Changes for page Harker Shah Aff

Last modified by Administrator on 2017/08/29 03:35

From version < 53.1 >
edited by Sachin Shah
on 2017/02/17 23:09
To version < 101.1
edited by Administrator
on 2017/08/29 03:35
<
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

Summary

Details

Page properties
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -XWiki.20sachins@studentsharkerorg
1 +xwiki:XWiki.Admin
Caselist.CitesClass[0]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,38 +1,0 @@
1 -The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing as contextualized by impacts on case.
2 -The constitutive obligation of the state is to protect citizen interest—individual obligations are not applicable in the public sphere. Goodin 95
3 -Robert E. Goodin. Philosopher of Political Theory, Public Policy, and Applied Ethics. Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 1995. p. 26-7
4 -Util is axiomatically true - all value stems from experienced wellbeing. Harris 10
5 -Sam Harris 2010. CEO Project Reason; PHD UCLA Neuroscience; BA Stanford Philosophy. The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values.”
6 -Moral uncertainty means we default to preventing extinction under any ethical framework
7 -BOSTROM 11
8 -(2011) Nick Bostrom, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford Martin School and Faculty of Philosophy
9 -The Nuclear Energy Sector is currently Expanding
10 -Handley 13 (Meg: staff writer for US News; "Emerging Nations To Power Nuclear Energy Expansion Over Next Decade"; 3-25-2013; US News andamp; World Report; http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/03/25/emerging-nations-to-power-nuclear-energy-expansion-over-next-decade; DT)
11 -Nuclear energy requires uranium mining – thorium is not a feasible alternative
12 -National Nuclear Library 12 (Report made for the Department of Energy and Climate Change, National Nuclear Library – UK, “Comparison of Thorium and Uranium on a Global Scale”, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/65504/6300-comparison-fuel-cycles.pdf. pg 16, EmmieeM)
13 -Uranium mining leads to an increase in above-ground radiation, which causes biodiversity loss
14 -Sullivan 13 (Sian Sullivan works for the Department of Geography, Environment, and Developmental Studies at the University of London, “After the Green Rush? Biodiversity Offsets, Uranium Power and the ‘Calculus of Causalities’ in Greening Growth, pg. 94, EmmieeM)
15 -Independently, radioactive dumping in the ocean destroys marine biodiversity
16 -Alexeev 16 (Denis Alexeev and Valentina Galtsova are from the Department of Applied Ecology at the Russian State Hydrometeriological University, “Effect of Radioactive Pollution on the Biodiversity of Marine Benthic Ecosystems on the Russian Arctic Shelf”, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873965212000138, EmmieeM)
17 -Biodiversity loss is an impact filter – exacerbates existing crises and leads to extinction.
18 -Torres 16 (Phil is a graduate of Cornell University with degrees in Entomology and Biology; "Biodiversity Loss: An Existential Risk Comparable to Climate Change"; 5-20-2016; FLI - Future of Life Institute; http://futureoflife.org/2016/05/20/biodiversity-loss/; DT)
19 -Nuclear meltdown is going to happen within the next decade
20 -Gesellschaft 12 (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft: research society in Germany; "Severe nuclear reactor accidents likely every 10 to 20 years, European study suggests."; ScienceDaily; 22 May 2012; www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120522134942.htm; DT)
21 -Unprecedented nuclear disasters are coming – scientific studies prove that spent fuel fires are both likely and would have a much greater impact than Fukushima
22 -Stone 16 (This card cites research done at Princeton using mathematical calculations and computer programs in order to gauge probability and magniture. Richard Stone has a degree in biophysics from UPenn and has written for National Geographic and Smithsonian, http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/05/spent-fuel-fire-us-soil-could-dwarf-impact-fukushima, “Spent Fuel Fire on U.S. Soil Could Dwarf Impact of Fukushima”, EmmieeM)
23 -Nuclear meltdown would cause widespread deaths, long-term diseases, and permanent ecological damage
24 -Wasserman, 02 (Harvey, American journalist, author, democracy activist, and advocate for renewable energy, author of The Last Energy War and co-author of Killing Our Own: The Disaster of America's Experience with Atomic Radiation, Spring, Earth Island Journal, http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/eij/article/nuclear_power_and_terrorism/, “Nuclear Power and Terrorism” | ADM)
25 -A nuclear accident costs hundreds of billions of dollars for taxpayers
26 -Hargreaves 11
27 -(Steve Hargreaves, March 25 2011, Steve Hargreaves is co-director of the Energy Transition desk, which demonstrates the feasibility of shifting from fossil fuels to renewable energy through data, storytelling and building partnerships. Prior to joining Climate Nexus in 2015, he spent 11 years as a writer for CNNMoney, first as an energy reporter and later on the site’s economy desk and special projects team. While there, he won an enterprise award from the Society of American Business Editors and Writers for a series on the military’s efforts to reduce oil consumption, served as a panelist at a debate hosted by now Secretary of Energy Ernest Moniz, and did on-air appearances as CNN's energy expert. Coverage highlights included reporting from an oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico during the BP spill, covering the 20th World Petroleum Congress from Doha, Qatar, and spending several weeks in Detroit documenting efforts to revitalize that city. Before joining CNNMoney he spent two years writing from Bangkok and Istanbul, and was published in the Village Voice and the Australian Financial Review. He started his career at Casco Bay Weekly, an alternative newspaper in Portland, Maine, and later worked as a beat reporter at the Times Record, a small daily newspaper in neighboring Brunswick. He holds a bachelor’s degree in Environmental Studies and Sociology from St. Lawrence University., http://money.cnn.com/2011/03/25/news/economy/nuclear_accident_costs/, CNN Money, 8/8/16)
28 -Terrorist organizations have started targeting nuclear power plants for resources and attacks
29 -Rubin 16 (Alissa J. Rubin is an American journalist who covers the Middle East for the New York Times. She has won the Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting. “Belgium Proves Nuclear Plants are Vulnerable”, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/world/europe/belgium-fears-nuclear-plants-are-vulnerable.html?_r=0, EmmieeM)
30 -Nuclear power plants are extremely vulnerable to terrorist attacks and break-ins
31 -Holt and Andrews 14
32 -Mark Holt and Anthony Andrews Specialists in Energy Policy. Nuclear Power Plant Security and Vulnerabilities. Congressional Research Service. January 13, 2014. FZ.
33 -The results to a terror attack on a nuclear power plant is devastating
34 -Caldicott 6
35 -Helen Caldicott bestselling author, Nobel Peace Prize nominee. Nuclear power is not the answer. The New Press. September 20, 2006. http:tria.fcampalans.cat/images/Nuclear20Power20is20not20the20answer20-20H.20Caldicott.pdf. FZ.
36 -Independently, the impact to terrorists acquiring nuclear weapons is several deaths
37 -Volders 16 (Brecht Volders is a researcher in the Department of Politics at the Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium, and a PhD candidate.
38 - Tow Sauer is Associate Professor in International Politics at the Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium, “Nuclear Terrorism – Countering the Threat”, https://books.google.com/books?hl=enandlr=andid=dVmpCwAAQBAJandoi=fndandpg=PP1anddq=nuclear+terrorismandots=6M4Kdlfm8Handsig=prlipwaAYy2hMbOl9cbznqSuHdg#v=onepageandq=nuclear20terrorismandf=false, pg. 3-4, EmmieeM)
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2016-09-17 20:06:28.0
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Mountain View PF
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -0
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Harker Shah Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Lay Aff
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Sixth Annual Robert Garcia Invitational
Caselist.CitesClass[6]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,103 +1,0 @@
1 -1AC
2 -I affirm the resolution. Resolved: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech.
3 -To clarify, the First Amendment doesn’t permit meaningless obscenity, child pornography, expressions that in and of itself causes injury, and remarks intended to cause violence
4 -
5 -Ruane 14 (Kathleen Anne Ruane – Legislative Attorney. Her report was published by the Congressional Research Service, which is a branch of government, "Freedom of Speech and Press: Exceptions to the First Amendment", https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/95-815.pdf,pgs. 1-5, EmmieeM)
6 -The First Amendment to the united States Constitution provides that "Congress shall make no
7 -AND
8 -constitutes a "true threat," and not against mere "political hyperbole."
9 -The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing as contextualized by impacts on case
10 -The constitutive obligation of the state is to protect citizen interest—individual obligations are not applicable in the public sphere. Goodin 95
11 -
12 -Robert E. Goodin. Philosopher of Political Theory, Public Policy, and Applied Ethics. Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 1995. p. 26-7
13 -The great adventure of utilitarianism as a guide to public conduct is that it avoids
14 -AND
15 -thus understood is, I would argue, a uniquely defensible public philosophy.
16 -Util is axiomatically true - all value stems from experienced wellbeing. Harris 10
17 -
18 -Sam Harris 2010. CEO Project Reason; PHD UCLA Neuroscience; BA Stanford Philosophy. The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values."
19 -I believe that we will increasingly understand good and evil, right and wrong,
20 -AND
21 -, therefore, consequences and conscious states remain the foundation of all values.
22 -Moral uncertainty means we default to preventing extinction under any ethical framework
23 -
24 -BOSTROM 11
25 -(2011) Nick Bostrom, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford Martin School and Faculty of Philosophy
26 -These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest~~~s~~~ an alternative, complementary way of
27 -AND
28 -value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe.
29 -Death is the worst form of evil since it destroys the subject itself.
30 -
31 -Paterson 03 – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island (Craig, "A Life Not Worth Living?", Studies in Christian Ethics.
32 -Contrary to those accounts, I would argue that it is death per se that
33 -AND
34 -the person, the very source and condition of all human possibility.82
35 -Innovation 4:34
36 -Restrictions on free speech are rapidly increasing, destroying the educational environment
37 -
38 -Slater 16 (Tom Slator – editor of this book (it’s a collection of essays from many different people). He also wrote the introduction from which this was cut. Deputy Editor of Spiked, runs Free Speech University Ratings, and has written for The Times/The Telegraph/Independent, "Unsafe Space: The Crisis of Free Speech on Campus", pgs. 2 - 3, https://books.google.com/books?hl=enandlr=andid=vdP7CwAAQBAJandoi=fndandpg=PP1anddq=college+speech+restrictions+risingandots=YBNOvRNy1Tandsig=BmpSFkTJts9QsI1YcDAjxmB6dpQ~~~~~~#v=onepageandq=college20speech20restrictions20risingandf=false, EmmieeM)
39 -Over the past few years, campus censorship has reached epidemic levels. In 2015
40 -AND
41 -dwell on the easy arguments and defend only the most socially acceptable targets.
42 -This hamstrings innovation —- universities require free exchange of knowledge as a pre-req to education and regulations risk transforming academies into authoritarian structures
43 -
44 -ACTA 13 (American Council of Trustees and Alumni – independent non-profit that is focused on maintaining academic freedom and accountability among US colleges. "Free to Teach, Free to Learn: Understanding and Maintaining Academic Freedom in Higher Education", pgs. 23-25, http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED560924.pdf, EmmieeM)
45 -The primary function of a university is to discover and disseminate knowledge by means of
46 -AND
47 -be left to the informal processes of suasion, example, and argument.
