| ... |
... |
@@ -1,126
+1,0 @@ |
| 1 |
|
-The constitutive obligation of the state is to protect citizen interest—individual obligations are not applicable in the public sphere. Goodin 95 |
| 2 |
|
-Robert E. Goodin. Philosopher of Political Theory, Public Policy, and Applied Ethics. Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 1995. p. 26-7 |
| 3 |
|
-The great adventure of utilitarianism as a guide to public conduct is that it avoids |
| 4 |
|
-AND |
| 5 |
|
-thus understood is, I would argue, a uniquely defensible public philosophy. |
| 6 |
|
-Util is axiomatically true - all value stems from experienced wellbeing. Harris 10 |
| 7 |
|
-Sam Harris 2010. CEO Project Reason; PHD UCLA Neuroscience; BA Stanford Philosophy. The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values.” |
| 8 |
|
-I believe that we will increasingly understand good and evil, right and wrong, |
| 9 |
|
-AND |
| 10 |
|
-, therefore, consequences and conscious states remain the foundation of all values. |
| 11 |
|
-Moral uncertainty means we default to preventing extinction under any ethical framework |
| 12 |
|
-BOSTROM 11 |
| 13 |
|
-(2011) Nick Bostrom, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford Martin School and Faculty of Philosophy |
| 14 |
|
-These reflections on moral uncertainty suggests an alternative, complementary way of |
| 15 |
|
-AND |
| 16 |
|
-value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe. |
| 17 |
|
-Death is the worst form of evil since it destroys the subject itself. |
| 18 |
|
-Paterson 03 – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island (Craig, “A Life Not Worth Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics. |
| 19 |
|
-Contrary to those accounts, I would argue that it is death per se that |
| 20 |
|
-AND |
| 21 |
|
-the person, the very source and condition of all human possibility.82 |
| 22 |
|
-Meltdowns |
| 23 |
|
-Nuclear meltdown is going to happen within the next decade |
| 24 |
|
-Gesellschaft 12 (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft: research society in Germany; "Severe nuclear reactor accidents likely every 10 to 20 years, European study suggests."; ScienceDaily; 22 May 2012; www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120522134942.htm; DT) |
| 25 |
|
-Catastrophic nuclear accidents such as the core meltdowns in Chernobyl and Fukushima are more likely |
| 26 |
|
-AND |
| 27 |
|
-reactor meltdowns comes to four ~-~- one in Chernobyl and three in Fukushima. |
| 28 |
|
-Unprecedented nuclear disasters are coming – scientific studies prove that spent fuel fires are both likely and would have a much greater impact than Fukushima |
| 29 |
|
-Stone 16 (This card cites research done at Princeton using mathematical calculations and computer programs in order to gauge probability and magniture. Richard Stone has a degree in biophysics from UPenn and has written for National Geographic and Smithsonian, http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/05/spent-fuel-fire-us-soil-could-dwarf-impact-fukushima, “Spent Fuel Fire on U.S. Soil Could Dwarf Impact of Fukushima”, EmmieeM) |
| 30 |
|
-A fire from spent fuel stored at a U.S. nuclear power plant |
| 31 |
|
-AND |
| 32 |
|
-look” at the issue and report to NRC commissioners later this year. |
| 33 |
|
-Nuclear meltdown would cause widespread deaths, long-term diseases, and permanent ecological damage |
| 34 |
|
-Wasserman, 02 (Harvey, American journalist, author, democracy activist, and advocate for renewable energy, author of The Last Energy War and co-author of Killing Our Own: The Disaster of America's Experience with Atomic Radiation, Spring, Earth Island Journal, http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/eij/article/nuclear_power_and_terrorism/, “Nuclear Power and Terrorism” | ADM) |
| 35 |
|
-Had one of those hijacked jets hit one of the operating reactors at Indian Point |
| 36 |
|
-AND |
| 37 |
|
-Spiritually, psychologically, financially and ecologically, our nation would never recover. |
| 38 |
|
-Mining (4:05) |
| 39 |
|
-Global nuclear energy sector is expanding |
| 40 |
|
-Handley 13 (Meg: staff writer for US News; "Emerging Nations To Power Nuclear Energy Expansion Over Next Decade"; 3-25-2013; US News andamp; World Report; http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/03/25/emerging-nations-to-power-nuclear-energy-expansion-over-next-decade; DT) |
| 41 |
|
