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+I affirm and value Democratic Justice, meaning policies that give citizens the representation they’re due. |
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+ |
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+Since each person has different values, states must respect pluralism. |
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+ |
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+Allen: Allen, William St. Michael M.A., Philosophy, Georgia State University “In Defense of Rawlsian Constructivism.” Georgia State University, Dept of Philosophy, May 2007. BE |
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+ |
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+The project Rawls |
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+AND |
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+democratic means (e.g. voting). |
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+ |
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+Since citizens have equal inherent worth, they must get an equal chance to be heard. |
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+Abplanalp: Abplanalp, Edward Ph.D., University of Nebraska-Lincoln “Background Environmental Justice: An Extension of Rawls’s Political Liberalism.” University of Nebraska, 2010. BE |
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+ |
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+ |
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+But we should |
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+AND |
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+Bush, Clinton, etc. |
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+ |
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+Thus, the standard is Respecting Procedural Equality. Respecting Procedural Equality means maintaining a system that gives all citizens opportunities to influence the state’s distribution of benefits and costs. |
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+ |
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+ Standards Analysis: |
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+a. The framework is procedural, not substantive; it looks to institutional structures, not results. People consent to a system that gives them a voice in the conditions that govern them, so they should decide what substantive goods the state provides. |
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+Abplanalp: Abplanalp, Edward Ph.D., University of Nebraska-Lincoln “Background Environmental Justice: An Extension of Rawls’s Political Liberalism.” University of Nebraska, 2010. BE |
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+ |
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+Any account of |
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+AND |
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+of future generations. |
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+ |
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+b. The standard isn’t aggregative – it’s a simple test – as long as nuclear power denies procedural equality, we affirm, since it fails to meet justifiability. |
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+ |
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+Prefer additionally: |
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+1 Epistemology ~-~- procedural inclusion is key to real knowledge production, since we otherwise only reflect dominant views. |
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+Medina shows: Medina, Jose. Professor of Philosophy, Vanderbilt University “Towards a Foucaulitan Epistemology of Resistance: Counter-Memory, Epistemic Friction, and Guerilla Pluralism.” Foucault Studies, No. 12, 2011. CH |
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+ |
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+Subjugated knowledges remain |
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+AND |
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+closures are revived. |
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+2 Justice requires procedures that make collective action possible. |
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+ |
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+Korsgaard: Korsgaard, Christine. Professor of Philosophy, Harvard University “Self-Constitution: Agency, Identity, and Integrity.” Oxford University Press, 2009. BE |
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+ |
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+That is, in |
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+AND |
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+ as a unit. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+Countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power. |
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+WNN writes: World Nuclear News Source that writes about news affecting nuclear power and nuclear weapons “Proposal for financing German nuclear phase-out.” WNN, April 2016. RP |
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+ |
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+ |
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+Following the Fukushima |
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+AND |
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+ markets Stefan Dohler. |
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+ |
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+Advantage 1 is Environmental Injustice |
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+All nuclear production creates waste, targeting the most vulnerable people – from mining to siting, nuclear waste has multi-faceted harms |
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+Endres writes: Endres, Danielle Department of Communication, University of Utah “From Wasteland to Waste Site: The Role of Discourse In Nuclear Power’s Environmental Injustice.” Routledge, November 2009. RP |
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+ |
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+All nuclear power |
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+AND |
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+ and tailing piles. |
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+Cousins adds: Cousins, Elicia Researcher, Carleton College, Claire Karban, Fay Li, and Marianna Zapanta. “Nuclear Power and Environmental Justice.” Carleton College, Environmental Studies Comprehensive Project, no date. BE |
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+ |
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+In addition, we |
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+AND |
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+environmental justice issues. |
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+States exclude citizens from the process, promising desirable economic impacts that are never achieved. |
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+Dixon: Dixon, Bruce A. Managing Editor, Black Agenda Report “Environmental Racism: Is Nuclear Plant Causing Cancer for Poor Black Residents of Shell Bluff, Ga.?” The Grio, January 25, 2012. BE |
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+ |
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+In 2010, President |
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+AND |
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+ purpose since 2003. |
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+Such harms create both current and intergenerational inequity, denying people access to basic democratic deliberation. |
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+Parkins: Parkins, John R. Associate Professor of Sociology, University of Alberta, and Randolph Haluza-DeLay Associate Professor of Sociology, The King’s University College, Edmonton, Alberta. “Social and Ethical Considerations of Nuclear Power Development.” University of Alberta Faculty of Agricultural Life and Environmental Sciences, April 2011. BE |
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+ |
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+These are among |
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+AND |
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+ of procedural fairness (Blowers 2003). |
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+This inherent denial of procedural equity justifies a ban. |
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+Abplanalp : Abplanalp, Edward Ph.D., University of Nebraska-Lincoln “Background Environmental Justice: An Extension of Rawls’s Political Liberalism.” University of Nebraska, 2010. RP |
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+ |
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+In order to |
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+ AND |
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+number of generations. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+ |
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+Advantage 2 is Technocracy |
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+ |
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+Nuclear power relies on secrecy instead of transparency: nuclear “experts” are privy to special knowledge the general public can’t access. |
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+Bowling writes: Bowling, Jill Honorary Professional Fellow, University of Wollongong, Australia, Brian Martin, Val Plumwood, and Ian Watson. “Strategy Against Nuclear Power.” Social Alternatives, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1986. MZ |
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+ |
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+The state is |
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+AND |
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+most powerful economically. |
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+ |
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+As a result, the nuclear industry can always claim the average citizen “wouldn’t understand” energy policy as an excuse for not consulting them. |
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+Parkins: Parkins, John R. Associate Professor of Sociology, University of Alberta, and Randolph Haluza-DeLay Associate Professor of Sociology, The King’s University College, Edmonton, Alberta. “Social and Ethical Considerations of Nuclear Power Development.” University of Alberta Faculty of Agricultural Life and Environmental Sciences, April 2011. CH |
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+ |
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+This form of |
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+AND |
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+ have to accept. |
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+ |
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+The nuclear industry relies on corruption to keep citizens in the dark – lobbyists fabricate information and studies. |
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+Shrader-Frechette: Shrader-Frechette, Kristin. O’Neill Family Professor, University of Notre Dame “Answering ‘Scientific Attacks’ on Ethical Imperatives: Wind and Solar Versus Nuclear Solutions to Climate Change.” Ethics and the Environment, Volume 18, Number 1, Spring 2013. RP |
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+ |
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+Part of the |
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+AND |
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+use renewable energy. |
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+ |
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+This mode of governance is the biggest threat to democracy; the nuclear industry becomes an authoritarian force that blocks out citizens. |
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+Kaur shows: Kaur, Raminder A. Professor of Anthropology and Cultural Studies, University of Sussex “A ‘Nuclear Renaissance,’ Climate Change, and the State of Exception.” The Australian Journal of Anthropology, Vol. 22, Issue 2, May 2011. RP |
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+ |
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+ |
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+Jungk adds that, |
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+AND |
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+ and green’ energy. |