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+====Part 1 is the Framework=== |
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+ |
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+====People are inherently equal at birth, so systemic exclusion of particular groups arbitrarily denies due.==== |
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+ |
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+Winter and Leighton: Winter, Deborah DuNann Professor of Psychology, Whitman College, and Dana C. Leighton, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Psychology, Southern Arkansas University. “Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology in the 21st Century.” New York: Prentice Hall, 2001. BE |
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+ |
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+Finally, to recognize |
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+AND |
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+building lasting peace. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====We should address material conditions of violence first.==== |
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+ |
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+Pappas: Pappas, Gregory Fernando. Texas AandM University “The Pragmatists’ Approach to Injustice.” The Pluralist, Volume 11, Number 1, Spring 2016. BE |
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+ |
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+In Experience and |
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+AND |
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+to each patient. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====The standard is Promoting Social Equality.==== |
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+ |
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+====Prefer additionally – ==== |
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+====1 Equality is key to any ends based theory – goods have diminishing marginal utility.==== |
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+Hooker: Hooker, Brad. Philosophy Professor, University of Reading “Ideal Code, Real World,” 2003. CH |
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+ |
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+Now imagine a |
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+AND |
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+phenomenon is important. |
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+ |
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+===2 States can’t focus on abstract, overarching theories==== |
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+Raz: Raz, Joseph Faculty, Columbia Law School “Multiculturalism: A Liberal Perspective.” Multiculturalism. Winter 1994. RP |
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+Political philosophy does |
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+AND |
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+heading for disaster. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+Part 2: Kept on the Inside |
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+CAMPUS SPEECH IS UNDER ATTACK. In the era of Trump, demagogues with an interest in STIFLING DISSENT use speech codes to make students SIT DOWN AND SHUT UP. They keep students ignorant so they don’t even question these practices. |
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+Ahmari: Ahmari, Sohrab. Assistant Books Editor, The Wall Street Journal “How Free Speech Died on Campus.” The Wall Street Journal, November 16, 2012. BE |
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+ |
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+At Northeastern University, |
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+AND |
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+means protecting dissenters." |
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+ |
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+In fact, ANY speech restrictions have a spillover effect, silencing dissent. |
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+Strossen 1: Strossen, Nadine. John Marshall Harlan II Professor of Law, New York Law School “Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?” Duke Law Journal, 484-573, 1990. BE |
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+ |
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+The experience with |
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+AND |
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+ and worth revering.191 |
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+ |
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+Worse, the speech codes door swings both ways, targeting the very people they claim to help – empirics confirm college codes are only enforced against minorities. |
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+ACLU 1: The American Civil Liberties Union. “Hate Speech on Campus,” American Civil Liberties Union, 2016. RP |
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+A: Historically, defamation |
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+AND |
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+we'll be next." |
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+ |
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+ |
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+And the “for me, but not for thee” approach to free speech BACKFIRES by mobilizing the alt-right – they’re rampant in the status quo. |
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+Carle: Carle, Robert. Professor of Theology, the King’s College, New York “How the American Academy Helped Create the Alt-Right.” The Federalist, December 2016. RP |
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+ |
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+American academics are |
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+AND |
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+of ideological conformity.” |
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+ |
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+This dooms ANY alternatives to the squo to failure – speech codes guarentee militarized crackdown against all who dissent. |
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+ |
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+Godrej: Godrej, Farah. Professor of Political Science, UC Riverdale “Neoliberalism, Militarization, and the Price of Dissent.” The Imperial University: Academic Repression and Scholarly Dissent. University of Minnesota Press, 2014. RP |
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+ |
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+In this chapter, |
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+AND |
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+be in question. |
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+ |
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+Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech |
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+Kurtz: Kurtz, Stanley. Contributor, National Review “A Plan to Restore Free Speech on Campus.” The Corner, December 2015. RP |
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+ |
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+First: Colleges and |
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+AND |
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+pre-existing speech codes. |
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+ |
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+Part 3: Let the Words Fall Out |
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+Deregulating campus speech is the only way to protect PROTESTORS, and sets valuable legal precedents. |
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+ |
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+ACLU 2: The American Civil Liberties Union. “Hate Speech on Campus,” American Civil Liberties Union, 2016. BE |
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+ |
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+A: Free speech |
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+AND |
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+of the peace." |
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+ |
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+And only OPEN DIALOGUE gets students to demand liberation THEMSELVES, creating a radical democracy in colleges. |
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+ |
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+DeBrabander: DeBrabander, Firmin. Associate Professor of Philosophy, Maryland Institute College of Art “Do Guns Make Us Free?: Democracy and the Armed Society.” Yale University Press, May 19, 2015. BE |
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+ |
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+The famed education |
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+AND |
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+be lectured to. |
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+ |
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+Meanwhile, speech codes DEMOBILIZE ACTION, driving oppressive thought underground. |
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+Strossen 2: Strossen, Nadine. John Marshall Harlan II Professor of Law, New York Law School “Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?” Duke Law Journal, 484-573, 1990. BE |
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+ |
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+There is a |
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+AND |
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+follow from it.39 5 |
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+ |
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+In fact, free speech is key to students learning to REJECT oppressive views. |
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+Leonard: Leonard, James. Professor of Law, Ohio Northern University “Killing with Kindness: Speech Codes in the American University.” Ohio Northern University Law Review. Volume 19, 1993. RP |
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+ |
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+Perhaps the archetypal |
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+AND |
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+has aged well. |
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+ |
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+Speech codes are ineffective at solving hate speech |
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+A Psychological evidence and Britain proves regulations are empirically ineffective and cause backlash. |
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+ |
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+Strossen: Strossen, Nadine. John Marshall Harlan II Professor of Law, New York Law School “Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?” Duke Law Journal, 484-573, 1990. BE |
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+ |
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+First, there is |
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+AND |
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+the United States.364 |
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+ |
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+B They glorify oppressive speakers, creating martyrdom. |
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+Strossen: Strossen, Nadine. John Marshall Harlan II Professor of Law, New York Law School “Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?” Duke Law Journal, 484-573, 1990. BE |
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+ |
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+A second reason |
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+AND |
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+ protect such speech. 390 |