48 -Independently, the ability to handle differing opinion is the most important internal link to competitiveness —- prevents workplace apathy and encourages diverse perspectives on issues
49 -
50 -Viljoen 15 (Rica Viljoen - Adjunct Faculty at Henley Business School – Africa, "Inclusive Organizational Transformation: An African Perspective on Human Niches and Diversity of Thought", "2.8 Conclusion", https://books.google.com/books?id=WDE3DAAAQBAJandpg=PA46andlpg=PA46anddq=the+ability+to+handle+opposing+views+is+critical+forandsource=blandots=Zf3rT7MKovandsig=gtUj7Y8AxKh-TPNlCrT6ebbJ9Gsandhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwjqqsus-tjQAhVB5mMKHb4ICiAQ6AEIHDAA~~~~~~#v=onepageandq=the20ability20to20handle20opposing20views20is20critical20forandf=false , pgs. 45-46, EmmieeM)
51 -The integral inclusivity framework presented in Figure 2.2 depicts how, through the
52 -AND
53 -diversity dynamics that typically may negatively impact on organizational behaviour, are optimized.
54 -Competitiveness is key to US dominance – we need to keep innovating faster to ensure economic prosperity and hegemony
55 -
56 -Segal 04 – Senior Fellow in China Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations ~~~Adam, Foreign Affairs, "Is America Losing Its Edge?" November / December 2004, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20041101facomment83601/adam-segal/is-america-losing-its-edge.html~~~~~~
57 -The United States' global primacy depends in large part on its ability to develop new
58 -AND
59 -, the United States must get better at fostering technological entrepreneurship at home.
60 -Loss of competitiveness results in great power conflict—retrenchment makes war inevitable and ensures the US would be dragged in - it’s try or die
61 -
62 -Khalilzad 11 — Zalmay Khalilzad, Counselor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, served as the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush, served as the director of policy planning at the Defense Department during the Presidency of George H.W. Bush, holds a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, 2011 ("The Economy and National Security," National Review, February 8^^th^^, Available Online at http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/print/259024, Accessed 02-08-2011)
63 -Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat to
64 -AND
65 -leading the world toward a new, dangerous era of multi-polarity.
66 -Terror 2:47
67 -Colleges can be unique places that prevent people from becoming trapped in echo chambers, but censorship is ruining that —- students are becoming more extremist, less understanding, and convinced that they are at war with an evil "Other"
68 -
69 -Lukianoff no date (Greg Lukianoff – attorney and CEO at the Foundation of Individual Rights in Education (FIRE); published in Wall Street Journal, LA Times, NY Times, Washington Post, and many others; has appeared on CBS Evening News, NBC’s Today Show, and many others,"How Colleges Create the ‘Expectation of Confirmation’", "Polarization and the Thickening Walls of Our Echo Chamber" – "Can College Help Break Down the Expectation of Confirmation?", http://www.soamcontest.com/content/how-colleges-create-expectation-confirmation, EmmieeM)
70 -In his 2008 book, The Big Sort: Why the Clustering of Like-
71 -AND
72 -to the bold questioning and uncomfortable discussions that intellectual and societal innovation demands.
73 -Freedom of expression allows extremist viewpoints to be challenged through debate, which demonstrates their flaws and de-motivates others from adopting them — speech bans only lead to hostility, divided communities, and push-back, which exacerbates terrorism
74 -
75 -Lombardi 15 (Marco Lombardi – member of the Italian Team for Security, Terroristic Issues, and Managing Emergencies, which is a research department in the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Milan, "Countering Radicalisation and Violent Extremism Among Youth to Prevent Terrorism", https://books.google.com/books?id='kAoBgAAQBAJandpg=PA3andlpg=PA3anddq=preventing+free+discussion+leads+to+extremismandsource=blandots=TJ8fW6700zandsig=Lz4MWuGl6LkEYxy5RdXBDrCAxfUandhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwiq56aDsvTQAhUS1GMKHRNUBC4Q6AEIXzAN~~~~~~#v=onepageandq=preventing20free20discussion20leads20to20extremismandf=false , pgs. 3- 4, EmmieeM)
76 -First, we should carefully calibrate prevention activities and avoid catch-all, indiscriminate
77 -AND
78 -law enforcement or secret services because this would discredit and ultimately sabotage them.
79 -This is especially pertinent in the case of colleges – students are much more likely to be recruited or adopt extremist views
80 -
81 -Borum 5 (Randy Borum – Professor and Director of Intelligence Studies in the School of Information and Academic Coordination for Cybersecurity at the University of Southern Florida; Chuck Tilby – member of the Police Department, "Anarchist Direct Action: A Challenge for Law Enforcement", "Recruitment, pg. 214, http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1552andcontext=mhlp'facpub, EmmieeM)
82 -It should not be surprising to learn that jails and prisons are major recruiting sites
83 -AND
84 -to be young, energetic, and idealistic with time available to act.
85 -Currently, the biggest terrorist threat to the US is white supremacist lone wolves —- they kill more Americans than jihadists and show more desire to use WMDs
86 -
87 -Blair 14 (Charles P. Blair, Senior Fellow on State and Non-State Threats for the Federation of American Scientists who teaches classes on terrorism and WMD technology at John Hopkins University and George Mason University, "Looking clearly at right-wing terrorism," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 9 June 2014, http://thebulletin.org/looking-clearly-right-wing-terrorism7232, *fc)
88 -Five years ago the US Department of Homeland Security’s Homeland Environment Threat Analysis Division released
89 -AND
90 -exaggerated, but neither should it be suppressed for political or ideological reasons.
91 -Dispersion of technology enables lone wolf terrorists to access chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons (CBURNs) – the impact will be mass casualties and unprecedented disruption of financial and social systems
92 -
93 -Ackerman and Pinson 14 ~~~Gary A. ,Director of the Special Projects Division at the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), University of Maryland, Lauren E., Senior Research/Project Manager at START and PhD student at Yale University, "An Army of One: Assessing CBRN Pursuit and Use by Lone Wolves and Autonomous Cells," Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 26, Issue 1, 2014~~~
94 -The first question to answer is whence the concerns about the nexus between CBRN weapons
95 -AND
96 -well influence the weapon selection of lone actor jihadists in Western nations. 19
97 -Solvency
98 -Censoring hate speech entrenches racism —- extremists get to look like martyrs, offensive terms are re-coded and then normalized, and it abstracts from material change. Also, attempts to censor something empirically make it more appealing and leads to greater publication
99 -
100 -Heinze 16 (Eric Heinze – Professor of Law and Humanities at the University of London, "Hate Speech and Democratic Citizenship", "The Prohibitionist Challenge", pgs. 149-152, https://books.google.com/books?id=UJJyCwAAQBAJandpg=PA150andlpg=PA150anddq=censoring+hate+speech+helps+the+right-wing+martyrandsource=blandots=aVdz0PZticandsig=prvOZgxAtkhebwxC7EDhcb6HDicandhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwj0xaWXofLQAhXEwlQKHcqWDwUQ6AEIIjAB~~~~~~#v=onepageandq=censoring20hate20speech20helps20the20right-wing20martyrandf=false, EmmieeM)
101 -American oppositionists have lacked domestic empirical evidence of ineffectiveness, available on the continent,
102 -AND
103 -still-unconquered, non-viewpoint-punitive territory within public discourse.
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2016-12-17 20:23:44.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -X
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -6
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Harker Shah Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Aff
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
Caselist.CitesClass[7]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,76 +1,0 @@
1 -1AC
2 -Framework
3 -The political process has changed – instead of trying to engage with society, we have become fixated on symbolic gestures and looking to personal ethics, leading to serial policy failure and the War on Terror. We need to engage with concrete action not ‘me-search’ and radical utopias
4 -
5 -Chandler 7 (David Chandler – Professor of International Relations and the Director of the Centre for the Study of Democracy at the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Westminster. He’s also the founding editor of the Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, "The Attraction of Post-Territorial Politics: Ethics and Activism in the International Sphere (The Inaugural Lecture of Professor David Chandler)", http://www.davidchandler.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Inaugural-lecture.pdf, pgs. 1-9, EmmieeM)
6 -Introduction. It seems that our engagement with and understanding of politics is increasingly shaped
7 -AND
8 -, critique, and ultimately overcome the practices and subjectivities of our time.
9 -Focus on big, apocalyptic scenarios justifies all atrocities carried out in the name of avoiding them – prefer being an intellectual coming up with methodologies for change rather than feeding the security machine
10 -
11 -Matheson 15 (Calum Matheson – This is his PhD dissertation at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "Desired Ground Zeros: Nuclear Imagination and the Death Drive", https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/indexablecontent/uuid:4bbcb13b-0b5f-43a1-884c-fcd6e6411fd6, pg. 187-189, EmmieeM)
12 -The danger of seeking the Real of nuclear warfare in language is that the inevitable
13 -AND
14 -the impossibility of an eventual triumph of automaton against the caprice of tuché.
15 -Challenging background beliefs about security measures is a prior question because educational spaces like debate is where knowledge about war is created and asserted. Acting as a critical outsider within public spaces is crucial to changing prevailing beliefs and practices
16 -
17 -Crawford 16 (Neta C Crawford is a professor of Political Science at Boston University who focuses on international relations theory and discourse ethics. She has won the American Political Science Association Jervis and Schroeder Award for her writings on international politics. She has been published in numerous scholarly journals and books, in addition to having served as the chair of the International Studies Association, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, "What is war good for? Background ideas and assumptions about the legitimacy, utility, and costs of offensive war", http://bpi.sagepub.com/content/18/2/282.full.pdf+html, pages 286-288, EmmieeM)
18 -While the deeper background ideas about war are not routinely surfaces, foregrounded, and
19 -AND
20 -has been the case with assumptions about the legitimacy and utility of war.
21 -Questioning the legitimacy of war and securitization is key to deconstruct the background ideas that shape the development of tactics, research, and weapons. Thus the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that best deconstructs the security state
22 -
23 -Crawford 16 (Neta C Crawford is a professor of Political Science at Boston University who focuses on international relations theory and discourse ethics. She has won the American Political Science Association Jervis and Schroeder Award for her writings on international politics. She has been published in numerous scholarly journals and books, in addition to having served as the chair of the International Studies Association, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, "What is war good for? Background ideas and assumptions about the legitimacy, utility, and costs of offensive war", http://bpi.sagepub.com/content/18/2/282.full.pdf+html, pages 284-186, EmmieeM)
24 -War is defined as the use of military force to achieve a political objective.
25 -AND
26 -may be rarely expressed in explicit propositional form among the politically dominant classes.
27 -Offense 4:10
28 -Colleges are the newest target of the security state – the perception that universities are uniquely capable of supporting democracy and dissent over the War on Terror and free enterprise drives right-wing extremists to enforce censorship, under the guise of advancing tolerance and rights
29 -
30 -Giroux 6 (Henry A. Giroux – one of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy, PhD from Carnegie, was a professor at Boston University and scholar at Miami University. Was the founding Director of the Center for Education and Cultural Studies. Published by John Hopkins University Press, "Academic Freedom Under FIre: The Case for Critical Pedagogy, pgs. 1 – 9, http://muse.jhu.edu/article/203608/pdf, EmmieeM)
31 -Higher education in the United States appears to be caught in a strange contradiction.
32 -AND
33 -the best talent to American universities" (Jonathan Cole 2005b, B7).
34 -The dissenter has become the terrorist to be eradicated – the security state has transformed college censorship into a tool of suppression for radical or brown students under the pretense of enforcing diversity and tolerance for right-wing students. Absent analysis of the War on Terror, liberation becomes impossible because struggles for racial or gender equality becomes coopted to further Islamaphobia and Middle East interventionism.
