Changes for page Harrison Lapkin Aff
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... ... @@ -1,32 +1,0 @@ 1 -I value Democratic Legitimacy, meaning a society that balances power between people and the state. 2 -State authority from ppl 3 -Rousseau, Jean Jacques. The Social Contract or Principles of Political Right. Translated by G.D.H Cole, Constitution Project, 1762. EA 4 -I SUPPOSE men 5 -AND 6 -Most frightful abuse 7 -Spe powers good for democracy 8 -Connell, Seth. Administrator, The Federalist Papers Project. “The Importance of Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances.” Red Millennial, May 2013. RP 9 -This concept is 10 -AND 11 -Or unethical legislation 12 -Thus, the standard is Upholding Democratic Checks on State Power. 13 -J1: proced liability prereq to goods 14 -J2: decisions must be justified by public 15 -Estlund, David M. Democratic Authority: A Philosophical Framework. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009. MT 16 -On this account 17 -AND 18 -Be generally acceptable 19 -QI determined by court so best equip for it 20 -Dawson, Edward C. Assistant Professor of Law, Southern Illinois University School of Law “Qualified Immunity for Officers’ Reasonable Reliance on Lawyers’ Advice.” Northwestern University Law Review, 110:525, 2016. CH 21 -The second point 22 -AND 23 -It is simpler 24 -HE ADDS 25 -The court’s development 26 -AND 27 -deterrence of officials 28 -Congress cant legislate courts 29 -Nathanson, J. Edmond. Law Clerk to Judge Laurence H. Silberman “Congressional Power to Contradict the Supreme Court's Constitutional Decisions: Accomomdation of Rights in Conflict.” 1986. RP 30 -In his dissenting 31 -AND 32 -Source of controversy - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,47 +1,0 @@ 1 -A. Text 2 -The United States ought to maintain qualified immunity for police officers, and require officers to adopt the Cincinnati Model of policing. This entails: 3 -A Community problem-oriented policing, in which officers work with residents to develop crime control methods; 4 -B A system that allows citizens to file complaints against officers directly with the police force, and disciplines those officers. Citizens have a means of reporting misconduct to supervisors, who investigate and keep a public record of the outcome. 5 -C Press conferences immediately following police shootings to communicate with the public. The officers involved in any shootings must make a public appearance in which they answer questions from citizens and reporters involving the incident. 6 -Semeuls, Alana Contributor, The Atlantic “How To Fix A Broken Police Department.” The Atlantic. May 2015. RP 7 -Some of the 8 -AND 9 -the first place. 10 -B. Competition 11 -The CP competes on net benefits. 12 -C. Solvency 13 -1. The CP straight-up works. 14 -Semeuls, Alana. Contributor, The Atlantic “How to Fix a Broken Police Department.” The Atlantic, May 2015. RP 15 -Looking back, the 16 -AND 17 -17,913 last year. 18 -2. CP improves police relations with communities. 19 -Semeuls, Alana. Contributor, The Atlantic “How to Fix a Broken Police Department.” The Atlantic, May 2015. RP 20 -The Cincinnati model 21 -AND 22 -of the crimes. 23 -Problem oriented policing solves the root cause. 24 -Semeuls, Alana Contributor, The Atlantic “How To Fix A Broken Police Department.” The Atlantic. May 2015. RP 25 -Problem-oriented policing 26 -AND 27 -solve difficult problems. 28 -Community policing removes crime. 29 -Semeuls, Alana Contributor, The Atlantic “How To Fix A Broken Police Department.” The Atlantic. May 2015. EL 30 -Police Officer Eric 31 -AND 32 -forward,” Green said. 33 -A2 wouldn't cooperate. 34 -Semeuls, Alana Contributor, The Atlantic “How To Fix A Broken Police Department.” The Atlantic. May 2015. EL 35 -Senior officers slowly 36 -AND 37 -thought we were. 38 -Minimizes arrest and counter to stop and frisk. 39 -Semeuls, Alana Contributor, The Atlantic “How To Fix A Broken Police Department.” The Atlantic. May 2015. EL 40 -And in a 41 -AND 42 -John Jay College 43 -Improved race relations. 44 -Semeuls, Alana Contributor, The Atlantic “How To Fix A Broken Police Department.” The Atlantic. May 2015. EL 45 -By 2009, when 46 -AND 47 -she told me. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,107 @@ 1 +Part 1 is the Framework 2 + 3 + 4 +I value Just State Action, 5 + 6 + 7 +Exclusion of particular groups arbitrarily denies due. 8 +Winter and Leighton: Winter, Deborah DuNann Professor of Psychology, Whitman College, and Dana C. Leighton, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Psychology, Southern Arkansas University. “Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology in the 21st Century.” New York: Prentice Hall, 2001. BE 9 + 10 +Finally, to recognize 11 +AND 12 +building lasting peace. 13 + 14 +We should address material conditions of violence first. 15 +Pappas: Pappas, Gregory Fernando. Texas AandM University “The Pragmatists’ Approach to Injustice.” The Pluralist, Volume 11, Number 1, Spring 2016. BE 16 + 17 +In Experience and 18 +AND 19 +to each patient. 20 + 21 +The standard is Promoting Social Equality. 22 +Equality is key to any ends based theory 23 + 24 +Part 2: Beaten Down and Locked Up 25 +Anti-Black police violence is rampant in the U.S. 26 +Carbado 1: Carbado, Devon W. The Honorable Harry Pregerson Professor of Law “Blue-on-Black Violence: A Provisional Model of Some of the Causes.” The Georgetown Law Journal, Vol. 104, 2016. RP 27 + 28 +No single model 29 +AND 30 +the Fourth Amendment.” 31 + 32 + 33 +And QI’s “clearly established” element lets police off the hook 34 + 35 +Carbado 2: Carbado, Devon W. The Honorable Harry Pregerson Professor of Law “Blue-on-Black Violence: A Provisional Model of Some of the Causes.” The Georgetown Law Journal, Vol. 104, 2016. RP 36 + 37 +A second problem with 38 +AND 39 + acts of violence. 40 + 41 +Victims can’t win. 42 +Margulies 1: Margulies, Peter. Professor of Law, Roger Williams University “Noncitizens’ Remedies Lost?: Accountability for Overreaching in Immigration Enforcement.” FIU Law Review, 2011. BE 43 + 44 +The specificity two-step 45 +AND 46 + incentivizes reckless behavior. 47 + 48 +QI lets judge-made exceptions exist for police misconduct 49 +Pattis writes: Pattis, Norman. Connecticut-based trial lawyer “Qualified Immunity and The Police State.” Pattis Blog, October 2016. RP 50 + 51 +A man calls 52 +AND 53 +even realize it. 54 + 55 +Plan: The United States federal government ought to limit qualified immunity, or “QI,” for police officers, by removing its “clearly established” element. 56 +Wright shows: Wright, Sam. Public Interest Lawyer “Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity.” Above the Law, Nov. 2015. MZ 57 + 58 +To bring about 59 +AND 60 + in the courts? 61 + 62 +Part 3: Breaking Out 63 + 64 + 65 +Civil lawsuits may be the only way to expose police misconduct 66 +Bernick writes: Bernick, Evan. Contributor, Foundation for Economic Education “To Hold Police Accountable, Don’t Give Them Immunity.” Foundation for Economic Education, April 2015. RP 67 + 68 +Qualified immunity shields 69 +AND 70 +needs to happen? 71 + 72 +The aff has a direct impact on individual officers. 73 +Marque-Anthony: Marque-Anthony. Contributor, ThyBlackMan “The Strategic Plan To End Police Brutality.” ThyBlackMan, July 2016. RP 74 + 75 +Officers rarely feel 76 +AND 77 +seminars and workshops. 78 + 79 +The risk of being sued deters police misconduct. 80 +Gilles, Myriam E. Assistant Professor, Cardozo Law School “In Defense of Making Government Pay: The Deterrent Effect of Constitutional Tort Remedies.” Georgia Law Review, Vol. 35, 2001. JW 81 + 82 +The question of 83 +AND 84 +no inhibitory effect. 85 + 86 +The sliding scale model lets police do their job 87 +Carvalho: Carvalho, Ambar. J.D., Emory University School of Law (2008); B.S., Stanford University (2005) “The Sliding Scale Approach to Protecting Nonresident Immigrants Against the Use of Excessive Force in Violation of the Fourth Amendment.” Emory International Law Review, 2008. BE 88 + 89 +Due to the 90 + AND 91 +of their visit. 92 + 93 +Individual citizens must be able to sue police themselves 94 + 95 +Wright 2: Wright, Sam. Contributor, Above the Law “Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity.” Above the Law, November 2015. RP 96 + 97 +As usual, I’ve 98 +AND 99 +the courts? 