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+Part 1 is the Framework |
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+I value Just State Action, |
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+ |
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+Exclusion of particular groups arbitrarily denies due. |
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+Winter and Leighton: Winter, Deborah DuNann Professor of Psychology, Whitman College, and Dana C. Leighton, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Psychology, Southern Arkansas University. “Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology in the 21st Century.” New York: Prentice Hall, 2001. BE |
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+ |
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+Finally, to recognize |
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+AND |
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+building lasting peace. |
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+ |
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+We should address material conditions of violence first. |
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+Pappas: Pappas, Gregory Fernando. Texas AandM University “The Pragmatists’ Approach to Injustice.” The Pluralist, Volume 11, Number 1, Spring 2016. BE |
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+ |
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+In Experience and |
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+AND |
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+to each patient. |
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+ |
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+The standard is Promoting Social Equality. |
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+Equality is key to any ends based theory |
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+ |
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+Part 2: Beaten Down and Locked Up |
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+Anti-Black police violence is rampant in the U.S. |
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+Carbado 1: Carbado, Devon W. The Honorable Harry Pregerson Professor of Law “Blue-on-Black Violence: A Provisional Model of Some of the Causes.” The Georgetown Law Journal, Vol. 104, 2016. RP |
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+ |
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+No single model |
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+AND |
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+the Fourth Amendment.” |
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+ |
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+ |
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+And QI’s “clearly established” element lets police off the hook |
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+ |
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+Carbado 2: Carbado, Devon W. The Honorable Harry Pregerson Professor of Law “Blue-on-Black Violence: A Provisional Model of Some of the Causes.” The Georgetown Law Journal, Vol. 104, 2016. RP |
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+ |
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+A second problem with |
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+AND |
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+ acts of violence. |
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+ |
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+Victims can’t win. |
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+Margulies 1: Margulies, Peter. Professor of Law, Roger Williams University “Noncitizens’ Remedies Lost?: Accountability for Overreaching in Immigration Enforcement.” FIU Law Review, 2011. BE |
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+ |
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+The specificity two-step |
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+AND |
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+ incentivizes reckless behavior. |
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+ |
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+QI lets judge-made exceptions exist for police misconduct |
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+Pattis writes: Pattis, Norman. Connecticut-based trial lawyer “Qualified Immunity and The Police State.” Pattis Blog, October 2016. RP |
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+ |
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+A man calls |
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+AND |
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+even realize it. |
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+ |
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+Plan: The United States federal government ought to limit qualified immunity, or “QI,” for police officers, by removing its “clearly established” element. |
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+Wright shows: Wright, Sam. Public Interest Lawyer “Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity.” Above the Law, Nov. 2015. MZ |
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+ |
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+To bring about |
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+AND |
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+ in the courts? |
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+ |
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+Part 3: Breaking Out |
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+ |
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+ |
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+Civil lawsuits may be the only way to expose police misconduct |
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+Bernick writes: Bernick, Evan. Contributor, Foundation for Economic Education “To Hold Police Accountable, Don’t Give Them Immunity.” Foundation for Economic Education, April 2015. RP |
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+ |
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+Qualified immunity shields |
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+AND |
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+needs to happen? |
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+ |
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+The aff has a direct impact on individual officers. |
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+Marque-Anthony: Marque-Anthony. Contributor, ThyBlackMan “The Strategic Plan To End Police Brutality.” ThyBlackMan, July 2016. RP |
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+ |
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+Officers rarely feel |
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+AND |
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+seminars and workshops. |
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+ |
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+The risk of being sued deters police misconduct. |
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+Gilles, Myriam E. Assistant Professor, Cardozo Law School “In Defense of Making Government Pay: The Deterrent Effect of Constitutional Tort Remedies.” Georgia Law Review, Vol. 35, 2001. JW |
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+ |
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+The question of |
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+AND |
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+no inhibitory effect. |
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+ |
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+The sliding scale model lets police do their job |
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+Carvalho: Carvalho, Ambar. J.D., Emory University School of Law (2008); B.S., Stanford University (2005) “The Sliding Scale Approach to Protecting Nonresident Immigrants Against the Use of Excessive Force in Violation of the Fourth Amendment.” Emory International Law Review, 2008. BE |
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+ |
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+Due to the |
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+ AND |
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+of their visit. |
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+ |
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+Individual citizens must be able to sue police themselves |
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+ |
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+Wright 2: Wright, Sam. Contributor, Above the Law “Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity.” Above the Law, November 2015. RP |
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+ |
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+As usual, I’ve |
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+AND |
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+the courts? |
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+ |
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+The ability to bring a case matters more than the case’s outcome |
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+ |
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+Smith shows: Smith, Ethan Indigo. Contributor, Mintpress News “Oligarchy, Police State, and The War On Individualism.” Mintpress News, March 2015. RP |
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+ |
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+All the social |
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+AND |
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+Declaration of Independence. |