-Despite a slew of developed nations putting the brakes on nuclear programs in the wake |
| 42 |
|
-AND |
| 43 |
|
-be a mix of technology and nuclear is an important part of that." |
| 44 |
|
-Nuclear energy requires uranium mining – thorium is not a feasible alternative |
| 45 |
|
-National Nuclear Library 12 (Report made for the Department of Energy and Climate Change, National Nuclear Library – UK, “Comparison of Thorium and Uranium on a Global Scale”, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/65504/6300-comparison-fuel-cycles.pdf. pg 16, EmmieeM) |
| 46 |
|
-Thorium fuel cycle RandD has a long history dating back to the very |
| 47 |
|
-AND |
| 48 |
|
-that there is little appetite or belief in the safety or performance claims. |
| 49 |
|
- |
| 50 |
|
-Uranium mining leads to an increase in above-ground radiation, which causes biodiversity loss |
| 51 |
|
-Sullivan 13 (Sian Sullivan works for the Department of Geography, Environment, and Developmental Studies at the University of London, “After the Green Rush? Biodiversity Offsets, Uranium Power and the ‘Calculus of Causalities’ in Greening Growth, pg. 94, EmmieeM) |
| 52 |
|
-The circuit traced here, that seems likely to connect nuclear power production in Hinkley |
| 53 |
|
-AND |
| 54 |
|
-been amply demonstrated. How is it possible to offset such radioactive futures? |
| 55 |
|
- |
| 56 |
|
-Independently, radioactive dumping in the ocean destroys marine biodiversity |
| 57 |
|
-Alexeev 16 (Denis Alexeev and Valentina Galtsova are from the Department of Applied Ecology at the Russian State Hydrometeriological University, “Effect of Radioactive Pollution on the Biodiversity of Marine Benthic Ecosystems on the Russian Arctic Shelf”, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873965212000138, EmmieeM) |
| 58 |
|
-Radioactive pollution of marine ecosystems is one of the most dangerous anthropogenic impacts on the |
| 59 |
|
-AND |
| 60 |
|
-the macrobenthos may show greater accumulation of radionuclides in their cells and tissues. |
| 61 |
|
-Biodiversity loss is an impact filter – exacerbates existing crises and leads to extinction. |
| 62 |
|
-Torres 16 (Phil is a graduate of Cornell University with degrees in Entomology and Biology; "Biodiversity Loss: An Existential Risk Comparable to Climate Change"; 5-20-2016; FLI - Future of Life Institute; http://futureoflife.org/2016/05/20/biodiversity-loss/; DT) |
| 63 |
|
-Catastrophic consequences for civilization The consequences of this rapid pruning of the evolutionary tree of |
| 64 |
|
-AND |
| 65 |
|
-as one of the most significant contemporary risks to human prosperity and survival. |
| 66 |
|
-Terror (2:36) |
| 67 |
|
-Terrorist organizations have started targeting nuclear power plants for resources and attacks |
| 68 |
|
-Rubin 16 (Alissa J. Rubin is an American journalist who covers the Middle East for the New York Times. She has won the Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting. “Belgium Proves Nuclear Plants are Vulnerable”, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/world/europe/belgium-fears-nuclear-plants-are-vulnerable.html?_r=0, EmmieeM) |
| 69 |
|
-BRUSSELS — As a dragnet aimed at Islamic State operatives spiraled across Brussels and into |
| 70 |
|
-AND |
| 71 |
|
-the planning stages of some kind of operation at a Belgian nuclear facility. |
| 72 |
|
-Nuclear power plants are extremely vulnerable to terrorist attacks and break-ins |
| 73 |
|
-Holt and Andrews 14 |
| 74 |
|
-Mark Holt and Anthony Andrews Specialists in Energy Policy. Nuclear Power Plant Security and Vulnerabilities. Congressional Research Service. January 13, 2014. FZ. |
| 75 |
|
-To strengthen nuclear plant security inspections, EPACT05 required NRC to conduct “force- |
| 76 |
|
-AND |
| 77 |
|
-addressed some of those concerns and included a number of other security enhancements. |
| 78 |
|
-The results to a terror attack on a nuclear power plant is devastating |
| 79 |
|
-Caldicott 6 |
| 80 |
|
-Helen Caldicott bestselling author, Nobel Peace Prize nominee. Nuclear power is not the answer. The New Press. September 20, 2006. http://tria.fcampalans.cat/images/Nuclear20Power20is20not20the20answer20-20H.20Caldicott.pdf. FZ. |
| 81 |
|
-In this day and age, nuclear power plants are also obvious targets for terrorists |
| 82 |
|
-AND |
| 83 |
|
-nuclear weapons, a situation that will further destabilize an already unstable world. |
| 84 |
