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+====Part 1: Framework==== |
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+ |
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+====THE ORWELLIAN NIGHTMARE HAS COME TRUE – Trump’s here to stay, and the militarized right is taking over – resistance is key now more than ever. The Role of the Judge is to Promote Critical Education, which means they must enhance our potential to fight dominant, oppressive social biases.==== |
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+ |
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+Giroux 1: Giroux, Henry A. Waterbury Chair Professor, Pennsylvania State University “War Culture, Militarism, and Racist violence Under Trump.” Truthout, December 2016. RP |
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+ |
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+With Donald Trump’s |
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+AND |
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+ is too late. |
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+ |
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+====The Role of the Ballot is to Endorse the Better Method for Critically Empowering Students. Critical empowerment exists when we have the skills to question and attack the status quo – this is key to any movement against oppression.==== |
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+ |
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+Giroux 2: Giroux, Henry A. Waterbury Chair Professor, Pennsylvania State University “Radical Politics in the Age of American Authoritarianism: Connecting the Dots.” Truthout, April 2016. RP |
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+ |
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+At the root |
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+AND |
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+democratic liberation movement. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Debate should deal with real-world consequences; ideal theories legitimize oppression by ignoring its concrete manifestations.==== |
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+ |
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+Curry: Curry, Tommy J. Ph.D., Associate Professor of Philosophy, Texas A and M University “The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century.” Victory Briefs, 2014. CH |
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+ |
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+Despite the pronouncement |
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+AND |
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+before abstraction occurs.5 |
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+ |
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+====Part 2: Kept on the Inside==== |
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+ |
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+====CAMPUS SPEECH IS UNDER ATTACK FROM EVERY DIRECTION – demagogues use codes to stifle and make students sit down and shut up. They keep students ignorant so they don’t even question these practices.==== |
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+ |
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+Friedersdorf: Friedersdorf, Conor Friedersdorf is a staff writer at The Atlantic, where he focuses on politics and national affairs. He lives in Venice, California, and is the founding editor of The Best of Journalism, a newsletter devoted to exceptional nonfiction. “The Glaring Evidence That Free Speech Is Threatened on Campus .” The Atlantic. March 2016. RP |
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+ |
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+Here’s one: Many |
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+AND |
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+threats to speech. |
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+ |
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+====And hate speech is getting worse in the status quo, despite the existence of speech codes.==== |
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+ |
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+Long ’17: Long, Katherine. Journalist, Seattle Times “UW on Edge Over Perception of Rise in Hate Speech.” The Seattle Times, January 27, 2017. RP |
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+ |
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+More than a |
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+AND |
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+ and feeling futile.” |
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+ |
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+====Both globally and domestically, speech codes worsen hate and target minorities – empirics prove.==== |
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+ |
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+Strossen 1: Strossen, Nadine. John Marshall Harlan II Professor of Law, New York Law School “Incitement to Hatred: Should There Be a Limit?” Southern Illinois University Law Journal, Vol. 25, 2001. RP |
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+ |
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+Based on actual |
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+AND |
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+ to disempowered groups. |
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+ |
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+====Indeed, the type of speech being censored doesn’t matter. The question isn’t whether all speech is good, but whether colleges have the right to define which speech stays and which goes.==== |
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+ |
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+Glasser: Glasser, Ira. Former Executive Director, American Civil Liberties Union Quoted in Jonathan Haidt’s “Hate Speech is Free Speech.” Spiked-online.com, June 12, 2016. RP |
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+ |
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+How is ‘hate |
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+AND |
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+ back on us. |
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+ |
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+====And all speech codes are arbitrary and reify state power, even if a particular type of speech is bad – exceptions are modeled and undermine free speech.==== |
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+ |
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+White: White, Ken. Criminal Defense Lawyer, Brown, White, and Newhouse “Lawsplainer: Why Flag Burning Matters, And How it Relates To Crush Videos.” Popehat, November 2016. RP |
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+ |
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+In free speech |
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+AND |
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+right it is. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Advocacy: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech. This makes them agents of inaction – they aren’t allowed to restrict speech.==== |
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+ |
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+====Part 3: Let the Words Fall Out==== |
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+ |
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+====Deregulating campus speech sets legal precedents that enable movements and protests, even if it protects bigots – Civil Rights prove.==== |
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+ |
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+ACLU: The American Civil Liberties Union. “Hate Speech on Campus,” American Civil Liberties Union, 2016. BE |
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+ |
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+A: Free speech |
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+AND |
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+of the peace." |
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+ |
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+====Indeed, the question isn’t whether all speech is good, but who should regulate it: administrators, or students themselves. Non-legal remedies like shunning are designed to deter harmful speech.==== |
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+ |
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+Etzioni: Etzioni, Amitai. Director of the Institute for Communitarian Policy Studies, George Washington University The Spirit of Community: Rights, Responsibilities, and the Communitarian Agenda. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1993. CH |
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+ |
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+Thus it might |
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+ AND |
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+ offended by them. |
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+ |
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+====Affirming promotes radical protests that don’t rely on traditional speech.==== |
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+ |
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+Johnston: Johnston, Angus. Writer, Rolling Stone “There's No College P.C. Crisis: In Defense of Student Protesters.” Rolling Stone, December 2015. RP |
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+ |
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+The demographics of |
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+AND |
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+, and stern rebuke." |
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+ |
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+====In fact, actually achieving radical change requires the freedom to protest – protests empirically achieved civil rights, military reform, economic justice, and more.==== |
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+ |
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+Gay: Gay, Roxanne. Contributor, New Republic “Student Activism Is Serious Business.” New Republic, November 2015. RP |
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+ |
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+Of late, there |
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+AND |
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+ came before them. |
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+====Beyond that, free speech means students reclaim public spaces from racist institutions and create a cultural change.==== |
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+ |
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+Block: Block, Jim. Professor of Political Theory and Political Culture, DePaul University “The Legacy and Promise of the Free Speech Movement.” Popular Resistance, October 2014. RP |
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+ |
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+This past weekend |
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+AND |
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+ conformist American lifestyle. |
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+ |
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+====Speech codes drive oppression underground – students can’t mobilize against racism if they never see it.==== |
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+ |
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+Calleros: Calleros, Charles R. Professor of Law, Arizona State University “Paternalism, Counterspeech, and Campus Hate-Speech Codes.” Arizona State Law Journal, Winter 1995. RP |
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+ |
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+One cannot eliminate |
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+AND |
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+ at every turn. |
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+ |
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+====Narrow campus codes against Constitutionally unprotected speech solve for hate speech and other undesirable speech.==== |
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+ |
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+Johnson: Johnson, Catherine B. J.D. Candidate, Fordham University School of Law, 2001 “Stopping Hate Without Stifling Speech: Re-examining the Merits of Hate Speech Codes on University Campuses.” Fordham Urban Law Journal, Vol. 27, Issue 6, 1999. CH |
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+ |
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+In drafting such |
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+AND |
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+ speech should prevail.” |