100 + 101 +The ability to bring a case matters more than the case’s outcome 102 + 103 +Smith shows: Smith, Ethan Indigo. Contributor, Mintpress News “Oligarchy, Police State, and The War On Individualism.” Mintpress News, March 2015. RP 104 + 105 +All the social 106 +AND 107 +Declaration of Independence. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,104 @@ 1 +Part 1 is the Framework 2 + 3 +The Role of the Judge is to Promote Critical Education 4 + 5 + 6 +Status quo policies use violence to smother critical thought. 7 +Giroux 1: Giroux, Henry. Waterbury Chair Professor, Pennsylvania State University "The Curse of Totalitarianism and the Challenge of Critical Pedagogy." Philosophersforchange.org, October 13, 2015. BE 8 + 9 +The forces of 10 +AND 11 +a vibrant democracy. 12 + 13 +The Role of the Ballot is to Endorse the More Productive Liberation Strategy for the Oppressed. 14 +Liberation requires tangible action, not abstract theorizing. 15 +Giroux 2: Giroux, Henry. Waterbury Chair Professor, Pennsylvania State University “Beyond Dystopian Visions in the Age of Neoliberal Authoritarianism.” Truthout, November 4, 2015. BE 16 + 17 +In this instance, 18 +AND 19 +can do more. 20 + 21 +Part 2: Beaten Down and Locked Up 22 +Anti-Black police violence is rampant in the U.S. 23 +Carbado 1: Carbado, Devon W. The Honorable Harry Pregerson Professor of Law “Blue-on-Black Violence: A Provisional Model of Some of the Causes.” The Georgetown Law Journal, Vol. 104, 2016. RP 24 + 25 +No single model 26 +AND 27 +the Fourth Amendment.” 28 + 29 + 30 +And QI’s “clearly established” element lets police off the hook 31 + 32 +Carbado 2: Carbado, Devon W. The Honorable Harry Pregerson Professor of Law “Blue-on-Black Violence: A Provisional Model of Some of the Causes.” The Georgetown Law Journal, Vol. 104, 2016. RP 33 + 34 +A second problem with 35 +AND 36 + acts of violence. 37 + 38 +Victims can’t win. 39 +Margulies 1: Margulies, Peter. Professor of Law, Roger Williams University “Noncitizens’ Remedies Lost?: Accountability for Overreaching in Immigration Enforcement.” FIU Law Review, 2011. BE 40 + 41 +The specificity two-step 42 +AND 43 + incentivizes reckless behavior. 44 + 45 +QI lets judge-made exceptions exist for police misconduct 46 +Pattis writes: Pattis, Norman. Connecticut-based trial lawyer “Qualified Immunity and The Police State.” Pattis Blog, October 2016. RP 47 + 48 +A man calls 49 +AND 50 +even realize it. 51 + 52 +Plan: The United States federal government ought to limit qualified immunity, or “QI,” for police officers, by removing its “clearly established” element. 53 +Wright shows: Wright, Sam. Public Interest Lawyer “Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity.” Above the Law, Nov. 2015. MZ 54 + 55 +To bring about 56 +AND 57 + in the courts? 58 + 59 +Part 3: Breaking Out 60 + 61 + 62 +Civil lawsuits may be the only way to expose police misconduct 63 +Bernick writes: Bernick, Evan. Contributor, Foundation for Economic Education “To Hold Police Accountable, Don’t Give Them Immunity.” Foundation for Economic Education, April 2015. RP 64 + 65 +Qualified immunity shields 66 +AND 67 +needs to happen? 68 + 69 +The aff has a direct impact on individual officers. 70 +Marque-Anthony: Marque-Anthony. Contributor, ThyBlackMan “The Strategic Plan To End Police Brutality.” ThyBlackMan, July 2016. RP 71 + 72 +Officers rarely feel 73 +AND 74 +seminars and workshops. 75 + 76 +The risk of being sued deters police misconduct. 77 +Gilles, Myriam E. Assistant Professor, Cardozo Law School “In Defense of Making Government Pay: The Deterrent Effect of Constitutional Tort Remedies.” Georgia Law Review, Vol. 35, 2001. JW 78 + 79 +The question of 80 +AND 81 +no inhibitory effect. 82 + 83 +The sliding scale model lets police do their job 84 +Carvalho: Carvalho, Ambar. J.D., Emory University School of Law (2008); B.S., Stanford University (2005) “The Sliding Scale Approach to Protecting Nonresident Immigrants Against the Use of Excessive Force in Violation of the Fourth Amendment.” Emory International Law Review, 2008. BE 85 + 86 +Due to the 87 + AND 88 +of their visit. 89 + 90 +Individual citizens must be able to sue police themselves 91 + 92 +Wright 2: Wright, Sam. Contributor, Above the Law “Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity.” Above the Law, November 2015. RP 93 + 94 +As usual, I’ve 95 +AND 96 +the courts? 