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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,8 @@ 1 +The 1ACs assumption that US military power needs to be curbed because it is an entrenchment of US dominance over other countries assumes that others can’t handle the US’s nuclear energy reproduces inequality and re-entrenches state power. They only ban nuclear power for the US – assuming developing nations aren’t capable. Their Connory 2 evidence criticizes the US for being anglo centric and dominating – this is a link. 2 +Mathur ’16 ~-~- Department of Political Science and Geography, Univ of Texas (Ritu, Sly civility and the paradox of equality/inequality in the nuclear order: a post-colonial critique, Critical Studies on Security, Volume 4, 2016, Issue 1) 3 +The role of the ballot is to reject orientalism as a prejudiced and inaccurate view of the world. Their language is a first priority – stereotypes shape how we think 4 +Mathur ’16 ~-~- Department of Political Science and Geography, Univ of Texas (Ritu, Sly civility and the paradox of equality/inequality in the nuclear order: a post-colonial critique, Critical Studies on Security, Volume 4, 2016, Issue 1 5 +The alternative is to embrace an emancipatory post-colonial politics –must create a knowledge base that can foster cooperative attempts at meaningful political change. Brydon ‘06 6 +Diana Brydon, University of Western Ontario, ‘6 Postcolonial Test 2.1, “Is There a Politics of Postcoloniality?” http://journals.sfu.ca/pocol/index.php/pct/article/viewArticle/508/175 7 +Colonial racism is the biggest impact in the round – viewing others as subhuman, dangerous, and irrational is the root cause of many of society’s ills 8 +Mathur ’14 (Ritu, ‘The West and the Rest’: A Civilizational Mantra in Arms Control and Disarmament? Contemporary Security Policy, 35:3, 332-355) - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,15 @@ 1 +T – Countries 2 +Countries means multiple countries. 3 +Dictionary.com (“Country”; http://www.dictionary.com/browse/countries; DT) 4 +Stability is fragile – Popular discontent escalates 5 +Anincz 15 (Szymon, Sr Fellow Politics @ Osrodek Studiow Wschodnich, “The end of politics in Armenia”, http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/analyses/2015-03-11/end-politics-armenia) 6 +Shutting down Metsamor returns Armenia to the Dark Ages, jacking up electricity prices 7 +Sahakyan 16 (Armine, human rights activist based in Armenia, 4/27, “Armenia Continues to Gamble on Aging Nuclear Plant in a Quake-Prone Area”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/armine-sahakyan/armenia-continues-to-gamb_b_9788186.html) 8 +Hiking electricity prices leads to instability that draws in Russia 9 +Stratfor 15 (7/1, “How Armenia's Protests Could Threaten Stability”, https://www.stratfor.com/analysis/how-armenias-protests-could-threaten-stability) 10 +Domestic instability escalates 11 +Falkowski 6/29 (Maciej, Senior Fellow Department for the Turkey, Caucasus and Central Asia, Osrodek Studiow Wschodnich, “From apathy to nationalist mobilisation: politics makes a comeback in Armenia”, http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/osw-commentary/2016-06-29/apathy-to-nationalist-mobilisation-politics-makes-a-comeback) 12 +Causes a full-blown Caucasus conflict 13 +Falkowski 6/29 (Maciej, Senior Fellow Department for the Turkey, Caucasus and Central Asia, Osrodek Studiow Wschodnich, “From apathy to nationalist mobilisation: politics makes a comeback in Armenia”, http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/osw-commentary/2016-06-29/apathy-to-nationalist-mobilisation-politics-makes-a-comeback) 14 +Caucasus energy conflicts go nuclear 15 +Wagner 2k (Thomas, Monterey, Naval Postgraduate School, “Potential Russian nuclear contingencies in the Caucasus: implications for NATO”, http://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstream/handle/10945/9212/00Dec_Ordona.pdf?sequence=1) - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,15 @@ 1 +Because states are legal fictions created for a scheme of social cooperation, obligations of states must derive from the people’s condition in the state of nature and the conditions that allow for the authority of the state. Pre-government people have an innate right to independence. 2 +First, all moral obligations must derive from reason, since it is necessarily an authoritative basis for action. 3 +Velleman 6 David. Self To Self. Cambridge University Press. 2006. Pg 18-19 4 +a) It would require government confiscation of power plants funded by private companies, which compose almost all of Belgiums reactors – violates ownership rights. 