35 -
36 -Chatterjee 14 (Piya Chatterjee – Gender and Woman’s Studies Chair of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Department at Scripps; B.A. from Wellesley in Political Science/Anthropology; M.A. at UChicago in Political Science/Anthropology; PhD at UChicago in Anthropology; numerous awards (professor of the year, bridging theory to practice grant, ford foundation grant, etc); Sunandra Maira – Professor of Asian American studies at UC Davis; Ed.D in Human Development and Psychology from Harvard; "The Imperial University: Race, War, and the Nation-State", "Academic Contaiment" – entire section, pg. 17 – 25, https://www.csun.edu/cdsc/Imperial20University20Introduction20-20Piya20Chatterjee20and20Sunaina20Maira.pdf, "Academic Containment", EmmieeM)
37 -State warfare and militarism have shored up deeply powerful notions of patriotism, intertwined with
38 -AND
39 -the mission of higher education and the future of the nation-state.
40 -Security thrives on insecurity – the state fabricates dangerous "Others" to justify endless warfare in order to sustain hegemony and the myth of perpetual threats. Any weighing calculus that fails to account for the invisible violence happening in the status quo is epistemologically flawed – only through acknowledging that the War on Terror is fueled by the torture and slaughter of ordinary citizens can we deconstruct securitization.
41 -
42 -McClintock 9 (Anne McClintock – B.A in English from University of Cape Town; M.Phil in Linguistics at the University of Cambridge; PhD in English Literature from Columbia; previous Associate Professor of Gender and Cultural Studies at Columbia"Paranoid Empire: Specters From Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib", pgs. 50-54, http://english110fall2014leroy.qwriting.qc.cuny.edu/files/2014/06/13.1.mcclintock.pdf, EmmieeM)
43 -The question is still open: what is the purpose of Guantanamo Bay? Is
44 -AND
45 -contradictory sites where imperial racism, sexuality, and gender catastrophically collide.11
46 -Thus, the plan. Resolved: Public colleges and universities ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech.
47 -
48 -Downs 4 (Donald Alexander Downs – Professor of Political Science, Law and Journalism at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and Research Fellow at the Independent Institute, Oakland, California. He has won the Annisfield-Wolf Book Award, the Gladys M. Kammerer Award of the American Political Science Association, and has been in published in journals, encyclopedias, and professional books. "Restoring Free Speech and Liberty on Campus", pgs. Xx – xxi, http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5243N.pdf, EmmieeM)
49 -During most of the twentieth century, threats to campus free speech and academic freedom
50 -AND
51 -commitment on campus can help to bring about this retrieval of liberal principles.
52 -Solvency 1:00
53 -The affirmative is an act of carpentry – the world is a really messed up place, but you cannot deny the existence of 6 billion people who cannot survive absent infrastructure and networks that provide resources. Empty critiques and radical upheavals devoid of concrete proposals are incomprehensible, doomed to failure, and drive people towards reigning ideology
54 -
55 -Bryant 12 — Levi R. Bryant, Professor of Philosophy at Collin College, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Loyola University in Chicago, 2012 ("Underpants Gnomes: A Critique of the Academic Left," Larval Subjects—Levi R. Bryant’s philosophy blog, November 11th, Available Online at http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/, Accessed 02-21-2014)
56 -I must be in a mood today–half irritated, half amused–because
57 -AND
58 -. Instead we prefer to shout and denounce. Good luck with that.
59 -The security state operates on a binary where people are either complacent allies or dissenters to be suppressed at all costs – by framing unsavory speech acts as coming from people who are our equals and share more similarities than differences rather than evil "Others" to be destroyed, the affirmative avoids cooption of "protection" movements and the antagonisms that drive war. Anything other than complete rejection hyperlinks to the impacts of the AFF.
60 -
61 -Ivie 5 (Robert L. Ivie – PhD in Rhetoric and Communication at WashU, "Democratic Dissent and the Trick of Rhetorical Critique", "Dissent as a Form of Struggle" – entire section, pg. 279 – 280, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.832.4092andrep=rep1andtype=pdf, EmmieeM)
62 -Democracy’s formidable challenge may be most clearly indicated on the occasion of war. War
63 -AND
64 -it is otherwise curtailed and constrained by a regime of crisis and war?
65 -UV
66 -Aff gets RVIs because
67 -1) Deterrence- RVIs check abusive theory proliferation because they can’t introduce no-risk issues with no recourse.
68 -2) t is an rvi if even for drop the advocacy because forcing me to restart in the 1ar skews my time and strat and nullifies 6 minutes of the AC
69 -3) Competing interps imply an rvi because if they can win for upholding a norm then I should win if I prove that I upholding a better norm.
70 -Debating about government policies is a valuable heuristic — we can learn about the state without being it. Their radical framework eliminates the potential for political agency and oversimplifies complex, contingent relationships. Instead of rejecting government policies in general, we should analyze particular policies.
71 -
72 -Zanotti 13 — Laura Zanotti, Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech, holds a Ph.D. in International Relations from Florida International University, 2013 ("Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World," Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Volume 38, Issue 4, November, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via SAGE Publications Online, p. 299-300)
73 -Conclusion
74 -In this article, I have argued that, notwithstanding their critical stance
75 -AND
76 -position leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism.’’84
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-02-17 23:06:06.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -7
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Harker Shah Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1AC-WoT
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
Caselist.CitesClass[8]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,68 +1,0 @@
1 -1AC
2 -FW
3 -Since ought implies moral obligation, I value morality, which presupposes inclusion since it assumes equal worth and B) since only inclusion can promote compliance. Morality has to guide action; if ethics aren't grounded in action, then they lose their prescriptive value, destroying morality.
4 -Structural violence is based in moral exclusion; it allows one group to become invisible.
5 -
6 -Winter and Leighton 99 ~Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton. Winter is a professor of psychology at Whitman College. Leighton is an assistant professor of psychology at Southern Arkansas University. "Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century." Page 4-5~
7 -She argues that our normal perceptual cognitive processes divide people into in-groups and
8 -AND
9 -local cultures, will be our most surefooted path to building lasting peace.
10 -Thus, the standard is decreasing structural violence.
11 -Prefer since this is a constraint on all theories; if a theory excludes others, then their starting point is flawed. Their analysis of the world will be inaccurate, and if the first premise is flawed, then the conclusion can't be true.
12 -
13 -GUENTHER 12 ~Lisa Guenther, The Living Death of Solitary Confinement, The Opinion Pages, The Stone, NYT, Aug 26, 2012~
14 -Deprived of everyday encounters with other people, and cut off from an open-
15 -AND
16 -and to lend their own unique perspective to creating meaning in the world.
17 -Plan
18 -QI application has shifted—we now use reasonableness and precedent standards so broad that filing suit is IMPOSSIBLE. Reinhardt '15
19 -
20 -Michigan Law Review Volume 113 | Issue 7 2015 The Demise of Habeas Corpus and the Rise of Qualified Immunity: The Court's Ever Increasing Limitations on the Development and Enforcement of Constitutional Rights and Some Particularly Unfortunate Consequences Stephen R. Reinhardt United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
21 -Hope was short-lived.140 For one thing, the Court began to
22 -AND
23 -wounded or deceased victim of excessive force at the hands of law enforcement.
24 -TEXT: The USFG ought to change the doctrinal formula for qualified immunity replacing the 'clearly established standard' and the 'reasonableness standard' with a 'clearly unconstitutional standard for police officers.
25 -That allows us to provide adequate civil rights protection while maintaining consistency with current law—means no link to disads. Jeffries '10
26 -
27 -University of Virginia School of Law Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper Series No. 2010-21 What's Wrong With Qualified Immunity? John C. Jeffries, Jr. University of Virginia School of Law June 2010
28 -A second suggestion would be to change the doctrinal formula for qualified immunity. Rather
29 -AND
30 -would not be irrelevant in determining whether conduct is ―clearly unconstitutional.‖ 84
31 -Advantage
32 -The advantage is legal system legitimacy and racism. Court expansion of QI exacerbates racial discrimination in the criminal justice system—the law must be used to safeguard minority rights. Reinhardt '15
33 -
34 -Michigan Law Review Volume 113 | Issue 7 2015 The Demise of Habeas Corpus and the Rise of Qualified Immunity: The Court's Ever Increasing Limitations on the Development and Enforcement of Constitutional Rights and Some Particularly Unfortunate Consequences Stephen R. Reinhardt United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
35 -Unfortunately, the Court's recent treatment of federal habeas law and qualified immunity evinces a
36 -AND
37 -decisions in other areas of the law,176 only exacerbated the problem.
38 -Courts no longer even raise the question of if a constitutional violation occurred—creates a system of continued rights violations only the aff can solve. Reinhardt '15
39 -
40 -Michigan Law Review Volume 113 | Issue 7 2015 The Demise of Habeas Corpus and the Rise of Qualified Immunity: The Court's Ever Increasing Limitations on the Development and Enforcement of Constitutional Rights and Some Particularly Unfortunate Consequences Stephen R. Reinhardt United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
41 -Although there is a great deal that is troubling about the qualified immunity doctrine as
42 -AND
43 -to articulate constitutional rights will surely have far-reaching, negative repercussions.
44 -Public perception of the judicial system is at an all time low—its treatment of racial minorities is the cause. Reinhardt '15
45 -
46 -Michigan Law Review Volume 113 | Issue 7 2015 The Demise of Habeas Corpus and the Rise of Qualified Immunity: The Court's Ever Increasing Limitations on the Development and Enforcement of Constitutional Rights and Some Particularly Unfortunate Consequences Stephen R. Reinhardt United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
47 -This is an especially unfortunate time to be limiting the opportunities of those who have
48 -AND
49 -. On this score, the Court has simply failed in its mission.
50 -Legal legitimacy is key to compliance with the law and maintaining moral order—turns back ethics based NCs. Robinson 11,
51 -
52 -Robinson 11 (Paul, ) "Mercy, Crime Control and Moral Credibility" Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper Series Research Paper No. ~#10-32
53 -Perhaps the greatest utility of empirical desert comes through a more subtle but potentially more
54 -AND
55 -it will be effective in doing so only if it has sufficient credibility.
56 -And, Legal legitimacy is key to promote peace and prevents future conflict. Ban 04,
57 -
58 -Ban, 04, Secretary General of the UN ~Ki-Moon, "The rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies", UN Security Council, August 23, S/2004/616, http://www.unrol.org/files/200420report.pdf~~**
59 -2. The objective of the present report is to highlight key issues and lessons
60 -AND
61 -manner. Viewed this way, prevention is the first imperative of justice.
62 -Underview
63 -Even if police officers were taken to court—it's municipalities that would have to pay damages. Means no link to police enforcement DAs and the aff is key to challenging the state. Reinhardt '15
64 -
65 -Michigan Law Review Volume 113 | Issue 7 2015 The Demise of Habeas Corpus and the Rise of Qualified Immunity: The Court's Ever Increasing Limitations on the Development and Enforcement of Constitutional Rights and Some Particularly Unfortunate Consequences Stephen R. Reinhardt United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
66 -Unfortunately, the Court's actions no longer match its rhetoric. In fact, they
67 -AND
68 -has once again exalted a lesser concern over the protection of constitutional rights.