|
- |
| 85 |
|
-Independently, the impact to terrorists acquiring nuclear weapons is extinction |
| 86 |
|
-Volders 16 (Brecht Volders is a researcher in the Department of Politics at the Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium, and a PhD candidate. |
| 87 |
|
- Tow Sauer is Associate Professor in International Politics at the Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium, “Nuclear Terrorism – Countering the Threat”, https://books.google.com/books?hl=enandlr=andid=dVmpCwAAQBAJandoi=fndandpg=PP1anddq=nuclear+terrorismandots=6M4Kdlfm8Handsig=prlipwaAYy2hMbOl9cbznqSuHdg#v=onepageandq=nuclear20terrorismandf=false, pg. 3-4, EmmieeM) |
| 88 |
|
-While no major act of nuclear terrorism actually took place, these regularly occurring events |
| 89 |
|
-AND |
| 90 |
|
-endeavor – are clandestine organizations. Stealth and secrecy complicate valid threat assessments. |
| 91 |
|
-Solvency (1:31) |
| 92 |
|
-Banning nuclear power is key to get us away from unsustainable energy production and catastrophe – nuclear power plants self-destruct and construction emits too much CO2 |
| 93 |
|
-Covino 13 (K: independent journalist, BA in English, nuclear power researcher; "The Most Unsustainable Energy Source on Earth"; 6-11-2013; HubPages; http://hubpages.com/politics/Unsustainable-Nuclear; DT) |
| 94 |
|
-In our technologically developed society, concerns about electricity generation have become one of the |
| 95 |
|
-AND |
| 96 |
|
-help me save the world: call and write your government officials today. |
| 97 |
|
-No shift to coal – it’s phasing out and will be non-existent in the next two decades |
| 98 |
|
-Worldwatch 13 (The Worldwatch Institute works to accelerate the transition to a sustainable world that meets human needs; “Clean Energy Poised to Phase Out Coal and Avert Catastrophic Climate Change”; 2013; http://www.worldwatch.org/node/5948; DT) |
| 99 |
|
-Washington, D.C.- New technologies will permit rapid decarbonization of the world |
| 100 |
|
-AND |
| 101 |
|
-percent or more, with the investment paid for via lower energy bills. |
| 102 |
|
- |
| 103 |
|
-Clean coal tech is coming – even if there’s a shift to coal, no waste or emission problems |
| 104 |
|
-Makino 16 (Keiji Makino works for the Japan Coal Energy Center, “Clean Coal Technology and Sustainable Development”, https://books.google.com/books?hl=enandlr=andid=EavCDAAAQBAJandoi=fndandpg=PR6anddq=22clean+coal22+technologyandots=pLWspd0CYeandsig=0ikrw3zen1VOpa7955oU288xh9U#v=onepageandq=22clean20coal2220technologyandf=false, EmmieeM) |
| 105 |
|
-In recent world, demand for energy is increasing rapidly. In particular, power |
| 106 |
|
-AND |
| 107 |
|
-, advanced coal utilization technology that is involved JCOAL Road Map is explained. |
| 108 |
|
- |
| 109 |
|
-Nuclear power plants exacerbate warming and rejection is key to bolster the renewable industry |
| 110 |
|
-Mez 16 (Lutz Mez works for the Berlin Center for Caspian Region Studies at the University of Berlin, http://thebulletin.org/experts-nuclear-power-and-climate-change8996, EmmieeM) |
| 111 |
|
-In the coming decades, indirect carbon dioxide emissions from nuclear power plants will increase |
| 112 |
|
-AND |
| 113 |
|
-and socially compatible energy technologies and especially the use of smart energy services. |
| 114 |
|
-Focus on material impacts key – rejection without a viable alternative makes solution oriented thinking impossible |
| 115 |
|
-Samiei 10 , Faculty of World Studies - University of Tehran, 10 |
| 116 |
|
-(Neo-Orientalism? The relationship between the West and Islam in our globalised world, Third World Quarterly) |
| 117 |
|
- |
| 118 |
|
-The increasing human interdependence brought about by globalisation has made the cultivation of common human |
| 119 |
|
-AND |
| 120 |
|
-understand and respect other places, other problems and other ways of life. |
| 121 |
|
-Reject root cause logic - evaluating proximate causes is necessary to avoid over determination which is a flawed model of predictions |
| 122 |
|
-Sagan 2000 Scott D. Sagan – Political Science, Stanford –2000, ACCIDENTAL WAR IN THEORY AND PRACTICE – available via: www.sscnet.ucla.edu/polisci/faculty/trachtenberg/cv/sagan.doc |
| 123 |
|
- |
| 124 |
|
-To make reasonable judgements in such matters it is essential, in my view, |
| 125 |
|
-AND |
| 126 |
|
-that a nuclear war was neither inevitable nor overdetermined during the Cold War. |