5 +World Nuclear 16 (“Nuclear Power in Belgium” March 2016, http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/belgium.aspx. | SP) 6 +No offense – relations don’t solve anything that both nations can’t solve alone 7 +Daalder 3 (Ivo H., Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy Studies – Brookings Institution, Survival, 45(2), Summer, p. 147) 8 +The EU is committed to a relationship with China – bolstering US-EU ties negates that relationship and forces the EU away from China 9 +Cabestan 6 – Jean-Pierre, French Expert on China, Director of Research @ National Centre for Scientific Research, 2006 (“ EUROPEAN UNION-CHINA RELATIONS AND THE UNITED STATES,” Asian Perspectives, Vol 30, No 4, http://www.asianperspective.org/articles/v30n4-b.pdf) 10 +The EU has to choose between China and the US – tightening the transatlantic alliance forces Europe to repudiate Chinese support. 11 +Partners and Rivals: The EU and China, Hannes Hanso , http://www.icds.ee/fileadmin/failid/Hannes_Hanso_-_Partners_and_Rivals_-_The_EU_and_China.pdf.pdf 12 +Close EU-Chinese ties guarantee a cooperative global order – that solves global challenges and averts extinction 13 +Grant 8 Charles Grant, Director of the Centre for European Reform, 2008 (“Europe Must Build a Strategic Alliance with China,” June 9, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/66374b00-35bc-11dd-998d-0000779fd2ac.html#axzz1Sw4KI8TI) 14 +Failure to complete the transition to multilateralism places human survival at risk 15 +Masciulli 11—Professor of Political Science @ St Thomas University Joseph Masciulli, “The Governance Challenge for Global Political and Technoscientific Leaders in an Era of Globalization and Globalizing Technologies,” Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society February 2011 vol. 31 no. 1 pg. 3-5 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,31 @@ 1 +DB Elections 2 +Dems will win the Senate; Comey makes it close (win IL, WI, PA, and MO) 3 + 4 +Taylor 11/1 (Jessica, staff @ NPR, "Control of the Senate: Democrats have many paths to a majority", https://www.mprnews.org/story/2016/11/02/npr-democrats-path-senate-majority)** 5 +A week away from Election Day, Democrats still have multiple paths to winning back 6 +AND 7 +almost everything to go right for them in order for that to happen. 8 +Repeal of qualified immunity creates fears of violent crime and a chilling effect on law enforcement – FBI specifically opposes 9 + 10 +Wright 15 (Sam, public interest lawyer, "Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity", http://abovethelaw.com/2015/11/want-to-fight-police-misconduct-reform-qualified-immunity/)** 11 +Before getting into what Campaign Zero is proposing and why their proposal ought to include 12 +AND 13 +them from holding those officers accountable is not democracy. It is fascism." 14 +That's a winning issue for Trump 15 + 16 +Zeitz 16 (Josh, 7/18, politics and history @ Cambridge, "How Trump Is Recycling Nixon's 'Law and Order' Playbook", www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/07/donald-trump-law-and-order-richard-nixon-crime-race-214066~#ixzz4P0p4CFd3) 17 +Today, the law and order rhetoric is back. The crime interestingly, is 18 +AND 19 +that doesn't exist. But Donald Trump is just that sort of salesman. 20 +And, Senate control key to CTBT – That stops prolif 21 + 22 +Hastings 16 (Sam, 8/19, staff @ Joplin Independent, "Easy solution for ridding gridlock", http://www.joplinindependent.com/ display_article.php/hastings1471634838) 23 +The US Senate is up for grabs. Republicans hold 54 seats but 34 senate 24 +AND 25 +where their peer competitors started testing nukes too. Then, the boom. 26 +Norm erosion coming; causes escalatory nuclear use – Only CTBT solves 27 + 28 +Robinson 9/1 (Kathy, Senior Public Policy Director for the WAND Education Fund, a national nonprofit that educates public and opinion leaders about the need to reduce violence and militarism, "Senate should support efforts against nuclear tests", http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/foreign-policy/294087-senate-should-support-efforts-to-against-nuclear-tests)** 29 +In this geopolitical environment, we cannot afford to be unclear about the global norm 30 +AND 31 +when thinking of a particular example, like India and Pakistan for instance. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,37 @@ 1 +Legalism K 2 +The legal system is fundamentally flawed—the law is seen as necessary and perfect, but allows for oppression and suffering. Shortcomings of laws cannot be solved with minor adjustments—they grant legitimacy to a flawed system. Gordon '87: 3 + 4 +Robert W. Gordon, Professor of Law at Stanford University. "Unfreezing Legal Reality: Critical Approaches to Law", Florida State University Law Review (15 Fla. St. U.L. Rev. 195), 1987. 