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Cites

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1		-Part 1 is the Framework
2		-====The Role of the Judge is to Promote Critical Education, which means they must enhance our potential to expose dominant, oppressive biases both outside and within the debate space.====
3		-
4		-====Status quo policies use violence to smother critical thought. Thus, fighting oppression requires judges to help make debate a place to challenge social norms.====
5		-Giroux 1: Giroux, Henry. Waterbury Chair Professor, Pennsylvania State University "The Curse of Totalitarianism and the Challenge of Critical Pedagogy." Philosophersforchange.org, October 13, 2015. BE
6		-
7		-The forces of
8		-AND
9		-a vibrant democracy.
10		-
11		-====The Role of the Ballot is to Endorse the More Productive Liberation Strategy for the Oppressed. ====
12		-
13		-====Liberation requires tangible action, not abstract theorizing.====
14		-Giroux 2: Giroux, Henry. Waterbury Chair Professor, Pennsylvania State University “Beyond Dystopian Visions in the Age of Neoliberal Authoritarianism.” Truthout, November 4, 2015. BE
15		-
16		-In this instance,
17		-AND
18		-can do more.
19		-
20		-====Part 2: Beaten Down and Locked Up====
21		-
22		-====Racialized violence against minorities and non-citizens has become a norm amongst police.====
23		-
24		-Sabo et al: Sabo, Samantha University of Arizona, Susan Shawb, Maia Ingrama, Nicolette Teufel-Shonec, Scott Carvajala, Jill Guernsey de Zapiena, Cecilia Rosalesd, Flor Redondoe, Gina Garciae, Raquel Rubio-Goldsmithf. b University of Arizona, College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Anthropology, United States c University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Division of Health Promotion Science, United States d University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Division of Community, Environment, and Policy, United States e Campesinos Sin Fronteras, United States f University of Arizona, Mexican American Studies and Research Center, United States “Everyday Violence, Structural Racism, and Mistreatment at the US–Mexico Border.” Social Science and Medicine, Volume 109, May 2014. BE
25		-
26		-Everyday violence came
27		-AND
28		-and across generations (Krieger, 2012 and Thoits, 2010).¶ 4.3.
29		-
30		-====And QI doctrine protects police officers who use excessive force.====
31		-Wright 1: Wright, Sam. Contributor, Above the Law “Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity.” Above the Law, November 2015. RP
32		-
33		-Recently, police have
34		-AND
35		-just a start.
36		-
37		-====Indeed, in new cases of racial violence where no “clearly established” precedent exists, QI lets police off the hook.====
38		-
39		-Margulies 1: Margulies, Peter. Professor of Law, Roger Williams University “Noncitizens’ Remedies Lost?: Accountability for Overreaching in Immigration Enforcement.” FIU Law Review, 2011. BE
40		-
41		-The specificity two-step
42		-AND
43		-incentivizes reckless behavior.
44		-
45		-====Worse, QI allows judge-made exceptions for police misconduct, disincentivizng victims from even going to court.====
46		-
47		-Pattis: Pattis, Norman. Connecticut-based trial lawyer “Qualified Immunity and The Police State.” Pattis Blog, October 2016. RP
48		-
49		-I get many
50		-AND
51		-even realize it.
52		-
53		-
54		-====Plan: The United States ought to limit qualified immunity, or “QI,” for police officers through a sliding-scale model in excessive force cases.====
55		-
56		-Margulies 2: Margulies, Peter. Professor of Law, Roger Williams University “Noncitizens’ Remedies Lost?: Accountability for Overreaching in Immigration Enforcement.” FIU Law Review, 2011. BE
57		-
58		-
59		-Fortunately, case law
60		-AND
61		-should trigger deference.
62		-
63		-====Part 3: Breaking Out====
64		-
65		-====Since civil lawsuits may be the only way to expose police misconduct, the aff is a starting point for liberation.====
66		-
67		-Bernick writes: Bernick, Evan. Contributor, Foundation for Economic Education “To Hold Police Accountable, Don’t Give Them Immunity.” Foundation for Economic Education, April 2015. RP
68		-
69		-Qualified immunity shields
70		-AND
71		-needs to happen?
72		-====And unlike institutional liability, the aff has a direct impact on individual officers.====
73		-Marque-Anthony: Marque-Anthony. Contributor, ThyBlackMan “The Strategic Plan To End Police Brutality.” ThyBlackMan, July 2016. RP
74		-
75		-Officers rarely feel
76		-AND
77		-seminars and workshops.
78		-
79		-====The sliding scale model lets police do their job, while condemning excessive force that QI ignores and offering a unique form of liberation.====
80		-
81		-Carvalho: Carvalho, Ambar. J.D., Emory University School of Law (2008); B.S., Stanford University (2005) “The Sliding Scale Approach to Protecting Nonresident Immigrants Against the Use of Excessive Force in Violation of the Fourth Amendment.” Emory International Law Review, 2008. BE
82		-
83		-Due to the
84		- AND
85		-of their visit.
86		-
87		-
88		-====Further, individual citizens must be able to sue police themselves to have any personal liberation.====
89		-Wright 2: Wright, Sam. Contributor, Above the Law “Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity.” Above the Law, November 2015. RP
90		-
91		-As usual, I’ve
92		-AND
93		-the courts?
94		-
95		-====Indeed, the ability to bring a case matters more than the case’s outcome, since it confronts the “do-nothing” pessimism that halts liberation – INDIVIDUAL ACTION IS KEY TO TOPPLE THE POLICE STATE.====
96		-
97		-Smith shows: Smith, Ethan Indigo. Contributor, Mintpress News “Oligarchy, Police State, and The War On Individualism.” Mintpress News, March 2015. RP
98		-
99		-
100		-All the social
101		-AND
102		-Declaration of Independence.

EntryDate

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1		-2016-11-05 00:10:16.0

Judge

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1		-Chad Infante

Opponent

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1		-Greenhill MR

ParentRound

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1		-23

Round

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1		-2

Team

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1		-Harrison Piliero Aff

Title

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1		-NOVDEC - Police State AC

Tournament

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1		-Apple Valley