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+====Phenomenal introspection – experience is the only sound basis for ethics==== |
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+Sinhababu writes: Sinhababu, Neil Professor, University of Singapore “The Epistemic Argument for Hedonism.” No date. RP |
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+In phenomenal introspection |
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+AND |
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+of phenomenal introspection. |
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+====Experiences tell us that pain is bad – that means util==== |
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+Sinhababu: Sinhababu, Neil Professor, University of Singapore “The Epistemic Argument for Hedonism.” No date. RP |
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+One can form |
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+AND |
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+kind of goodness” (442).29 |
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+====The standard is maximizing expected well-being.==== |
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+====1 State obligations –governments can only act on aggregates.==== |
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+Robert Goodin 90, professor of philosophy at the Australian National University college of arts and social sciences, “The Utilitarian Response,” pgs 141-142, BE |
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+My larger argument |
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+AND |
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+rules or conduct. |
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+ |
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+====2 Reductionism – there’s no continuous identity—we can split the brain and create two separate spheres of consciousness.==== |
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+Parfit 84 - Derek Derek Parfit is a British philosopher who specializes in problems of personal identity, rationality, ethics, and the relations among them. His 1984 book Reasons and Persons has been very influential. "Reasons and Persons") GHS//GB |
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+Some recent medical |
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+AND |
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+person’s two hands. |
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+====Reductionism justifies util.==== |
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+Bart Gruzalski 86 UChicago, “Parfit's Impact on Utilitarianism”, Ethics, Vol. 96, No. 4, July 1986, BE |
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+Parfit concludes his |
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+AND |
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+centered theoretical competitors. |
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+====3 You should default to util if I put any risk on their their standard—we naturally want to make the world better – any uncertainty means util is true.==== |
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+Walter Sinnott-Armstrong 14 American philosopher. He specializes in ethics, epistemology, and more recently in neuroethics, the philosophy of law, and the philosophy of cognitive science, "Consequentialism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2014 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed), BE |
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+ |
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+Even if consequentialists |
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+AND |
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+as consequentialists claim. |