5 +Now a central tenet of CLS work has been that the ordinary discourses of law 6 +AND 7 +taking collective action against evil without suffering the greater evil of despotic power. 8 +The history of qualified immunity court decisions shows how each attempt to create more sound civil rights litigation procedures ends up inadvertently expanding protection for police officers. Layering temporalities, creating legal time frames, and replacing bright line rules with balancing tests prove how every single immunity reform just creates larger legal indeterminacy. The affirmative simply adds onto that indeterminacy turning case. Feldman '15 9 + 10 +Police Violence and the Legal Temporalities of Immunity Leonard Feldman Hunter College, CUNY. 2015 11 +My argument in this section is that the Supreme Court has created a legal grey 12 +AND 13 +determination of "qualified immunity," which I discuss in the next section. 14 +The Aff's appeal to civil liberties is a façade that only furthers the state's biopolitical control over the population—destroys rights and turns case. Anders '13 15 + 16 +Anders 13, Abram Anders is an Assistant Professor, University of Minnesota Duluth, nearest date given is 2013, "Foucault and "the Right to Life": From Technologies of Normalization to Societies of Control," http://dsq-sds.org/article/view/3340/3268**, NN 17 +The essential and unavoidable problem with rights discourse is that it appeals to a liberal 18 +AND 19 +functional impairment as an essential pre-condition for legal findings about disability." 20 +Legal reforms hurt social justice– starting from the perspective of legal solutions forecloses the political imaginary and hampers radical solutions—turns the aff Kandaswamy '12 21 + 22 +Kandaswamy 12 (Priya Kandaswamy; Associate Professor Women's, Gender and Sexuality Studies; "THE OBLIGATIONS OF FREEDOM AND THE LIMITS OF LEGAL EQUALITY" SOUTHWESTERN LAW REVIEW Vol. 41, pg 265, 1/21/2012) 23 +Despite a vast array of critiques that have elucidated the ways in which the U 24 +AND 25 +could look like and locate legal interventions in relation to this broader vision. 26 +The alternative is a counter-reading of the harms of the 1AC. We REFUSE their faith in policy stories. Legalism underpins the violence of empire and creates the conditions of possibility for liberal violence. Dossa '99 27 + 28 +Dossa '99 Shiraz, Department of Political Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, "Liberal Legalism: Law, Culture and Identity," The European Legacy, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 73-87,1 29 +No discipline in the rationalized arsenal of modernity is as rational, impartial, objective 30 +AND 31 +liberal law but the juridically and humanly inferior Other, the perpetual foreigner. 32 +We ought to prioritize movements for deconstructive resistance over blind faith in legal studies. Only the alt can effectively contest domestic cultures of violence. Hirst '15 33 + 34 +Hirst '15 (Aggie ~She~, Lecturer in International Politics @ City University London, "Derrida and Political Resistance: The Radical Potential of Deconstruction" Globalizations, Vol. 12.1) 35 +There are many manifestations of the practical consequences of deconstructive resistance across a range of 36 +AND 37 +commitments, dealing with difference in terms and contexts other than the familiar. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,43 @@ 1 +State cuts have led tuition to spike harming the ability to students to enter college, especially those who come from low income backgrounds or are people of color – The impact is a blow to the national economy because a college degree is a crucial internal link to working in a skilled job, decreasing health care costs, and bringing greater wealth to local communities 2 + 3 +Mitchell et al 16 (Report published by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities; authors were Michael Mitchell (State Budget and Tax), Michael Leachman (State Budget and Tax), and Kathleen Masterson, "Funding Down, Tuition Up: State Cuts to Higher Education Threaten Quality and Affordability at Public Colleges", http://www.cbpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/funding-down-tuition-up, EmmieeM) 4 +Years of cuts in state funding for public colleges and universities have driven up tuition 5 +AND 6 +the start of the recession will make it more difficult to achieve those goals 7 +The only thing keeping graduation rates stable is financial aid —- allows students to study full-time, encourages academic progress, and is the only way low-income students can afford to enroll 8 + 9 +Johnson 14 (Hans Johnson – supported by the College Access Foundation of California and writing for the Public Policy Institute of California, "Making College Possible for Low-Income Students: Grant and Scholarship Aid in California", http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/report/R'1014HJR.pdf, pg. 20-24, EmmieeM) 10 +Students fail to complete college for many reasons, including financial constraints. Certainly it 11 +AND 12 +earn a degree if they first enroll at a four-year college. 