| ... |
... |
@@ -1,0
+1,153 @@ |
|
1 |
+====Part 1 is the Framework==== |
|
2 |
+ |
|
3 |
+====People are inherently equal at birth, so systemic exclusion of particular groups arbitrarily denies due.==== |
|
4 |
+ |
|
5 |
+Winter and Leighton 01: Winter, Deborah DuNann Professor of Psychology, Whitman College, and Dana C. Leighton, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Psychology, Southern Arkansas University. “Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology in the 21st Century.” New York: Prentice Hall, 2001. BE |
|
6 |
+ |
|
7 |
+Finally, to recognize |
|
8 |
+AND |
|
9 |
+building lasting peace. |
|
10 |
+ |
|
11 |
+====Since justice requires rectifying actual mistreatment, we should address material conditions of violence first.==== |
|
12 |
+ |
|
13 |
+Pappas 16: Pappas, Gregory Fernando. Texas AandM University “The Pragmatists’ Approach to Injustice.” The Pluralist, Volume 11, Number 1, Spring 2016. BE |
|
14 |
+ |
|
15 |
+In Experience and |
|
16 |
+AND |
|
17 |
+to each patient. |
|
18 |
+ |
|
19 |
+ |
|
20 |
+====The standard is Promoting Social Equality.==== |
|
21 |
+ |
|
22 |
+====Part 2: Kept on the Inside==== |
|
23 |
+ |
|
24 |
+====CAMPUS SPEECH IS UNDER ATTACK FROM EVERY DIRECTION – demagoges use codes to STIFLE DISSENT and make students SIT DOWN AND SHUT UP.==== |
|
25 |
+Friedersdorf 16: Friedersdorf, Conor Friedersdorf is a staff writer at The Atlantic, where he focuses on politics and national affairs. He lives in Venice, California, and is the founding editor of The Best of Journalism, a newsletter devoted to exceptional nonfiction. “The Glaring Evidence That Free Speech Is Threatened on Campus .” The Atlantic. March 2016. RP |
|
26 |
+ |
|
27 |
+Here’s one: Many |
|
28 |
+AND |
|
29 |
+threats to speech. |
|
30 |
+ |
|
31 |
+====In fact, ANY speech restrictions have a spillover effect, silencing dissent.==== |
|
32 |
+ |
|
33 |
+Strossen 90: Strossen, Nadine. John Marshall Harlan II Professor of Law, New York Law School “Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?” Duke Law Journal, 484-573, 1990. BE |
|
34 |
+ |
|
35 |
+The experience with |
|
36 |
+AND |
|
37 |
+and worth revering.191 |
|
38 |
+ |
|
39 |
+====Worse, the speech codes door swings both ways, targeting the very people they claim to help – empirics confirm college codes are primarily enforced against minorities.==== |
|
40 |
+ |
|
41 |
+ACLU 16: The American Civil Liberties Union. “Hate Speech on Campus,” American Civil Liberties Union, 2016. RP |
|
42 |
+ |
|
43 |
+A: Historically, defamation laws |
|
44 |
+AND |
|
45 |
+we'll be next." |
|
46 |
+ |
|
47 |
+====And the “for me, but not for thee” approach to free speech BACKFIRES by mobilizing white nationalists – they’re rampant in the status quo. When they feel marginalized by speech codes, they radicalize instead.==== |
|
48 |
+ |
|
49 |
+Carle 16: Carle, Robert. Professor of Theology, the King’s College, New York “How the American Academy Helped Create the Alt-Right.” The Federalist, December 2016. RP |
|
50 |
+***Bracketed for offensiveness |
|
51 |
+ |
|
52 |
+American academics are |
|
53 |
+AND |
|
54 |
+of ideological conformity.” |
|
55 |
+ |
|
56 |
+====This dooms ANY alternatives to the squo to failure – speech codes guarentee militarized crackdown against all who dissent.==== |
|
57 |
+ |
|
58 |
+Godrej 14: Godrej, Farah. Professor of Political Science, UC Riverdale “Neoliberalism, Militarization, and the Price of Dissent.” The Imperial University: Academic Repression and Scholarly Dissent. University of Minnesota Press, 2014. RP |
|
59 |
+ |
|
60 |
+In this chapter, |
|
61 |
+AND |
|
62 |
+ be in question. |
|
63 |
+ |
|
64 |
+ |
|
65 |
+ |
|
66 |
+ |
|
67 |
+Advocacy: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech. |
|
68 |
+Kurtz 15: Kurtz, Stanley. Contributor, National Review “A Plan to Restore Free Speech on Campus.” The Corner, December 2015. RP |
|
69 |
+ |
|
70 |
+First: Colleges and |
|
71 |
+AND |
|
72 |
+pre-existing speech codes. |
|
73 |
+ |
|
74 |
+ |
|
75 |
+====Part 3: Let the Words Fall Out==== |
|
76 |
+ |
|
77 |
+ |
|
78 |