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-02-17 23:06:45.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -8
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Harker Shah Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1AC-Trutil-JanFeb
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
Caselist.CitesClass[9]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,133 +1,0 @@
1 -Part 1 is Framework
2 -Traditional ethics has functioned from a place of privilege and domination, thereby silencing the voices of marginalized groups. Morality can't be a set of rigid rules based on a universal white, masculine subject's "reason." Arnault 92
3 -
4 -Lynne S Arnault,PhD, Prof Miss State Gender/Body/Knowledge, Ed. By Alison Jagger, 1992
5 -For many philosophers in the American-British analytic tradition, radical feminist moral theory
6 -AND
7 -have reinforced dualistic ideologies of masculinity and femininity. (186-7)
8 -Theories that fail to acknowledge the prevalence of patriarchy are subject to flawed epistemology – any framework must be filtered through an understanding of the gendered politics of the resolution. Stanley 02
9 -
10 -Liz Stanley Prof. Womens Studies @ Manchester and Sue Wise Prof of social justice Lancaster, Breaking out Again , 2002
11 -Is there a distinct feminist method, in the sense of a technique of data
12 -AND
13 -Existing feminist epistemologies do this in varied ways. (188-9)
14 -The role of the ballot and judge as an educator is to reject arguments based on asymmetrical power relations—because pedagogical contexts are inherently political, we have a unique opportunity to promote real change. Trifonas 03
15 -
16 -PETER PERICLES TRIFONAS. PEDAGOGIES OF DIFFERENCE: RETHINKING EDUCATION FOR SOCIAL CHANGE/ RoutledgeFalmer. New York, London. 2003. Questia.
17 -If we superimpose my formulation of "power as relation" on the discussion concerning
18 -AND
19 -to make the world a better place for us and for our children.
20 -Only working within the state resolves gender violence – reforming assumptions in policy is uniquely valuable
21 -
22 -Tickner, feminist IR theorist and a distinguished scholar in residence at the School of International Services, American University, 01
23 -~J. Ann, Gendering World Politics, p. 11-13, MM~
24 -Feminist theories are multidisciplinary; they draw from both the social and natural sciences as
25 -AND
26 -biases in the ways in which our theories have been focused and developed.
27 -Part 2 is Offense
28 -The impacts to intimate partner violence are horrific and experienced by 1.3 million women each year. NCADV '07
29 -
30 -NCADV 07 ("Domestic Violence Facts." National Coalition Against Domestic Violence. Every Home a Safe Home. NCADV Public Policy Office, Washington D.C. July 2007.")
31 -Domestic violence is the willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault,
32 -AND
33 -restraining orders against intimate partners who raped or stalked the victim were violated.
34 -Police departments fail to investigate domestic violence in the squo – DOJ investigations prove. ACLU 12/15
35 -
36 -American Civil Liberties Union. 12/15/15 For nearly 100 years, the ACLU has been our nation's guardian of liberty, working in courts, legislatures, and communities to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties that the Constitution and the laws of the United States guarantee everyone in this country. With more than a million members, activists, and supporters, the ACLU is a nationwide organization that fights tirelessly in all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and Washington, D.C. to safeguard everyone's rights. It is a non partisan group. "POLICE DEPARTMENTS ASKED TO EXAMINE GENDER-BIAS AND VICTIM TREATMENT" ACLU Accessed 11/12/16 https://www.aclu.org/news/doj-issues-new-guidance-police-domestic-violence-and-sexual-assault-cases | AM I do not endorse the gendered language in this card, nor that domestic violence only affects women or those in heterosexual relationships.
37 -The guidance comes on the heels of DOJ investigations of gender-biased policing in
38 -AND
39 -a victim is put at greater risk as a result of police conduct.
40 -Police fail to enforce restraining orders – studies prove. Jain 11
41 -
42 -Niji Jain. 2011. Jain is an associate in the firm's litigation department. Prior to joining the firm, Ms. Jain served as a law clerk to the Honorable Orinda D. Evans in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. Ms. Jain has been active in litigation at all stages, including pre-litigation counseling, discovery, motions practice, mediation, and trial. She has a JD with honors from Emory, was a Robert W. Woodruff Fellow there and was Notes and Comments Editor at the Emory Law Journal. She has a BA from Stanford. "ENGENDERING FAIRNESS IN DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ARRESTS" EMORY LAW JOURNAL ~Vol. 60, 2011~ Accessed 11/4/16 http://law.emory.edu/elj/_documents/volumes/60/4/comments/jain.pdf | AM
43 -The facts of the Castle Rock case are egregious but sadly common. Nationally,
44 -AND
45 -violence and their children. The next section discusses these barriers to accountability.
46 -Police enforcement is key to solve domestic violence – failure condones and emboldens abusers. Jain 11
47 -
48 -Niji Jain. 2011. Jain is an associate in the firm's litigation department. Prior to joining the firm, Ms. Jain served as a law clerk to the Honorable Orinda D. Evans in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. Ms. Jain has been active in litigation at all stages, including pre-litigation counseling, discovery, motions practice, mediation, and trial. She has a JD with honors from Emory, was a Robert W. Woodruff Fellow there and was Notes and Comments Editor at the Emory Law Journal. She has a BA from Stanford. "ENGENDERING FAIRNESS IN DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ARRESTS" EMORY LAW JOURNAL ~Vol. 60, 2011~ Accessed 11/4/16 http://law.emory.edu/elj/_documents/volumes/60/4/comments/jain.pdf | AM I do not endorse the gendered language in this card, nor that domestic violence only affects women or those in heterosexual relationships.
49 -There are several compelling reasons for encouraging police enforcement of protective orders. First,
50 -AND
51 -will continue to disregard the safety of gender-based violence victims.77
52 -Intimate partner violence spills over to affect the security of all women in society. Seith 97
53 -
54 -Escaping Domestic Violence: Asylum as a Means of Protection for Battered Women (Fall, 1997) Patricia A. Seith - Columbia Law Review, Vol. 97, No. 6
55 -Violence is used against women as a form of social control and is effective because
56 -AND
57 -the manifestation of the power that men use to maintain control over women.
58 -Structural violence is the largest proximate cause of war- creates priming that psychologically structures escalation
59 -
60 -Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois '4
61 -(Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn)
62 -(Nancy and Philippe, Introduction: Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in
63 -AND
64 -including the house gun and gated communities; and reversed feelings of victimization).
65 -Part 3 is the Plan
66 -Plan Text: The USFG should amend qualified immunity with a standard which exempts police officers from protection when they create danger to domestic violence victims through actions or an act of omission. Shtelmakher 10 explains:
67 -
68 -Milena Shtelmakher. 6/1/10 Shtelmakher focuses on complex civil litigation in the state and federal courts in New York, including cases of catastrophic property damage and fire loss, construction defect, and professional liability. Mila has significant experience handling all aspects of civil litigation, including case development, suit evaluation, motion support, and trial preparation. Prior to joining SGL, Mila was an Associate at a New York City firm where she represented individual health care providers and hospitals in all types of high-exposure healthcare and professional liability claims. Prior to law school, she worked in the Investor Protection Bureau of the New York State Attorney General's Office, where she assisted with prosecutions of fraud in the insurance, mutual fund, and mortgage industries. Mila earned her Juris Doctorate from Loyola Law School, Los Angeles where she was an editor of the Loyola Law Review. She also interned with the Honorable Charles E. Ramos of the New York Supreme Court, Commercial Division and the Honorable Dean D. Pregerson of the United States District Court, Central District of California. Additionally, she volunteered at a domestic violence clinic helping victims obtain restraining orders in court. "POLICE MISCONDUCT AND LIABILITY: APPLYING THE STATE-CREATED DANGER DOCTRINE TO HOLD POLICE OFFICERS ACCOUNTABLE FOR RESPONDING INADEQUATELY TO DOMESTIC-VIOLENCE SITUATIONS" Loyola Law Review Rev. 1533 Accessed 11/1/16 http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2701andcontext=llr | AM I do not endorse the gendered language in this card, nor that domestic violence only affects women or those in heterosexual relationships.
69 -In cases arising from domestic-violence complaints, federal courts apply the state-
70 -AND
71 -subjects them to liability whether they take action or fail to do so.
72 -Part 4 is Solvency
73 -Qualified immunity is a key obstacle in fighting domestic violence. Shtelmakher 10
74 -
75 -Milena Shtelmakher. 6/1/10 Shtelmakher focuses on complex civil litigation in the state and federal courts in New York, including cases of catastrophic property damage and fire loss, construction defect, and professional liability. Mila has significant experience handling all aspects of civil litigation, including case development, suit evaluation, motion support, and trial preparation. Prior to joining SGL, Mila was an Associate at a New York City firm where she represented individual health care providers and hospitals in all types of high-exposure healthcare and professional liability claims. Prior to law school, she worked in the Investor Protection Bureau of the New York State Attorney General's Office, where she assisted with prosecutions of fraud in the insurance, mutual fund, and mortgage industries. Mila earned her Juris Doctorate from Loyola Law School, Los Angeles where she was an editor of the Loyola Law Review. She also interned with the Honorable Charles E. Ramos of the New York Supreme Court, Commercial Division and the Honorable Dean D. Pregerson of the United States District Court, Central District of California. Additionally, she volunteered at a domestic violence clinic helping victims obtain restraining orders in court. "POLICE MISCONDUCT AND LIABILITY: APPLYING THE STATE-CREATED DANGER DOCTRINE TO HOLD POLICE OFFICERS ACCOUNTABLE FOR RESPONDING INADEQUATELY TO DOMESTIC-VIOLENCE SITUATIONS" Loyola Law Review Rev. 1533 Accessed 11/1/16 http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2701andcontext=llr | AM I do not endorse the gendered language in this card, nor that domestic violence only affects women or those in heterosexual relationships.
76 -Part of the battle against domestic violence is to make adequate, and thus appropriate
77 -AND
78 -of the danger of domestic violence by making them accountable for their conduct.
79 -The best way to solve domestic violence is to limit qualified immunity for police officers for domestic violence. Dean '98
80 -
81 -Michael Dean. April 8, 1998 Dean has been an attorney, counselor and businessman in Southeast Oakland County since 1981. Attorney Michael Dean graduated from Albion College, cum laude, with a degree in Economics and Professional Management. Michael Dean worked in the family business while attending the University of Detroit Law School. "THE FAILURE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT TO ENFORCE THE LAW" Michael Dean Accessed 11/4/16 "http://mdean.tripod.com/immunity.html" | AM
82 -For example, historically, there has been a general reluctance on the part of
83 -AND
84 -where the elements of negligence could be proven and the facts demanded it.
85 -QI is the biggest hurdle in domestic violence cases – inconsistent standards and lack of judicial oversight prove Harper '90
86 -
87 -Laura Harper September 9 1990 Powell is MFA's Associate General Counsel. Laura is responsible, along with other MFA counsel, for monitoring, analyzing and commenting on regulatory and legislative developments affecting the alternative investment industry. Prior to joining MFA, Laura was Of Counsel in the New York office of Kirkland and Ellis LLP, where she practiced in the firm's Corporate Group and focused on derivatives and corporate finance transactions. As part of her practice, Laura represented end-users in preparing and negotiating customized over-the-counter derivatives and other trading documentation for their asset management and risk management strategies. Laura also represented investment advisers, pension fund investors, issuers and other capital markets participants in a broad range of public and private securities offerings and investments and related regulatory compliance and disclosure matters. Laura received her Juris Doctor from Cornell Law School in 1991 and her Master of Business Administration degree from Cornell University's Johnson Graduate School of Management in 1990. She received her Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Utah. "Battered Women Suing Police for Failure to Intervene: Viable Legal Avenues After Deshaney v. Winnibago County Department of Social Services" 75 Cornell L. Rev. 1392 (1990) Accessed 11/14/16 http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3473andcontext=clr | AM
88 -Should a battered woman plaintiff proffer sufficient evidence of an equal protection or due process
89 -AND
90 -hurdle for battered women seeking redress for the deprivation of their constitutional rights.
91 -Part 5 is Framing
92 -Their invocation of extinction risk is just a tool of the imperial elite to justify continued domination – reject high magnitude low risk arguments that only serve to perpetuate everyday violence.
