentralized grid. 102 +Thomas et al: Steve Thomas, Antony Frogatt, Mycle Schneider Contributors, World Nuclear Report “Nuclear Power in a Post-Fukushima World 25 Years After the Chernobyl Accident.” World Nuclear Industry Status Report. 2011. RP 103 + 104 +“If someone declares 105 +AND 106 +to the “prosumer.” 107 + 108 +Bans LAY THE FOUNDATION for a cultural shift away from nuclear and towards renewables. The neg is the REASON that hasn’t happened. 109 +Klein: Klein, Naomi. Social Activist This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2014. RP 110 + 111 +And yet it 112 +AND 113 +displaced fossil fuels. - EntryDate
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