+====Deregulating campus speech sets legal precedents that enable movements and protests, even if it protects bigots – Civil Rights prove.==== |
|
79 |
+ |
|
80 |
+ACLU 16: The American Civil Liberties Union. “Hate Speech on Campus,” American Civil Liberties Union, 2016. BE |
|
81 |
+ |
|
82 |
+A: Free speech rights |
|
83 |
+AND |
|
84 |
+of the peace." |
|
85 |
+ |
|
86 |
+====COMMUNITY SOLUTIONS FIX COMMUNITY PROBLEMS. The question isn’t whether hate speech is good, but WHO should regulate it: administrators or students themselves. Non-legal remedies like shunning work better.==== |
|
87 |
+ |
|
88 |
+Etzioni 93: Etzioni, Amitai. Director of the Institute for Communitarian Policy Studies, George Washington University The Spirit of Community: Rights, Responsibilities, and the Communitarian Agenda. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1993. CH |
|
89 |
+ |
|
90 |
+Thus it might |
|
91 |
+AND |
|
92 |
+offended by them. |
|
93 |
+ |
|
94 |
+====CHANGE MUST OCCUR BOTTOM UP ~-~- counterspeech from targets and allies is key to grassroots movements and strategies==== |
|
95 |
+ |
|
96 |
+Majeed 09: Majeed, Azhar. J.D., University of Michigan “Defying the Constitution: The Rise, Persistence, and Prevalence Of Campus Speech Codes.” Georgetown Journal of Law and Public Policy, 7 Geo. J.L. and Pub. Pol’y 481, 2009. CH |
|
97 |
+ |
|
98 |
+Moreover, the counterspeech |
|
99 |
+AND |
|
100 |
+to hateful messages. |
|
101 |
+ |
|
102 |
+====Free speech helps students KNOW THEIR ENEMY –speech codes just drive oppression underground. Students can’t mobilize against campus racism if they never see it.==== |
|
103 |
+ |
|
104 |
+Calleros 95: Calleros, Charles R. Professor of Law, Arizona State University “Paternalism, Counterspeech, and Campus Hate-Speech Codes.” Arizona State Law Journal, Winter 1995. RP |
|
105 |
+ |
|
106 |
+ |
|
107 |
+One cannot eliminate |
|
108 |
+AND |
|
109 |
+at every turn. |
|
110 |
+ |
|
111 |
+====And only OPEN DIALOGUE gets students to demand liberation THEMSELVES, creating a radical democracy in colleges.==== |
|
112 |
+ |
|
113 |
+DeBrabander 15: DeBrabander, Firmin. Associate Professor of Philosophy, Maryland Institute College of Art “Do Guns Make Us Free?: Democracy and the Armed Society.” Yale University Press, May 19, 2015. BE |
|
114 |
+ |
|
115 |
+ |
|
116 |
+The famed education |
|
117 |
+AND |
|
118 |
+be lectured to. |
|
119 |
+ |
|
120 |
+ |
|
121 |
+====Speech codes are ineffective at solving hate speech – 4 reasons==== |
|
122 |
+ |
|
123 |
+====1 Psychological evidence and Britain proves regulations are empirically ineffective and cause backlash.==== |
|
124 |
+ |
|
125 |
+Strossen 90: Strossen, Nadine. John Marshall Harlan II Professor of Law, New York Law School “Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?” Duke Law Journal, 484-573, 1990. BE |
|
126 |
+First, there is |
|
127 |
+AND |
|
128 |
+the United States.364 |
|
129 |
+====2 Silenced speakers appear as heroes when pitted against the government, becoming martyrs – David Duke proves.==== |
|
130 |
+ |
|
131 |
+ |
|
132 |
+Leonard 93: Leonard, James Director of Law Library and Professor of Law, Ohio Northern University “Killing with Kindness: Speech Codes in the American University.” Ohio Northern University Law Review. Volume 19. 1993. RP |
|
133 |
+ |
|
134 |
+As well as |
|
135 |
+AND |
|
136 |
+the censorship continues. |
|
137 |
+ |
|
138 |
+====3 Speech codes can’t be enforced because we can’t define “hate speech.”==== |
|
139 |
+ |
|
140 |
+Strossen: Strossen, Nadine. John Marshall Harlan II Professor of Law, New York Law School “Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?” Duke Law Journal, 484-573, 1990. BE |
|
141 |
+ |
|
142 |
+ |
|
143 |
+The difficulty of |
|
144 |
+AND |
|
145 |
+those with power. |
|
146 |
+ |
|
147 |
+====4 Speech codes face a double bind – they affect very little speech, and if they go further, they get struck down.==== |
|
148 |
+ |
|
149 |
+Calleros: Calleros, Charles R. Professor of Law, Arizona State University “Paternalism, Counterspeech, and Campus Hate-Speech Codes.” Arizona State Law Journal. Winter 1995. RP |
|
150 |
+ |
|
151 |
+Unfortunately, our solutions |
|
152 |
+AND |
|
153 |
+ growth and activism. |