93 -
94 -Saunders 5 ~Rebecca Comparative Lit @ Illinois St., "Risky Business: Edward Said as Literary Critic" Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle Eas p. 529-532~
95 -Risk-free ethics, like all protection from risk, are a class privilege
96 -AND
97 -which judging is everywhere beset. . . . to admit that 'obligation'
98 -Prediction is impossible – linear analysis causes policy failure
99 -
100 -Sa, 04 – Deug Whan, Dong-U College, South Korea, ("CHAOS, UNCERTA I N T Y, AND POLICY CHOICE: UTILIZING THE ADAPTIVE MODEL," International Review of Public Administration, vol. 8, no. 2, 2004, scholar)RK
101 -In many cases, a small choice might lead to overwhelming results that generate either
102 -AND
103 -states, the same environments, and governed by the same causal relationships.
104 -Their fixation on national interests and apocalyptic scenarios justifies endless violence, totalitarianism, and nuclear war – reject their improbable securitizing scenarios
105 -
106 -Ahmed 12 Dr. Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed is Executive Director of the Institute for Policy Research and Development (IPRD), an independent think tank focused on the study of violent conflict, he has taught at the Department of International Relations, University of Sussex "The international relations of crisis and the crisis of international relations: from the securitisation of scarcity to the militarisation of society" Global Change, Peace and Security Volume 23, Issue 3, 2011 Taylor Francis
107 -While recommendations to shift our frame of orientation away from conventional state-centrism toward
108 -AND
109 -, effective, and joined-up policy-making on these issues.
110 -Reject patriarchy as a starting point for broader social reform — ignoring this impact is heteronormative and wrong.
111 -
112 -Ferber 04 — Abby Ferber, Professor of Sociology and Director of the Matrix Center for the Advancement of Social Equity and Inclusion at the University of Pittsburgh, co-organizer of the national White Privilege Conference, Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Oregon, M.A. in Sociology from the University of Oregon, ("Racial Warriors and Weekend Warriors," Feminism and Masculinities, Published by Oxford University Press, ISBN: 0–19–926724–3, pgs. 235-236)
113 -Kipnis (1995) argues that 'male-bashing is de rigueur in today's
114 -AND
115 -, and white men in particular, today's truly oppressed. ~. . .~
116 -Women security against gender violence is the internal link to global stability—solves a litany of global impacts. Hudson '12
117 -
118 -Hudson 12 (Valerie M, What Sexs Mean for World Peace, Valerie M. Hudson is professor and George H.W. Bush chair in the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM , .http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/04/24/what_sex_means_for_world_peace?page=full)
119 -Well, here is some robust empirical evidence that we cannot ignore: Using the
120 -AND
121 -— and in turn its rise to world power — in this century.
122 -International stability solves nuclear escalation—interstate aggression with the nuclear option means there is always a risk—only way to avoid extinction. Morgan '09
123 -
124 -Morgan 09 (Dennis Ray Morgan *
Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin Campus - South Korea, Elsevier, Futures 41 (2009) 683–693, "World on fire: two scenarios of the destruction of human civilization and possible extinction of the human race")
125 -Besides the accidental factor, another factor that could incite nuclear war is that of
126 -AND
127 -, military, industrial or civilian targets and preemptively attacks that nation.''
128 -Structural violence transcends ethics- it biases our thought processes to exclude others and consider violence acceptable. Winter and Leighton 99
129 -
130 -Deborah DuNann Winter (Psychologist that specializes in Social Psych, Counseling Psych, Historical and Contemporary Issues, Peace Psychology) and Dana C. Leighton (PhD graduate student in the Psychology Department at the University of Arkansas. Knowledgable in the fields of social psychology, peace psychology, and justice and intergroup responses to transgressions of justice) "Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century."
131 -Finally, to recognize the operation of structural violence forces us to ask questions about
132 -AND
133 -structural violence, can also be used to empower citizens to reduce it.
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-02-17 23:07:20.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -9
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Harker Shah Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Aff
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
Caselist.CitesClass[10]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,99 +1,0 @@
1 -Part 1 is Framework
2 -
3 -The standard is identifying the best strategy for resisting ableist oppression, as contextualized by aff offense.
4 -
5 -Analysis of ableism is a critical focal point in addressing structural oppression caused by the hegemonic power structures of globalization. Academia is a uniquely key forum to bring about these issues. Mitchell ‘10
6 -Snyder and Mitchell 10 (Introduction: Ablenationalism and the Geo-Politics of Disability Sharon L. Snyder David T. Mitchell Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 4, Number 2, 2010, pp. 113-125)
7 -As a result, Disability Studies in McRuer's point of view should continue to affiliate
8 -AND
9 -and, as such, key guiding principles of democracy are left unrealized.
10 -
11 -Ableism operates as master trope illuminating the fundamental tactic of oppression—the naturalization of social inferiority as biological difference. Siebers 09
12 -Siebers, University of Michigan, Professor of Literary and Cultural Criticism, Tobin, “The Aesthetics of Human Disqualification”, Oct 28, 2009, Lecture, Google Books.
13 -Oppression is the systematic victimization of one group by another. It is a form
14 -AND
15 -represents at this moment in time the final frontier of justifiable human inferiority.
16 -
17 -Part 2 is the Topic
18 -
19 -Plan Text: The US Supreme Court ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers by removing its application to lawsuits under disability discrimination statutes.
20 -Gildin ’99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. “DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED” University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)
21 -The Supreme Court recently affirmed that the unambiguous lan guage of a statute is dispositive
22 -AND
23 -the text of the Acts manifests Congress's intent to bar any immunity defense.
24 -
25 -Only the supreme court can be the actor because it is precedential, in overturning q/I for police officers, they must interpret the ADA in its explicit text, which implies the decision’s application to q/I for all public officials.
26 -
27 -Advantage 1 is Legislative History
28 -
29 -Even if you think the state is bad, you cannot ignore the specificity of this historical analysis. It has not been one policy, there has been no cooption, and its breadth has only increased. Every relevant indicator implies that governments intended to help disabled people with these policies. Don’t think of the aff as defending a policy but rather a movement, which qualified immunity stands in the way of.
30 -Gildin ’99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. “DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED” University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)
31 -The legislative history of the Rehabilitation Act reveals that Con gress intended to supply disabled
32 -AND
33 -Congress intended that each be broadly interpreted to provide effective remedies against discrimination...
34 -
35 -Qualified immunity stands directly in conflict with the legislative history of disability discrimination statutes. There are two scenarios where it removes damages all together.
36 -Gildin ’99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. “DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED” University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)
37 -First, because damages may not be obtained from the federal gov ernment under the
38 -AND
39 -is wholly inapplicable to actions for damages brought under the disability discrimination statutes.
40 -
41 -Upholding policies like the ADA combats the invisibility of disabled people in society.
42 -Gildin ’99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. “DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED” University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)
43 -The legislative history of the ADA likewise mandates a broad construction of the Act.
44 -AND
45 -ADA "must be in terpreted broadly to carry out its purpose." n154
46 -
47 -Recognition of the disabled body creates ruptures in status quo thinking that challenge societal prejudice. Campbell 09
48 -Campbell, Griffith University, 9 (Fiona Kumari, 2009, “Contours of Ableism: The Production of Disability and Abledness,” page 12-13, Date Accessed: 7/7)
49 -Returning to the matter of definitional clarity around abled(ness), Robert McRuer (
50 -AND
51 -‘unavoidable duality’ by putting forward another metaphor, that of the mirror.
52 -
53 -Advantage 2 is Police Brutality
54 -
55 -ADA suits are going to be popular to resist police violence, two scenarios:
56 -
57 -1) Excessive force.
58 -Harrington ’01 (James Harrington, Director, Texas Civil Rights Project. Adjunct Professor of Law, The University of Texas. B.A., Pontifical College Josephinum, 1968; M.A.(Philosophy), University of Detroit, 1970; J.D., University of Detroit, 1973. Director, Americans with Disabilities Act National Backup Center, 1995-1998. The author has been lead counsel or co-counsel in more than 350 ADA cases. “A RE-BIRTH FOR CIVIL RIGHTS LITIGATION: USING THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT TO OVERCOME SECTION 1983 HURDLES AND HOLD GOVERNMENT AND POLICE ACCOUNTABLE. A Review of the Past Seventeen Years” 2001 | SP)
59 -In light of Yeskey, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed a summary judgment
60 -AND
61 -on the police to handle problematic situations with people who have disabilities.172
62 -
63 -2) Suicide Calls and Emergencies – will require a paradigmatic shift.
64 -Harrington ’01 (James Harrington, Director, Texas Civil Rights Project. Adjunct Professor of Law, The University of Texas. B.A., Pontifical College Josephinum, 1968; M.A.(Philosophy), University of Detroit, 1970; J.D., University of Detroit, 1973. Director, Americans with Disabilities Act National Backup Center, 1995-1998. The author has been lead counsel or co-counsel in more than 350 ADA cases. “A RE-BIRTH FOR CIVIL RIGHTS LITIGATION: USING THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT TO OVERCOME SECTION 1983 HURDLES AND HOLD GOVERNMENT AND POLICE ACCOUNTABLE. A Review of the Past Seventeen Years” 2001 | SP)
65 -Another common call to the police is for help with an individual who has suicidal
66 -AND
67 -175 There will likely continue to be considerable litigation in this area.176
68 -
69 -The aff holds police accountable for this violence and deters future violations of disability discrimination status. Q/I makes being a plaintiff impossible.
70 -Gildin ’99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. “DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED” University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)
71 -The United States Congress has endeavored to guarantee the equal participation of the disabled in
72 -AND
73 -construed to provide disabled individuals with broad remedies should they suffer discrimination. n14
74 -
75 -Part 3 is Framing
76 -
77 -The aff should win if we prove we have presented the most desirable policy option
78 -
79 -a) Fairness—alternate frameworks moot 8 minutes of the 1ac – it’s the only basis for aff offense – that means we should get to weigh our impacts
80 -
81 -b) Decisionmaking – debate should develop our ability to weigh the consequences of our actions – it’s the only portable skill – that means the ballot should compare policy options – the only acceptable alt is one that presents a clear policy action
82 -
83 -c) considering policy implications is key to effective theory
84 -Feaver 01 (Peter, Asst. Prof of Political Science at Duke University, Twenty-First Century Weapons Proliferation, p 178)
85 -At the same time, virtually all good theory has implications for policy. Indeed
86 -AND
87 -. Happily, the best work in the proliferation field already does so.
88 -
89 -d) The government has flawed components but challenging our understanding of government is important and valuable through discussion of federal policies~-~~-~- learning the language of that allows us to confront and challenge those institutions outside of this round and resolves a lot of the impacts at the root of their explanation
90 -Hoppe 99 Robert Hoppe is Professor of Policy and knowledge in the Faculty of Management and Governance at Twente University, the Netherlands. "Argumentative Turn" Science and Public Policy, volume 26, number 3, June 1999, pages 201–210 works.bepress.com
91 -ACCORDING TO LASSWELL (1971), policy science is about the production and application of
92 -AND
93 -and to a broader audience of an ideologically disoriented and politically disenchanted citizenry.
94 -
95 -e) Reps K bad – assumes Representational Determinism. Prefer the particularized and surrounding context of HOW our reps were deployed.