13 +There’s a contradiction within government policy —- restricting free speech may be unconstitutional, but not doing so causes public colleges to lose federal funding under Title IX 14 + 15 +Bernstein 3 (David E. Bernstein – George Mason University Foundation Professor of Law with a focus on constitutional history, "You Can’t Say That: The Growing Threat to Civil Liberties From Antidiscrimination Laws", "Censoring Campus Speech", https://books.google.com/books?id=zU2QAAAAQBAJandpg=PA60andlpg=PA60anddq=public+colleges+could+lose+funding+if+they+allow+for+racistsandsource=blandots=W67N5E3bznandsig=xXeBW8YaTy'Ilb34MIbu-grciy4andhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwiBoqTkn'nQAhVBjFQKHcc7CIkQ6AEITDAI~~#v=onepageandq=public20colleges20could20lose20funding20if20they20allow20for20racistsandf=false, pg. 60-61, EmmieeM) 16 +Given these constitutional barriers, public university speech codes were on the way out until 17 +AND 18 +Amendment, then so can they. Unfortunately, they may be right. 19 +Federal funding is used to maintain financial aid resources and colleges are only growing more dependent on it as state funding goes down 20 + 21 +Pew 15 (The Pew Charitable Trusts – compiles evidence and non-partisan analysis to inform the public and create better public policy, "Federal and State Funding of Higher Education: A Changing Landscape", http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2015/06/federal-and-state-funding-of-higher-education, EmmieeM) 22 +States and the federal government have long provided substantial funding for higher education, but 23 +AND 24 +, while state funds primarily pay for the general operations of public institutions. 25 +The impact is massive – combatting the structural barriers that prevent individuals from attending college is the main internal link to competitiveness 26 + 27 +U.S. Department of Commerce 12 (Prepared by the U.S. Department of Commerce with consultation from the National Economic Council, "The Competitiveness and Innovative Capacity in the United States", http://www.esa.doc.gov/sites/default/files/thecompetitivenessandinnovativecapacityoftheunitedstates.pdf, pgs. 2-10, EmmieeM) 28 +Education is a key element for promoting economic growth and increasing the innovative capacity of 29 +AND 30 +schools in 2011–2012 was lower than in 2007–2008.21 31 +Competitiveness is key to US dominance – we need to keep innovating faster to ensure economic prosperity and hegemony 32 + 33 +Segal 04 – Senior Fellow in China Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations 34 +~Adam, Foreign Affairs, "Is America Losing Its Edge?" November / December 2004, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20041101facomment83601/adam-segal/is-america-losing-its-edge.html~~ 35 +The United States' global primacy depends in large part on its ability to develop new 36 +AND 37 +, the United States must get better at fostering technological entrepreneurship at home. 38 +Loss of competitiveness results in great power conflict—retrenchment makes war inevitable and ensures the US would be dragged in – that causes your heg bad impacts so it’s try or die for the AFF 39 + 40 +Khalilzad 11 — Zalmay Khalilzad, Counselor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, served as the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush, served as the director of policy planning at the Defense Department during the Presidency of George H.W. Bush, holds a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, 2011 ("The Economy and National Security," National Review, February 8th, Available Online at http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/print/259024, Accessed 02-08-2011) 41 +Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat to 42 +AND 43 +leading the world toward a new, dangerous era of multi-polarity. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,43 @@ 1 +State cuts have led tuition to spike harming the ability to students to enter college, especially those who come from low income backgrounds or are people of color – The impact is a blow to the national economy because a college degree is a crucial internal link to working in a skilled job, decreasing health care costs, and bringing greater wealth to local communities 2 + 3 +Mitchell et al 16 (Report published by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities; authors were Michael Mitchell (State Budget and Tax), Michael Leachman (State Budget and Tax), and Kathleen Masterson, "Funding Down, Tuition Up: State Cuts to Higher Education Threaten Quality and Affordability at Public Colleges", http://www.cbpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/funding-down-tuition-up, EmmieeM) 4 +Years of cuts in state funding for public colleges and universities have driven up tuition 5 +AND 6 +the start of the recession will make it more difficult to achieve those goals 7 +The only thing keeping graduation rates stable is financial aid —- allows students to study full-time, encourages academic progress, and is the only way low-income students can afford to enroll 8 + 9 +Johnson 14 (Hans Johnson – supported by the College Access Foundation of California and writing for the Public Policy Institute of California, "Making College Possible for Low-Income Students: Grant and Scholarship Aid in California", http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/report/R'1014HJR.pdf, pg. 20-24, EmmieeM) 10 +Students fail to complete college for many reasons, including financial constraints. Certainly it 11 +AND 12 +earn a degree if they first enroll at a four-year college. 13 +There’s a contradiction within government policy —- restricting free speech may be unconstitutional, but not doing so causes public colleges to lose federal funding under Title IX 14 + 15 +Bernstein 3 (David E. Bernstein – George Mason University Foundation Professor of Law with a focus on constitutional history, "You Can’t Say That: The Growing Threat to Civil Liberties From Antidiscrimination Laws", "Censoring Campus Speech", https://books.google.com/books?id=zU2QAAAAQBAJandpg=PA60andlpg=PA60anddq=public+colleges+could+lose+funding+if+they+allow+for+racistsandsource=blandots=W67N5E3bznandsig=xXeBW8YaTy'Ilb34MIbu-grciy4andhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwiBoqTkn'nQAhVBjFQKHcc7CIkQ6AEITDAI~~#v=onepageandq=public20colleges20could20lose20funding20if20they20allow20for20racistsandf=false, pg. 60-61, EmmieeM) 16 +Given these constitutional barriers, public university speech codes were on the way out until 17 +AND 18 +Amendment, then so can they. Unfortunately, they may be right. 19 +Federal funding is used to maintain financial aid resources and colleges are only growing more dependent on it as state funding goes down 20 + 21 +Pew 15 (The Pew Charitable Trusts – compiles evidence and non-partisan analysis to inform the public and create better public policy, "Federal and State Funding of Higher Education: A Changing Landscape", http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2015/06/federal-and-state-funding-of-higher-education, EmmieeM) 22 +States and the federal government have long provided substantial funding for higher education, but 23 +AND 24 +, while state funds primarily pay for the general operations of public institutions. 25 +The impact is massive – combatting the structural barriers that prevent individuals from attending college is the main internal link to competitiveness 26 + 27 +U.S. Department of Commerce 12 (Prepared by the U.S. Department of Commerce with consultation from the National Economic Council, "The Competitiveness and Innovative Capacity in the United States", http://www.esa.doc.gov/sites/default/files/thecompetitivenessandinnovativecapacityoftheunitedstates.pdf, pgs. 2-10, EmmieeM) 28 +Education is a key element for promoting economic growth and increasing the innovative capacity of 29 +AND 30 +schools in 2011–2012 was lower than in 2007–2008.21 31 +Competitiveness is key to US dominance – we need to keep innovating faster to ensure economic prosperity and hegemony 32 + 33 +Segal 04 – Senior Fellow in China Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations 34 +Adam, Foreign Affairs, "Is America Losing Its Edge?" November / December 2004, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20041101facomment83601/adam-segal/is-america-losing-its-edge.html~~ 35 +The United States' global primacy depends in large part on its ability to develop new 36 +AND 37 +, the United States must get better at fostering technological entrepreneurship at home. 38 +Loss of competitiveness results in great power conflict—retrenchment makes war inevitable and ensures the US would be dragged in – that causes your heg bad impacts so it’s try or die for the AFF 39 + 40 +Khalilzad 11 — Zalmay Khalilzad, Counselor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, served as the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush, served as the director of policy planning at the Defense Department during the Presidency of George H.W. Bush, holds a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, 2011 ("The Economy and National Security," National Review, February 8th, Available Online at http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/print/259024, Accessed 02-08-2011) 41 +Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat to 42 +AND 43 +leading the world toward a new, dangerous era of multi-polarity. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,36 @@ 1 +Recognizing that the epistemology of capitalism manipulates our understanding of policy is a pre-condition to evaluating the resolution through moral fameworks. Marsh 95, 2 + 3 +Marsh 95- Professor of Philosophy at Fordham University, PhD from Northwestern University (James, Critique Action and Liberation, p 331-2) 4 +Is it reasonable, therefore, even to talk about the possibility of a socialism 5 +AND 6 +move on. Recent events in eastern Europe only confirm such a judgment. 7 +Neoliberalism structures academic freedom in the status quo. It sets limits on what is acceptable behavior to quell dissent and any facult truly radical enough to challenge corporate hegemony are tossed out before they can pose a real threat. Chatterjee and Maira 14 8 + 9 +Chatterjee, Piya, and Sunaina Maira. "The Imperial University: race, war, and the nation-state." The imperial university: Academic repression and scholarly dissent (2014): 1-50. 10 +Our geopolitical positions—of our immediate workplaces as well as trans- national work 11 +AND 12 +of labor and survival within the U.S. university system.11 13 +Free speech is an illusion propagated by corporatists – their model of rights assumes an equal playing field analogous to free market economists view of capital. The promotion of free speech perpetuates the idea that speech is a commodity, which strengthens neoliberalism's hold on the academy. Brown 15 14 + 15 +Brown, Wendy. Undoing the demos: Neoliberalism's stealth revolution. MIT Press, 2015. 16 +At times, kennedy raises the pitch in Citizens United to depict limits on corporate 17 +AND 18 +warring forces parallel to those of government and capital in a neoliberal economy. 19 +This turns the case – the commodification of speech reflects the capitalist illusion of freedom. It makes speech meaningless and kills value to life. Smith '14 20 + 21 +R.C. Smith April 24, 2014 "POWER, CAPITAL and THE RISE OF THE MASS SURVEILLANCE STATE: ON THE ABSENCE OF DEMOCRACY, ETHICS, DISENCHANTMENT and CRITICAL THEORY" Heathwood Institute and Press http://www.heathwoodpress.com/power-capital-the-rise-of-the-mass-surveillance-state-on-the-absence-of-democracy-ethics-disenchantment-critical-theory/ JJN from file 22 +One pressing issue, moreover, is that majority of the popular movements that have 23 +AND 24 +which produces and reproduces the epistemic context of its own validity.~13~ 25 +The ballot represents a choice between competing visions of social change – elevating the aff above the individual endorsement of the aff debater is false. The debate round represents competing strategies for social change: the question is not who does the alt or plan, but of a world without capitalism vs. the affirmative. Agency questions are irrelevant—we don't have to win the alternative spills over, just that rejection in this round is comparatively better than the aff—any other evaluation makes no sense because the judge isn't in a position to do the aff either. Critiquing assumptions is the best way to leverage change. 26 + 27 +Reinsborough, 03 (Organizer, Rainforest Action Network and Wake Up America Campaign) 03 (Journal of Aesthetics and Protest, August 2003, Volume 1, Issue 2, Patrick). 28 +Direct action— actions that either symbolically or directly shift power relations— is an 29 +AND 30 +find the rumors that start revolutions and ask the questions that topple empires. 31 +Our critique independently outweighs the case - neoliberalism causes extinction and massive social inequalities – the affs single issue legalistic solution is the exact kind of politics neolib wants us to engage in so the root cause to go unquestioned. Farbod 15 32 + 33 + ( Faramarz Farbod , PhD Candidate @ Rutgers, Prof @ Moravian College, Monthly Review, http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2015/farbod020615.html, 6-2) 34 +Global capitalism is the 800-pound gorilla. The twin ecological and economic crises 35 +AND 36 +enhancing natural and social systems will soon reach a point of no return. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,25 @@ 1 +1NC Shell 2 +The claim that free speech leads to democratic debate and social progress is a neoliberal myth – the AFF's faith in the free exchange of ideas displaces a focus on direct action and re-entrenches multiple forms of oppression. Instead, the alternative is to reject the AFF's neoliberal framing of speech and direct pedagogy to focus on direct action against oppression. 3 + 4 +Tillett-Saks 13 Andrew Tillett-Saks (Labor organizer and critical activist author for Truth-Out and Counterpunch), Neoliberal Myths, Counterpunch, 11/7/13, http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/11/07/neoliberal-myths/ LADI 5 +In the wake of the Brown University shout-down of Ray Kelly, champion 6 +AND 7 +greater freedom. To the contrary, direct action has always proved necessary. 8 +The AFF's notion of the marketplace of ideas is neoliberal rhetoric designed to strengthen corporate power. 9 + 10 +Whatler 13 Stuart Whatley, Speak for Yourself: A Meditation on the Marketplace of Ideas, Los Angeles Review of Books, 10/4/13, https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/speak-for-yourself-a-meditation-on-the-marketplace-of-ideas/~~#! LADI 11 +The very notion of a "marketplace of ideas" tracks exactly with neoliberalism's rising 12 +AND 13 +~its~ great talents vigorously to the preservation of the system itself." 14 +We have reached a tipping point – neoliberalism is no longer able to control its spiral into disaster. Massive structural violence and extinction are inevitable without a fundamental rethinking of the current system. 15 + 16 +Farbod 15 ( Faramarz Farbod , PhD Candidate @ Rutgers, Prof @ Moravian College, Monthly Review, http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2015/farbod020615.html, 6-2) LADI 17 +Global capitalism is the 800-pound gorilla. The twin ecological and economic crises 18 +AND 19 +enhancing natural and social systems will soon reach a point of no return. 20 +A radical pedagogical stance is key – anti-capitalist movements can be effective, but critical consciousness is a necessary prerequisite. 21 + 22 +Peter Mclaren 4, Education and Urban Schooling Division prof, UCLA—and Valerie Scatamburlo-D'Annibale; University of Windsor, Educational Philosophy and Theory, Vol. 36, No. 2, 2004, www.freireproject.org/articles/node2065/RCGS/class_dismissed-val-peter.10.pdf. LADI 23 +These are the concrete realities of our time—realities that require a vigorous class 24 +AND 25 +memories. Its potential remains untapped and its promise needs to be redeemed. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,20 @@ 1 +Current protections against hate speech are working – on campus harassment is decreasing nationally now. 2 +Sutton 16 Halley Sutton, Report shows crime on campus down across the country, Campus Security Report 13.4 (2016), 9/9/16,http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/casr.30185/full LADI 3 +A recent report released by the National Center for Education Statistics found an overall decrease 4 +AND 5 +lower than in 2001 for every category except forcible sex offenses and murder. 6 +Removing restrictions on free speech allows hate speech – hate speech IS free speech 7 +Volokh 15 Eugene Volokh,No, There’s No “hate Speech” Exception to the First Amendment, The Washington Post, 5/7/15, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/05/07/no-theres-no-hate-speech-exception-to-the-first-amendment/?utm_term=.05cfdd01dea4 LADI 8 +I keep hearing about a supposed “hate speech” exception to the First Amendment 9 +AND 10 +with any established definition of “hate speech” that I know of.) 11 +Hate speech leads to a genocidal increase in crimes against marginalized groups. 12 +Greenblatt 15 Jonathan Greenblatt, When Hateful Speech Leads to Hate Crimes: Taking Bigotry Out of the Immigration Debate, Huffington Post, 8/21/15, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathan-greenblatt/when-hateful-speech-leads_b_8022966.html LADI 13 +When police arrived at the scene in Boston, they found a Latino man shaking 14 +AND 15 +are working with a broad coalition of partners to get the ball rolling. 16 +Empirically supported that hate speech desensitizes society to atrocities, justifying hate crimes and further acts of discrimination 17 +Tsesis 2000 (Tsesis, Alexander. "The Empirical Shortcomings Of First Amendment Jurisprudence: An Historical Perspective On The Power." 40 SANTA CLARA L. REV. 729. 2000. Web. December 07, 2016. http://lawecommons.luc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1309andcontext=facpubs.) 18 +The proliferation of hate material over the Internet is only partially responsible for recent hate 19 +AND 20 +lawless actions, but under current First Amendment jurisprudence its transmission was not punishable - EntryDate
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