97 + 98 +The ability to bring a case matters more than the case’s outcome 99 + 100 +Smith shows: Smith, Ethan Indigo. Contributor, Mintpress News “Oligarchy, Police State, and The War On Individualism.” Mintpress News, March 2015. RP 101 + 102 +All the social 103 +AND 104 +Declaration of Independence. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,104 @@ 1 +I value Just State Action 2 +Recognizing self-awareness is the basis of all philosophy. 3 + 4 +Wood 1: Allen W. Wood. "Fichte's Philosophy of Right and Ethics," forthcoming in Günter Zöller (ed). The Cambridge Companion to Fichte. New York: Cambridge University Press. CH 5 + 6 +Fichte's Wissenschaftslehre is 7 +AND 8 +latter "real" activity (GA I/2:402-404. SK 236-238). 9 + 10 +We recognize others’ freedom and choices. 11 +Wood 2: Allen W. Wood. "Fichte's Philosophy of Right and Ethics," forthcoming in Günter Zöller (ed). The Cambridge Companion to Fichte. New York: Cambridge University Press. CH 12 + 13 +The condition for 14 +AND 15 +the external world (GA I/3:409). 16 + 17 +Thus, the standard is Respecting Moral Agency. 18 + 19 +Standards Analysis: 20 + 21 +1. The framework is procedural, not substantive. 22 +Abplanalp: Abplanalp, Edward Ph.D., University of Nebraska-Lincoln “Background Environmental Justice: An Extension of Rawls’s Political Liberalism.” University of Nebraska, 2010. BE 23 + 24 +Any account of 25 +AND 26 +of future generations. 27 + 28 +2. The standard isn't aggregative. 29 + 30 +Prefer this standard, since: 31 + 32 +1. People need agency to achieve other goods. 33 +Kuhler 1: Kuhler, Michael. “Autonomy and The Self,” Wilhelms University, Munster, November 2010. SR 34 + 35 +Surely, there are 36 +AND 37 +precedes the self. 38 + 39 +2. My framework controls the link to all ends-based standards. 40 + 41 +I advocate that the United States federal government ought to limit qualified immunity, or “QI,” for police officers. 42 +Wright shows: Wright, Sam. Public Interest Lawyer “Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity.” Above the Law, Nov. 2015. MZ 43 + 44 +To bring about 45 +AND 46 +in the courts? 47 + 48 +Advantage 1: Giving Voice to Victims 49 +U.S. police show racism 50 +Makarechi: Makarechi, Kia. Senior Editor of Mobile and Innovations, The Huffington Post “What the Data Really Says About Police and Racial Bias.” Vanity Fair, July 14, 2016. CH 51 + 52 +A study 53 +AND 54 +searched without consent. 55 +Yet QI typically protects those who commit misconduct 56 +Bernick 1: Bernick, Evan Contributor, Foundation for Economic Education “To Hold Police Accountable, Don’t Give Them Immunity.” Foundation for Economic Education. April 2015. RP 57 + 58 +But for decades, 59 +AND 60 +“shall be liable.” 61 + 62 +QI denies their status as moral agents. ” 63 + 64 +Temple Law: Temple Law. “Accountability for Government Misconduct: Limiting Qualified Immunity and the Good Faith Defense.” Temple Law Review, Vol. 49, 1976. MZ 65 + 66 +No matter what 67 +AND 68 +of civil liberties. 69 + 70 +Turning away is a form of complicity . 71 +Kahn: Kahn, DT. “Bystander Intervention and Norm Shifting: A Social Psychological Research Overview,” 2011. EB 72 + 73 +In order to 74 +AND 75 +illustrated in Figure 1. 76 + 77 +Advantage 2: Destroying Double-Standards 78 +QI gives police an excuse for participating in injustices 79 +Heller: Heller, Jacob. J.D. Candidate, Stanford Law School “Abominable Acts.” Vermont Law Review, Vol. 34:311, 2010. LC 80 + 81 +In these cases, 82 +AND 83 +of civilized law. 84 + 85 +Indeed, QI sets a precedent that absolves people moral duties. 86 +Grigg: Grigg, William N. Contributor, Pro Libertate “‘Qualified Immunity’ – A License to Commit Criminal Violence?” Pro Libertate, October 2013. RP 87 + 88 +There is no 89 +AND 90 +in other states. 91 + 92 +Yet moral obligations transcend specific roles 93 +DeGeorge notes: De George, Richard T. University Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, University of Kansas Business Ethics. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1999. CH 94 + 95 +Because people are 96 +AND 97 +to be moral. 98 + 99 +Using the cloak of QI to shield misconduct removes blame from wrongdoers. 