96 -Shim ‘14(David Shim is Assistant Professor at the Department of International Relations and International Organization of the University of Groningen – As part of the critique of visual determinism, this card internally quotes David D. Perlmutter, Ph.D.. He is Dean of the College of Media and Communication at Texas Tech University. Before coming to Texas Tech, he was the director of the School of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Iowa. As a documentary photographer, he is the author or editor of seven books on political communication and persuasion. Also, he has written several dozen research articles for academic journals as well as more than 200 essays for U.S. and international newspapers and magazines such as Campaigns and Elections, Christian Science Monitor, Editor and Publisher, Los Angeles Times, MSNBC.com., Philadelphia Inquirer, and USA Today. Routledge Book Publication –Visual Politics and North Korea: Seeing is believing – p.24-25)
97 -Imagery can enact powerful effects, since political actors are almost always pressed to take
98 -AND
99 -values (see also, Domke et al. 2002; Perlmutter 2005).
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-02-17 23:08:06.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -10
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Harker Shah Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Aff
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
Caselist.RoundClass[6]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -6
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2016-12-17 20:23:41.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -X
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
Caselist.RoundClass[7]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -7
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-02-17 23:06:04.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
Caselist.RoundClass[8]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -8
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-02-17 23:06:44.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
Caselist.RoundClass[9]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -9
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-02-17 23:07:18.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XX
Caselist.RoundClass[11]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +11
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -2017-02-17 23:09:27.525
1 +2017-02-17 23:09:27.0
Caselist.CitesClass[11]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,66 @@
1 +Since ought implies moral obligation, I value morality, which presupposes inclusion since it assumes equal worth and B) since only inclusion can promote compliance. Morality has to guide action; if ethics aren't grounded in action, then they lose their prescriptive value, destroying morality.
2 +Structural violence is based in moral exclusion; it allows one group to become invisible.
3 +
4 +Winter and Leighton 99 Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton. Winter is a professor of psychology at Whitman College. Leighton is an assistant professor of psychology at Southern Arkansas University. "Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century." Page 4-5
5 +She argues that our normal perceptual cognitive processes divide people into in-groups and
6 +AND
7 +local cultures, will be our most surefooted path to building lasting peace.
8 +Thus, the standard is decreasing structural violence.
9 +Prefer since this is a constraint on all theories; if a theory excludes others, then their starting point is flawed. Their analysis of the world will be inaccurate, and if the first premise is flawed, then the conclusion can't be true.
10 +
11 +GUENTHER 12 Lisa Guenther, The Living Death of Solitary Confinement, The Opinion Pages, The Stone, NYT, Aug 26, 2012
12 +Deprived of everyday encounters with other people, and cut off from an open-
13 +AND
14 +and to lend their own unique perspective to creating meaning in the world.
15 +Plan
16 +QI application has shifted—we now use reasonableness and precedent standards so broad that filing suit is IMPOSSIBLE. Reinhardt '15
17 +
18 +Michigan Law Review Volume 113 | Issue 7 2015 The Demise of Habeas Corpus and the Rise of Qualified Immunity: The Court's Ever Increasing Limitations on the Development and Enforcement of Constitutional Rights and Some Particularly Unfortunate Consequences Stephen R. Reinhardt United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
19 +Hope was short-lived.140 For one thing, the Court began to
20 +AND
21 +wounded or deceased victim of excessive force at the hands of law enforcement.
22 +TEXT: The USFG ought to change the doctrinal formula for qualified immunity replacing the 'clearly established standard' and the 'reasonableness standard' with a 'clearly unconstitutional standard for police officers.
23 +That allows us to provide adequate civil rights protection while maintaining consistency with current law—means no link to disads. Jeffries '10
24 +
25 +University of Virginia School of Law Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper Series No. 2010-21 What's Wrong With Qualified Immunity? John C. Jeffries, Jr. University of Virginia School of Law June 2010
26 +A second suggestion would be to change the doctrinal formula for qualified immunity. Rather
27 +AND
28 +would not be irrelevant in determining whether conduct is ―clearly unconstitutional.‖ 84
29 +Advantage
30 +The advantage is legal system legitimacy and racism. Court expansion of QI exacerbates racial discrimination in the criminal justice system—the law must be used to safeguard minority rights. Reinhardt '15
31 +
32 +Michigan Law Review Volume 113 | Issue 7 2015 The Demise of Habeas Corpus and the Rise of Qualified Immunity: The Court's Ever Increasing Limitations on the Development and Enforcement of Constitutional Rights and Some Particularly Unfortunate Consequences Stephen R. Reinhardt United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
33 +Unfortunately, the Court's recent treatment of federal habeas law and qualified immunity evinces a
34 +AND
35 +decisions in other areas of the law,176 only exacerbated the problem.
36 +Courts no longer even raise the question of if a constitutional violation occurred—creates a system of continued rights violations only the aff can solve. Reinhardt '15
37 +
38 +Michigan Law Review Volume 113 | Issue 7 2015 The Demise of Habeas Corpus and the Rise of Qualified Immunity: The Court's Ever Increasing Limitations on the Development and Enforcement of Constitutional Rights and Some Particularly Unfortunate Consequences Stephen R. Reinhardt United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
39 +Although there is a great deal that is troubling about the qualified immunity doctrine as
40 +AND
41 +to articulate constitutional rights will surely have far-reaching, negative repercussions.
42 +Public perception of the judicial system is at an all time low—its treatment of racial minorities is the cause. Reinhardt '15
43 +
44 +Michigan Law Review Volume 113 | Issue 7 2015 The Demise of Habeas Corpus and the Rise of Qualified Immunity: The Court's Ever Increasing Limitations on the Development and Enforcement of Constitutional Rights and Some Particularly Unfortunate Consequences Stephen R. Reinhardt United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
45 +This is an especially unfortunate time to be limiting the opportunities of those who have
46 +AND
47 +. On this score, the Court has simply failed in its mission.
48 +Legal legitimacy is key to compliance with the law and maintaining moral order—turns back ethics based NCs. Robinson 11,
49 +
50 +Robinson 11 (Paul, ) "Mercy, Crime Control and Moral Credibility" Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper Series Research Paper No. #10-32
51 +Perhaps the greatest utility of empirical desert comes through a more subtle but potentially more
52 +AND
53 +it will be effective in doing so only if it has sufficient credibility.
54 +And, Legal legitimacy is key to promote peace and prevents future conflict. Ban 04,
55 +
56 +Ban, 04, Secretary General of the UN Ki-Moon, "The rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies", UN Security Council, August 23, S/2004/616, http://www.unrol.org/files/200420report.pdf~~**
57 +2. The objective of the present report is to highlight key issues and lessons
58 +AND
59 +manner. Viewed this way, prevention is the first imperative of justice.
60 +Underview
61 +Even if police officers were taken to court—it's municipalities that would have to pay damages. Means no link to police enforcement DAs and the aff is key to challenging the state. Reinhardt '15
62 +
63 +Michigan Law Review Volume 113 | Issue 7 2015 The Demise of Habeas Corpus and the Rise of Qualified Immunity: The Court's Ever Increasing Limitations on the Development and Enforcement of Constitutional Rights and Some Particularly Unfortunate Consequences Stephen R. Reinhardt United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
64 +Unfortunately, the Court's actions no longer match its rhetoric. In fact, they
65 +AND
66 +has once again exalted a lesser concern over the protection of constitutional rights.
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2017-02-17 23:09:29.0
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +11
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Team
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Harker Shah Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Constitution AC
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Caselist.CitesClass[12]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,103 @@
1 +1AC
2 +I affirm the resolution. Resolved: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech.
3 +To clarify, the First Amendment doesn’t permit meaningless obscenity, child pornography, expressions that in and of itself causes injury, and remarks intended to cause violence
4 +
5 +Ruane 14 (Kathleen Anne Ruane – Legislative Attorney. Her report was published by the Congressional Research Service, which is a branch of government, "Freedom of Speech and Press: Exceptions to the First Amendment", https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/95-815.pdf,pgs. 1-5, EmmieeM)
6 +The First Amendment to the united States Constitution provides that "Congress shall make no
7 +AND
8 +constitutes a "true threat," and not against mere "political hyperbole."
9 +The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing as contextualized by impacts on case
10 +The constitutive obligation of the state is to protect citizen interest—individual obligations are not applicable in the public sphere. Goodin 95
11 +
12 +Robert E. Goodin. Philosopher of Political Theory, Public Policy, and Applied Ethics. Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 1995. p. 26-7
13 +The great adventure of utilitarianism as a guide to public conduct is that it avoids
14 +AND
15 +thus understood is, I would argue, a uniquely defensible public philosophy.
16 +Util is axiomatically true - all value stems from experienced wellbeing. Harris 10
17 +
18 +Sam Harris 2010. CEO Project Reason; PHD UCLA Neuroscience; BA Stanford Philosophy. The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values."
19 +I believe that we will increasingly understand good and evil, right and wrong,
20 +AND
21 +, therefore, consequences and conscious states remain the foundation of all values.
22 +Moral uncertainty means we default to preventing extinction under any ethical framework
23 +
24 +BOSTROM 11
25 +(2011) Nick Bostrom, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford Martin School and Faculty of Philosophy
26 +These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest~~~s~~~ an alternative, complementary way of
27 +AND
28 +value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe.
29 +Death is the worst form of evil since it destroys the subject itself.
30 +
31 +Paterson 03 – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island (Craig, "A Life Not Worth Living?", Studies in Christian Ethics.
32 +Contrary to those accounts, I would argue that it is death per se that
33 +AND
34 +the person, the very source and condition of all human possibility.82
35 +Innovation 4:34
36 +Restrictions on free speech are rapidly increasing, destroying the educational environment
37 +
38 +Slater 16 (Tom Slator – editor of this book (it’s a collection of essays from many different people). He also wrote the introduction from which this was cut. Deputy Editor of Spiked, runs Free Speech University Ratings, and has written for The Times/The Telegraph/Independent, "Unsafe Space: The Crisis of Free Speech on Campus", pgs. 2 - 3, https://books.google.com/books?hl=enandlr=andid=vdP7CwAAQBAJandoi=fndandpg=PP1anddq=college+speech+restrictions+risingandots=YBNOvRNy1Tandsig=BmpSFkTJts9QsI1YcDAjxmB6dpQ~~~~~~#v=onepageandq=college20speech20restrictions20risingandf=false, EmmieeM)
39 +Over the past few years, campus censorship has reached epidemic levels. In 2015
40 +AND
41 +dwell on the easy arguments and defend only the most socially acceptable targets.
42 +This hamstrings innovation —- universities require free exchange of knowledge as a pre-req to education and regulations risk transforming academies into authoritarian structures
43 +
44 +ACTA 13 (American Council of Trustees and Alumni – independent non-profit that is focused on maintaining academic freedom and accountability among US colleges. "Free to Teach, Free to Learn: Understanding and Maintaining Academic Freedom in Higher Education", pgs. 23-25, http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED560924.pdf, EmmieeM)
45 +The primary function of a university is to discover and disseminate knowledge by means of
46 +AND
47 +be left to the informal processes of suasion, example, and argument.
48 +Independently, the ability to handle differing opinion is the most important internal link to competitiveness —- prevents workplace apathy and encourages diverse perspectives on issues
49 +
50 +Viljoen 15 (Rica Viljoen - Adjunct Faculty at Henley Business School – Africa, "Inclusive Organizational Transformation: An African Perspective on Human Niches and Diversity of Thought", "2.8 Conclusion", https://books.google.com/books?id=WDE3DAAAQBAJandpg=PA46andlpg=PA46anddq=the+ability+to+handle+opposing+views+is+critical+forandsource=blandots=Zf3rT7MKovandsig=gtUj7Y8AxKh-TPNlCrT6ebbJ9Gsandhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwjqqsus-tjQAhVB5mMKHb4ICiAQ6AEIHDAA~~~~~~#v=onepageandq=the20ability20to20handle20opposing20views20is20critical20forandf=false , pgs. 45-46, EmmieeM)
51 +The integral inclusivity framework presented in Figure 2.2 depicts how, through the
52 +AND
53 +diversity dynamics that typically may negatively impact on organizational behaviour, are optimized.
