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+====Part 1 is the Framework==== |
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+====The Role of the Judge is to Promote Critical Thinking==== |
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+ |
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+====Fighting oppression requires judges to help make debate a place to challenge social norms.==== |
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+Giroux 1: Giroux, Henry. Waterbury Chair Professor, Pennsylvania State University "The Curse of Totalitarianism and the Challenge of Critical Pedagogy." Philosophersforchange.org, October 13, 2015. BE |
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+ |
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+The forces of |
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+AND |
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+a vibrant democracy. |
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+ |
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+====The Role of the Ballot is to Endorse the More Productive Liberation Strategy for the Oppressed.==== |
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+ |
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+====Bottom-up approaches are key==== |
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+Giroux 2: Giroux, Henry. Waterbury Chair Professor, Pennsylvania State University "The Curse of Totalitarianism and the Challenge of Critical Pedagogy." Philosophersforchange.org, October 13, 2015. RP |
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+ |
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+ |
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+At a time |
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+AND |
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+working at all. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Part 2: Kept on the Inside==== |
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+ |
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+====Speech codes make students SIT DOWN AND SHUT UP.==== |
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+Ahmari: Ahmari, Sohrab. Assistant Books Editor, The Wall Street Journal “How Free Speech Died on Campus.” The Wall Street Journal, November 16, 2012. BE |
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+ |
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+At Northeastern University, |
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+AND |
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+means protecting dissenters." |
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+ |
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+Speech restrictions have a spillover effect |
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+Strossen 1: Strossen, Nadine. John Marshall Harlan II Professor of Law, New York Law School “Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?” Duke Law Journal, 484-573, 1990. BE |
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+ |
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+The experience with |
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+AND |
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+and worth revering.191 |
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+ |
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+Empirics confirm college codes are only enforced against minorities. |
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+ACLU 1: The American Civil Liberties Union. “Hate Speech on Campus,” American Civil Liberties Union, 2016. RP |
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+A: Historically, defamation laws |
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+AND |
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+we'll be next." |
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+ |
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+====They mobilize the alt right==== |
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+Carle: Carle, Robert. Professor of Theology, the King’s College, New York “How the American Academy Helped Create the Alt-Right.” The Federalist, December 2016. RP |
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+ |
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+American academics are |
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+AND |
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+of ideological conformity.” |
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+ |
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+====Advocacy: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected free speech.==== |
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+ |
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+Kurtz: Kurtz, Stanley. Contributor, National Review “A Plan to Restore Free Speech on Campus.” The Corner, December 2015. RP |
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+ |
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+First: Colleges and |
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+AND |
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+pre-existing speech codes. |
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+====Part 3: Let the Words Fall Out==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Deregulating campus speech sets valuable legal precedents.==== |
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+ACLU 2: The American Civil Liberties Union. “Hate Speech on Campus,” American Civil Liberties Union, 2016. BE |
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+ |
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+A: Free speech rights |
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+AND |
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+of the peace." |
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+ |
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+====And only OPEN DIALOGUE gets students to demand liberation THEMSELVES==== |
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+DeBrabander: DeBrabander, Firmin. Associate Professor of Philosophy, Maryland Institute College of Art “Do Guns Make Us Free?: Democracy and the Armed Society.” Yale University Press, May 19, 2015. BE |
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+ |
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+ |
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+The famed education |
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+AND |
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+be lectured to. |
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+ |
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+====Meanwhile, speech codes DEMOBILIZE ACTION==== |
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+Strossen 2: Strossen, Nadine. John Marshall Harlan II Professor of Law, New York Law School “Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?” Duke Law Journal, 484-573, 1990. BE |
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+ |
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+ |
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+There is a |
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+AND |
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+follow from it.39 5 |
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+ |
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+====In fact, free speech is key to students learning to REJECT oppressive views.==== |
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+Leonard: Leonard, James. Professor of Law, Ohio Northern University “Killing with Kindness: Speech Codes in the American University.” Ohio Northern University Law Review. Volume 19, 1993. RP |
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+ |
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+Perhaps the archetypal |
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+AND |
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+has aged well. |
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+ |
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+====Indeed, free campus speech is UNIQUELY key to liberation and activism==== |
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+Puzder: Puzder, Andy. Chief Executive Officer, CKE Restaurants “The Importance of Free Speech on Campus.” Real Clear Politics, December 2015. RP |
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+ |
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+ |
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+As a former |
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+AND |
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+to do so. |
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+ |
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+====Speech codes are ineffective at solving hate speech==== |
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+====A Psychological evidence and Britain prove==== |
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+Nadine Strossen law prof @ New York Law School, Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?, 1990 Duke Law Journal 484-573 (1990), BE |
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+First, there is |
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+AND |
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+the United States.364 |
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+ |
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+====B They glorify oppressive speakers==== |
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+Nadine Strossen law prof @ New York Law School, Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?, 1990 Duke Law Journal 484-573 (1990), BE |
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+ |
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+A second reason |
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+AND |
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+protect such speech. 390 |