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+====The Role of the Judge is to Promote Critical Education, which means they must enhance our potential to uncover biases and oppression in dominant thinking==== |
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+====Judges can uniquely make debate a way to challenge social norms.==== |
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+Giroux writes: Giroux, Henry. Waterbury Chair Professor, Pennsylvania State University “Critical Pedagogy and the Postmodern/Modern Divide: Towards a Pedagogy of Democratization.” Teacher Education Quarterly, Winter 2004. CH |
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+ |
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+The search for |
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+AND |
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+and gendered inequalities. |
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+ |
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+====The Role of the Ballot is to Endorse the Best Liberation Strategy for the Oppressed.==== |
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+ |
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+====Debate should deal with material harms – oppression is bad regardless of the ethical theory, and we should focus on specific ways to resolve it==== |
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+ |
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+Curry: Curry, Tommy J. Ph.D., Associate Professor of Philosophy, Texas A and M University “The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century.” Victory Briefs, January/February 2015. KK |
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+ |
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+Despite the pronouncement |
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+AND |
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+before abstraction occurs.5 |
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+ |
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+====I advocate that countries prohibit the production of nuclear power following Germany’s phase-out model This entails decommissioning reactors over a ten-year period.==== |
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+WNN writes: World Nuclear News Source that writes about news affecting nuclear power and nuclear weapons “Proposal for financing German nuclear phase-out.” WNN, April 2016. RP |
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+ |
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+ |
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+Following the Fukushima |
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+AND |
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+markets Stefan Dohler. |
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+ |
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+====The Advantage is Resisting Racism==== |
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+====Every stage of nuclear production is tied to colonialism – the government mines on areas they think of as wastelands.==== |
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+Endres 1: Endres, Danielle Department of Communication, University of Utah “From Wasteland to Waste Site: The Role of Disocurse In Nuclear Power’s Environmental Injustice.” Routledge, November 2009. RP |
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+ |
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+In addition to |
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+AND |
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+and tailing piles. |
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+====Nuclear power is a continuation of the legacy of slavery – the government can place reactors near those they deem as disposable==== |
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+Mangano writes: Mangano, Joseph J. Contributor, The Nation “Reactors and Racism.” The Nation. August 2005. RP |
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+ |
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+ |
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+The Entergy Nuclear |
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+AND |
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+most vulnerable members. |
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+ |
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+====These forms of exploitation prime society for mass death and killings, and eventually extinction.==== |
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+Scheper-Hughes writes: (Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn) (Nancy and Philippe, Introduction: Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22) |
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+ |
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+This large and |
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+AND |
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+feelings of victimization). |
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+ |
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+====Unlike the wealthy, indigenous groups often lack the financial or political capital to challenge such injustice.==== |
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+Parkins writes: Parkins, John R. Department of Resource Economics, University of Alberta “Social and Ethical Considerations of Nuclear Power.” April 2011. RP |
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+ |
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+A related ethical |
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+AND |
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+in anyone’s backyard” (Hannon and Norton 1997). |
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+ |
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+====Closing nuclear plants is the only way to solve instances of injustice – normal regulations are ineffective, so nothing short of prohibition solves.===== |
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+Ross shows: Ross, Timothy J. Professor of Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico “Avoiding Apocalypse: Congress Should Ban Nuclear Power.” UB Law, Fall 2011. RP |
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+ |
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+Currently, the NRC |
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+AND |
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+the general public. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Independent of waste, nuclear power is unjust since it’s from a process that excludes future generations, who can’t advocate for themselves – only a ban is able to resolve this harm.==== |
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+Parkins writes: Parkins, John R. Department of Resource Economics, University of Alberta “Social and Ethical Considerations of Nuclear Power.” April 2011. RP |
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+ |
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+It is of |
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+AND |
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+ to future generations.” |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Underview==== |
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+====Roleplaying as policymakers is empowerment for students==== |
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+Coverstone writes: COVERSTONE Dir of Debate @ Montgomery Bell Academy 2k6 Alan-former debater @ Wake, MBA = private prep school in Nashville; “Acting on Activism”; DEBATER’S RESEARCH GUIDE (DRG), National Service Topic; |
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+“The power to |
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+AND |
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+effective political activism |
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+====Particularism is good—root cause claims ignore specific uses – even if the state is bad GENERALLY, look to the SPECIFICS==== |
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+Gregory Fernando Pappas 16 Texas AandM University “The Pragmatists’ Approach to Injustice”, The Pluralist Volume 11, Number 1, Spring 2016, BE |
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+ |
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+The pragmatists’ approach |
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+AND |
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+not otherwise appreciate.15 |
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+ |
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+=====Prohibitions on nuclear power are part of a negative state action ~-~- they remove a facet of government control from peoples lives. Negative state action is a productive solution against the state.==== |
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+ |
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+Dempsey 9: Michelle, Professor of Law, Villanova University School of Law, |
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+42 |
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+ |
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+The unintended consequences |
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+AND |
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+limiting its scope. |
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+ |
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+====Abandoning policy discussion for epistemological questioning prevents action and causes violence==== |
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+Jarvis writes: Jarvis 2000 (Director of the Research Institute for International Risk and Lecturer in International Relations, The University of Sydney) 2000 “International relations and the challenge of postmodernism” p. 128-9 |
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+More is the |
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+AND |
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+and recondite debate? |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Critique is useless without a concrete policy option –solves NONE of their impacts and gets stuck in the Ivory Tower==== |
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+Bryant 12 Levi Bryant (Professor of Philosophy at Collin College) “A Critique of the Academic Left” 2012 |
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+Unfortunately, the academic |
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+AND |
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+etc., etc., etc. |
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+ |
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+====Equal starting points are key to any dialogue.==== |
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+Galloway 7: Galloway 7—Samford Comm prof (Ryan, Contemporary Argumentation and Debate, Vol. 28, 2007) |
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+Debate as a |
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+AND |
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+of topical advocacy. |
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+ |
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+====Rejecting political approaches embraces anti politics which cede the political==== |
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+Boggs 97: Carl, National University, Los Angeles, Theory and Society, “The great retreat: Decline of the public sphere in late twentieth-century America” |
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+ |
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+The decline of |
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+AND |
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+from civil society. 75 |