54 +Competitiveness is key to US dominance – we need to keep innovating faster to ensure economic prosperity and hegemony
55 +
56 +Segal 04 – Senior Fellow in China Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations ~~~Adam, Foreign Affairs, "Is America Losing Its Edge?" November / December 2004, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20041101facomment83601/adam-segal/is-america-losing-its-edge.html~~~~~~
57 +The United States' global primacy depends in large part on its ability to develop new
58 +AND
59 +, the United States must get better at fostering technological entrepreneurship at home.
60 +Loss of competitiveness results in great power conflict—retrenchment makes war inevitable and ensures the US would be dragged in - it’s try or die
61 +
62 +Khalilzad 11 — Zalmay Khalilzad, Counselor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, served as the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush, served as the director of policy planning at the Defense Department during the Presidency of George H.W. Bush, holds a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, 2011 ("The Economy and National Security," National Review, February 8^^th^^, Available Online at http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/print/259024, Accessed 02-08-2011)
63 +Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat to
64 +AND
65 +leading the world toward a new, dangerous era of multi-polarity.
66 +Terror 2:47
67 +Colleges can be unique places that prevent people from becoming trapped in echo chambers, but censorship is ruining that —- students are becoming more extremist, less understanding, and convinced that they are at war with an evil "Other"
68 +
69 +Lukianoff no date (Greg Lukianoff – attorney and CEO at the Foundation of Individual Rights in Education (FIRE); published in Wall Street Journal, LA Times, NY Times, Washington Post, and many others; has appeared on CBS Evening News, NBC’s Today Show, and many others,"How Colleges Create the ‘Expectation of Confirmation’", "Polarization and the Thickening Walls of Our Echo Chamber" – "Can College Help Break Down the Expectation of Confirmation?", http://www.soamcontest.com/content/how-colleges-create-expectation-confirmation, EmmieeM)
70 +In his 2008 book, The Big Sort: Why the Clustering of Like-
71 +AND
72 +to the bold questioning and uncomfortable discussions that intellectual and societal innovation demands.
73 +Freedom of expression allows extremist viewpoints to be challenged through debate, which demonstrates their flaws and de-motivates others from adopting them — speech bans only lead to hostility, divided communities, and push-back, which exacerbates terrorism
74 +
75 +Lombardi 15 (Marco Lombardi – member of the Italian Team for Security, Terroristic Issues, and Managing Emergencies, which is a research department in the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Milan, "Countering Radicalisation and Violent Extremism Among Youth to Prevent Terrorism", https://books.google.com/books?id='kAoBgAAQBAJandpg=PA3andlpg=PA3anddq=preventing+free+discussion+leads+to+extremismandsource=blandots=TJ8fW6700zandsig=Lz4MWuGl6LkEYxy5RdXBDrCAxfUandhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwiq56aDsvTQAhUS1GMKHRNUBC4Q6AEIXzAN~~~~~~#v=onepageandq=preventing20free20discussion20leads20to20extremismandf=false , pgs. 3- 4, EmmieeM)
76 +First, we should carefully calibrate prevention activities and avoid catch-all, indiscriminate
77 +AND
78 +law enforcement or secret services because this would discredit and ultimately sabotage them.
79 +This is especially pertinent in the case of colleges – students are much more likely to be recruited or adopt extremist views
80 +
81 +Borum 5 (Randy Borum – Professor and Director of Intelligence Studies in the School of Information and Academic Coordination for Cybersecurity at the University of Southern Florida; Chuck Tilby – member of the Police Department, "Anarchist Direct Action: A Challenge for Law Enforcement", "Recruitment, pg. 214, http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1552andcontext=mhlp'facpub, EmmieeM)
82 +It should not be surprising to learn that jails and prisons are major recruiting sites
83 +AND
84 +to be young, energetic, and idealistic with time available to act.
85 +Currently, the biggest terrorist threat to the US is white supremacist lone wolves —- they kill more Americans than jihadists and show more desire to use WMDs
86 +
87 +Blair 14 (Charles P. Blair, Senior Fellow on State and Non-State Threats for the Federation of American Scientists who teaches classes on terrorism and WMD technology at John Hopkins University and George Mason University, "Looking clearly at right-wing terrorism," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 9 June 2014, http://thebulletin.org/looking-clearly-right-wing-terrorism7232, *fc)
88 +Five years ago the US Department of Homeland Security’s Homeland Environment Threat Analysis Division released
89 +AND
90 +exaggerated, but neither should it be suppressed for political or ideological reasons.
91 +Dispersion of technology enables lone wolf terrorists to access chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons (CBURNs) – the impact will be mass casualties and unprecedented disruption of financial and social systems
92 +
93 +Ackerman and Pinson 14 ~~~Gary A. ,Director of the Special Projects Division at the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), University of Maryland, Lauren E., Senior Research/Project Manager at START and PhD student at Yale University, "An Army of One: Assessing CBRN Pursuit and Use by Lone Wolves and Autonomous Cells," Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 26, Issue 1, 2014~~~
94 +The first question to answer is whence the concerns about the nexus between CBRN weapons
95 +AND
96 +well influence the weapon selection of lone actor jihadists in Western nations. 19
97 +Solvency
98 +Censoring hate speech entrenches racism —- extremists get to look like martyrs, offensive terms are re-coded and then normalized, and it abstracts from material change. Also, attempts to censor something empirically make it more appealing and leads to greater publication
99 +
100 +Heinze 16 (Eric Heinze – Professor of Law and Humanities at the University of London, "Hate Speech and Democratic Citizenship", "The Prohibitionist Challenge", pgs. 149-152, https://books.google.com/books?id=UJJyCwAAQBAJandpg=PA150andlpg=PA150anddq=censoring+hate+speech+helps+the+right-wing+martyrandsource=blandots=aVdz0PZticandsig=prvOZgxAtkhebwxC7EDhcb6HDicandhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwj0xaWXofLQAhXEwlQKHcqWDwUQ6AEIIjAB~~~~~~#v=onepageandq=censoring20hate20speech20helps20the20right-wing20martyrandf=false, EmmieeM)
101 +American oppositionists have lacked domestic empirical evidence of ineffectiveness, available on the continent,
102 +AND
103 +still-unconquered, non-viewpoint-punitive territory within public discourse.
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2017-02-17 23:10:01.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +X
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +12
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Team
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Harker Shah Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1AC-Trutil-JanFeb
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Caselist.CitesClass[15]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,76 @@
1 +1AC
2 +Framework
3 +The political process has changed – instead of trying to engage with society, we have become fixated on symbolic gestures and looking to personal ethics, leading to serial policy failure and the War on Terror. We need to engage with concrete action not ‘me-search’ and radical utopias
4 +
5 +Chandler 7 (David Chandler – Professor of International Relations and the Director of the Centre for the Study of Democracy at the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Westminster. He’s also the founding editor of the Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, "The Attraction of Post-Territorial Politics: Ethics and Activism in the International Sphere (The Inaugural Lecture of Professor David Chandler)", http://www.davidchandler.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Inaugural-lecture.pdf, pgs. 1-9, EmmieeM)
6 +Introduction. It seems that our engagement with and understanding of politics is increasingly shaped
7 +AND
8 +, critique, and ultimately overcome the practices and subjectivities of our time.
9 +Focus on big, apocalyptic scenarios justifies all atrocities carried out in the name of avoiding them – prefer being an intellectual coming up with methodologies for change rather than feeding the security machine
10 +
11 +Matheson 15 (Calum Matheson – This is his PhD dissertation at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "Desired Ground Zeros: Nuclear Imagination and the Death Drive", https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/indexablecontent/uuid:4bbcb13b-0b5f-43a1-884c-fcd6e6411fd6, pg. 187-189, EmmieeM)
12 +The danger of seeking the Real of nuclear warfare in language is that the inevitable
13 +AND
14 +the impossibility of an eventual triumph of automaton against the caprice of tuché.
15 +Challenging background beliefs about security measures is a prior question because educational spaces like debate is where knowledge about war is created and asserted. Acting as a critical outsider within public spaces is crucial to changing prevailing beliefs and practices
16 +
17 +Crawford 16 (Neta C Crawford is a professor of Political Science at Boston University who focuses on international relations theory and discourse ethics. She has won the American Political Science Association Jervis and Schroeder Award for her writings on international politics. She has been published in numerous scholarly journals and books, in addition to having served as the chair of the International Studies Association, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, "What is war good for? Background ideas and assumptions about the legitimacy, utility, and costs of offensive war", http://bpi.sagepub.com/content/18/2/282.full.pdf+html, pages 286-288, EmmieeM)
18 +While the deeper background ideas about war are not routinely surfaces, foregrounded, and
19 +AND
20 +has been the case with assumptions about the legitimacy and utility of war.
21 +Questioning the legitimacy of war and securitization is key to deconstruct the background ideas that shape the development of tactics, research, and weapons. Thus the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that best deconstructs the security state
22 +
23 +Crawford 16 (Neta C Crawford is a professor of Political Science at Boston University who focuses on international relations theory and discourse ethics. She has won the American Political Science Association Jervis and Schroeder Award for her writings on international politics. She has been published in numerous scholarly journals and books, in addition to having served as the chair of the International Studies Association, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, "What is war good for? Background ideas and assumptions about the legitimacy, utility, and costs of offensive war", http://bpi.sagepub.com/content/18/2/282.full.pdf+html, pages 284-186, EmmieeM)
24 +War is defined as the use of military force to achieve a political objective.
25 +AND
26 +may be rarely expressed in explicit propositional form among the politically dominant classes.
27 +Offense 4:10
28 +Colleges are the newest target of the security state – the perception that universities are uniquely capable of supporting democracy and dissent over the War on Terror and free enterprise drives right-wing extremists to enforce censorship, under the guise of advancing tolerance and rights
29 +
30 +Giroux 6 (Henry A. Giroux – one of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy, PhD from Carnegie, was a professor at Boston University and scholar at Miami University. Was the founding Director of the Center for Education and Cultural Studies. Published by John Hopkins University Press, "Academic Freedom Under FIre: The Case for Critical Pedagogy, pgs. 1 – 9, http://muse.jhu.edu/article/203608/pdf, EmmieeM)
31 +Higher education in the United States appears to be caught in a strange contradiction.
32 +AND
33 +the best talent to American universities" (Jonathan Cole 2005b, B7).
34 +The dissenter has become the terrorist to be eradicated – the security state has transformed college censorship into a tool of suppression for radical or brown students under the pretense of enforcing diversity and tolerance for right-wing students. Absent analysis of the War on Terror, liberation becomes impossible because struggles for racial or gender equality becomes coopted to further Islamaphobia and Middle East interventionism.
35 +
36 +Chatterjee 14 (Piya Chatterjee – Gender and Woman’s Studies Chair of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Department at Scripps; B.A. from Wellesley in Political Science/Anthropology; M.A. at UChicago in Political Science/Anthropology; PhD at UChicago in Anthropology; numerous awards (professor of the year, bridging theory to practice grant, ford foundation grant, etc); Sunandra Maira – Professor of Asian American studies at UC Davis; Ed.D in Human Development and Psychology from Harvard; "The Imperial University: Race, War, and the Nation-State", "Academic Contaiment" – entire section, pg. 17 – 25, https://www.csun.edu/cdsc/Imperial20University20Introduction20-20Piya20Chatterjee20and20Sunaina20Maira.pdf, "Academic Containment", EmmieeM)
37 +State warfare and militarism have shored up deeply powerful notions of patriotism, intertwined with
38 +AND
39 +the mission of higher education and the future of the nation-state.