100 +Baker et al: Baker, Parris Gannon University, and Sara Lichtenwalter Gannon University. “Teaching about Oppression Through Jenga: A Game-Based Learning Example for Social Work Educators.” Journal of Social Work Education, Vol. 46, No. 2, Spring/Summer 2010. MZ 101 + 102 +Institutional oppression refers 103 +AND 104 +to steal bread. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,91 @@ 1 +Part 1 is the Framework 2 +The Role of the Judge is to Promote Critical Thinking 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 +Fighting oppression requires judges to help make debate a place to challenge social norms. 7 +Giroux 1: Giroux, Henry. Waterbury Chair Professor, Pennsylvania State University "The Curse of Totalitarianism and the Challenge of Critical Pedagogy." Philosophersforchange.org, October 13, 2015. BE 8 + 9 +The forces of 10 +AND 11 +a vibrant democracy. 12 + 13 +The Role of the Ballot is to Endorse the More Productive Liberation Strategy for the Oppressed. 14 +Bottom-up approaches are key 15 +Giroux 2: Giroux, Henry. Waterbury Chair Professor, Pennsylvania State University "The Curse of Totalitarianism and the Challenge of Critical Pedagogy." Philosophersforchange.org, October 13, 2015. RP 16 + 17 +At a time 18 +AND 19 +working at all. 20 + 21 +Part 2: Kept on the Inside 22 +Speech codes make students SIT DOWN AND SHUT UP. 23 +Ahmari: Ahmari, Sohrab. Assistant Books Editor, The Wall Street Journal “How Free Speech Died on Campus.” The Wall Street Journal, November 16, 2012. BE 24 + 25 +At Northeastern University, 26 +AND 27 +means protecting dissenters." 28 + 29 +Speech restrictions have a spillover effect 30 +Strossen 1: Strossen, Nadine. John Marshall Harlan II Professor of Law, New York Law School “Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?” Duke Law Journal, 484-573, 1990. BE 31 + 32 +The experience with 33 +AND 34 +and worth revering.191 35 + 36 +Empirics confirm college codes are only enforced against minorities. 37 +ACLU 1: The American Civil Liberties Union. “Hate Speech on Campus,” American Civil Liberties Union, 2016. RP 38 +A: Historically, defamation laws 39 +AND 40 +we'll be next." 41 + 42 +They mobilize the alt right 43 +Carle: Carle, Robert. Professor of Theology, the King’s College, New York “How the American Academy Helped Create the Alt-Right.” The Federalist, December 2016. RP 44 + 45 +American academics are 46 +AND 47 +of ideological conformity.” 48 + 49 +Advocacy: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected free speech. 50 +Kurtz: Kurtz, Stanley. Contributor, National Review “A Plan to Restore Free Speech on Campus.” The Corner, December 2015. RP 51 + 52 +First: Colleges and 53 +AND 54 +pre-existing speech codes. 55 + 56 +Part 3: Let the Words Fall Out 57 +Deregulating campus speech sets valuable legal precedents. 58 + 59 +ACLU 2: The American Civil Liberties Union. “Hate Speech on Campus,” American Civil Liberties Union, 2016. BE 60 + 61 +A: Free speech rights 62 +AND 63 +of the peace." 64 + 65 +And only OPEN DIALOGUE gets students to demand liberation THEMSELVES 66 +DeBrabander: DeBrabander, Firmin. Associate Professor of Philosophy, Maryland Institute College of Art “Do Guns Make Us Free?: Democracy and the Armed Society.” Yale University Press, May 19, 2015. BE 67 + 68 +The famed education 69 +AND 70 +be lectured to. 71 + 72 +Meanwhile, speech codes DEMOBILIZE ACTION 73 +Strossen 2: Strossen, Nadine. John Marshall Harlan II Professor of Law, New York Law School “Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?” Duke Law Journal, 484-573, 1990. BE 74 + 75 +There is a 76 +AND 77 +follow from it.39 5 78 + 79 +In fact, free speech is key to students learning to REJECT oppressive views. 80 +Leonard: Leonard, James. Professor of Law, Ohio Northern University “Killing with Kindness: Speech Codes in the American University.” Ohio Northern University Law Review. Volume 19, 1993. RP 81 + 82 +Perhaps the archetypal 83 +AND 84 +has aged well. 85 + 86 +Indeed, free campus speech is UNIQUELY key to liberation and activism 87 +Puzder: Puzder, Andy. Chief Executive Officer, CKE Restaurants “The Importance of Free Speech on Campus.” Real Clear Politics, December 2015. RP 88 + 89 +As a former 90 +AND 91 +to do so. - EntryDate
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