40 +Security thrives on insecurity – the state fabricates dangerous "Others" to justify endless warfare in order to sustain hegemony and the myth of perpetual threats. Any weighing calculus that fails to account for the invisible violence happening in the status quo is epistemologically flawed – only through acknowledging that the War on Terror is fueled by the torture and slaughter of ordinary citizens can we deconstruct securitization.
41 +
42 +McClintock 9 (Anne McClintock – B.A in English from University of Cape Town; M.Phil in Linguistics at the University of Cambridge; PhD in English Literature from Columbia; previous Associate Professor of Gender and Cultural Studies at Columbia"Paranoid Empire: Specters From Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib", pgs. 50-54, http://english110fall2014leroy.qwriting.qc.cuny.edu/files/2014/06/13.1.mcclintock.pdf, EmmieeM)
43 +The question is still open: what is the purpose of Guantanamo Bay? Is
44 +AND
45 +contradictory sites where imperial racism, sexuality, and gender catastrophically collide.11
46 +Thus, the plan. Resolved: Public colleges and universities ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech.
47 +
48 +Downs 4 (Donald Alexander Downs – Professor of Political Science, Law and Journalism at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and Research Fellow at the Independent Institute, Oakland, California. He has won the Annisfield-Wolf Book Award, the Gladys M. Kammerer Award of the American Political Science Association, and has been in published in journals, encyclopedias, and professional books. "Restoring Free Speech and Liberty on Campus", pgs. Xx – xxi, http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5243N.pdf, EmmieeM)
49 +During most of the twentieth century, threats to campus free speech and academic freedom
50 +AND
51 +commitment on campus can help to bring about this retrieval of liberal principles.
52 +Solvency 1:00
53 +The affirmative is an act of carpentry – the world is a really messed up place, but you cannot deny the existence of 6 billion people who cannot survive absent infrastructure and networks that provide resources. Empty critiques and radical upheavals devoid of concrete proposals are incomprehensible, doomed to failure, and drive people towards reigning ideology
54 +
55 +Bryant 12 — Levi R. Bryant, Professor of Philosophy at Collin College, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Loyola University in Chicago, 2012 ("Underpants Gnomes: A Critique of the Academic Left," Larval Subjects—Levi R. Bryant’s philosophy blog, November 11th, Available Online at http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/, Accessed 02-21-2014)
56 +I must be in a mood today–half irritated, half amused–because
57 +AND
58 +. Instead we prefer to shout and denounce. Good luck with that.
59 +The security state operates on a binary where people are either complacent allies or dissenters to be suppressed at all costs – by framing unsavory speech acts as coming from people who are our equals and share more similarities than differences rather than evil "Others" to be destroyed, the affirmative avoids cooption of "protection" movements and the antagonisms that drive war. Anything other than complete rejection hyperlinks to the impacts of the AFF.
60 +
61 +Ivie 5 (Robert L. Ivie – PhD in Rhetoric and Communication at WashU, "Democratic Dissent and the Trick of Rhetorical Critique", "Dissent as a Form of Struggle" – entire section, pg. 279 – 280, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.832.4092andrep=rep1andtype=pdf, EmmieeM)
62 +Democracy’s formidable challenge may be most clearly indicated on the occasion of war. War
63 +AND
64 +it is otherwise curtailed and constrained by a regime of crisis and war?
65 +UV
66 +Aff gets RVIs because
67 +1) Deterrence- RVIs check abusive theory proliferation because they can’t introduce no-risk issues with no recourse.
68 +2) t is an rvi if even for drop the advocacy because forcing me to restart in the 1ar skews my time and strat and nullifies 6 minutes of the AC
69 +3) Competing interps imply an rvi because if they can win for upholding a norm then I should win if I prove that I upholding a better norm.
70 +Debating about government policies is a valuable heuristic — we can learn about the state without being it. Their radical framework eliminates the potential for political agency and oversimplifies complex, contingent relationships. Instead of rejecting government policies in general, we should analyze particular policies.
71 +
72 +Zanotti 13 — Laura Zanotti, Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech, holds a Ph.D. in International Relations from Florida International University, 2013 ("Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World," Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Volume 38, Issue 4, November, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via SAGE Publications Online, p. 299-300)
73 +Conclusion
74 +In this article, I have argued that, notwithstanding their critical stance
75 +AND
76 +position leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism.’’84
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2017-02-17 23:16:53.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +17
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Team
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Harker Shah Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1AC-WoT-JanFeb
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Caselist.CitesClass[16]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,54 @@
1 +The political process has changed – instead of trying to engage with society, we have become fixated on symbolic gestures and looking to personal ethics, leading to serial policy failure and the War on Terror. We need to engage with concrete action not ‘me-search’ and radical utopias. Thus the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that best deconstructs the security state through policy action.
2 +Chandler 7 (David Chandler – Professor of International Relations and the Director of the Centre for the Study of Democracy at the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Westminster. He’s also the founding editor of the Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, “The Attraction of Post-Territorial Politics: Ethics and Activism in the International Sphere (The Inaugural Lecture of Professor David Chandler)”, http://www.davidchandler.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Inaugural-lecture.pdf, pgs. 1-9, EmmieeM)
3 +Introduction. It seems that our engagement with and understanding of politics is increasingly shaped
4 +AND
5 +, critique, and ultimately overcome the practices and subjectivities of our time.
6 +Thus, the plan. Resolved: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech.
7 +Downs 4 (Donald Alexander Downs – Professor of Political Science, Law and Journalism at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and Research Fellow at the Independent Institute, Oakland, California. He has won the Annisfield-Wolf Book Award, the Gladys M. Kammerer Award of the American Political Science Association, and has been in published in journals, encyclopedias, and professional books. “Restoring Free Speech and Liberty on Campus”, pgs. Xx – xxi, http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5243N.pdf, EmmieeM)
8 +During most of the twentieth century, threats to campus free speech and academic freedom
9 +AND
10 +commitment on campus can help to bring about this retrieval of liberal principles.
11 +Recognition 5:05
12 +Colleges are the newest target of the security state – the perception that universities are uniquely capable of supporting democracy and dissent over the War on Terror and free enterprise drives right-wing extremists to enforce censorship, under the guise of advancing tolerance and rights
13 +Giroux 6 (Henry A. Giroux – one of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy, PhD from Carnegie, was a professor at Boston University and scholar at Miami University. Was the founding Director of the Center for Education and Cultural Studies. Published by John Hopkins University Press, “Academic Freedom Under FIre: The Case for Critical Pedagogy, pgs. 1 – 9, http://muse.jhu.edu/article/203608/pdf, EmmieeM)
14 +Higher education in the United States appears to be caught in a strange contradiction.
15 +AND
16 +the best talent to American universities” (Jonathan Cole 2005b, B7).
17 +The dissenter has become the terrorist to be eradicated – the security state has transformed college censorship into a tool of suppression for radical or brown students under the pretense of enforcing diversity and tolerance for right-wing students. Absent analysis of the War on Terror, liberation becomes impossible because struggles for racial or gender equality becomes coopted to further Islamaphobia and Middle East interventionism.
18 +Chatterjee 14 (Piya Chatterjee – Gender and Woman’s Studies Chair of the Feminist,
19 +AND
20 +20and20Sunaina20Maira.pdf, “Academic Containment”, EmmieeM)
21 +State warfare and militarism have shored up deeply powerful notions of patriotism, intertwined with
22 +AND
23 +the mission of higher education and the future of the nation-state.
24 +Any form of free speech restrictions leads to massive overreach and censorship of minority movements – empirically proven
25 +Gey 98 (Steven G. Gey – John W. and Ashley E. Frost Professor of Law, Florida State University College of Law, “Postmodern Censorship Revisited: A Reply to Richard Delgado”, “Professor Delgado and the Problem of Government Overreaching” – partway through, EmmieeM)
26 +Professor Delgado responds to the problem of controlling the application of speech-regulation statues
27 +AND
28 +in a "deliberate, planned extermination or attempted extermination of a people."
29 +Security thrives on insecurity – the state fabricates dangerous “Others” to justify endless warfare in order to sustain hegemony and the myth of perpetual threats. Any weighing calculus that fails to account for the invisible violence happening in the status quo is epistemologically flawed – only through acknowledging that the War on Terror is fueled by the torture and slaughter of ordinary citizens can we deconstruct securitization.
30 +McClintock 9 (Anne McClintock – B.A in English from University of Cape Town; M.Phil in Linguistics at the University of Cambridge; PhD in English Literature from Columbia; previous Associate Professor of Gender and Cultural Studies at Columbia“Paranoid Empire: Specters From Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib”, pgs. 50-54, http://english110fall2014leroy.qwriting.qc.cuny.edu/files/2014/06/13.1.mcclintock.pdf, EmmieeM)
31 +The question is still open: what is the purpose of Guantanamo Bay? Is
32 +AND
33 +contradictory sites where imperial racism, sexuality, and gender catastrophically collide.11
34 +Free speech codes shut down campus criticism and replace it with government-approved propaganda – there’s a massive spillover effect because journalism grads lose the ability to pursue controversial pieces and censorship becomes normalized
35 +Sanders 6 (Chris Sanders – University of Arizona Law Review, “Censorship 101: Anti-Hazelwood Laws and the Preservation of Free Speech at Colleges and Universities”, “Say no More: Hazelwood’s Dangers For College Students’ Free Expression” – through the end of “Too Much Freedom: How the Extension of Hazelwood to Universities Could Endanger the Future of the First Amendment”, pgs. 171 – 173, https://www.law.ua.edu/pubs/lrarticles/Volume2058/Issue201/sanders.pdf , EmmieeM)
36 +Post-Hazelwood censorship disputes have not been limited to high schools; a number
37 +AND
38 +” speech is nothing more than a distant memory from an earlier time.
39 +Discourse is a pre-requisite to change – relationships must first be made visible before reformation can occur
40 +Wingenbach 11 (Ed, Notre Dame Government and international studies PhD, “Institutionalizing Agonistic Democracy,” pg 190-198, https://books.google.com/books?id=7-8JrC64UgwCandprintsec=frontcover//LADI)
41 +Third, because Knops ignores the situated source of antagonism and the persistence of hegemony
42 +AND
43 +opened up to greater contestation, generosity, and active re-constitution.
44 +Underview 1:14
45 +The affirmative is an act of carpentry – the world is a really messed up place, but you cannot deny the existence of 6 billion people who cannot survive absent infrastructure and networks that provide food, transportation, and medicine. Empty critiques and radical upheavals devoid of concrete proposals are incomprehensible, doomed to failure, and drive people towards reigning ideology
46 +Bryant 12 — Levi R. Bryant, Professor of Philosophy at Collin College, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Loyola University in Chicago, 2012 (“Underpants Gnomes: A Critique of the Academic Left,” Larval Subjects—Levi R. Bryant’s philosophy blog, November 11th, Available Online at http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/, Accessed 02-21-2014)
47 +I must be in a mood today–half irritated, half amused–because
48 +AND
49 +. Instead we prefer to shout and denounce. Good luck with that.
50 +Totalizing accounts of power freeze resistance – working within structures of power creates spaces of meaning contra oppressive scripts.
51 +Zanotti 13 (Laura, Ph.D., Virginia Tech, “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World,” Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 201X, Vol XX(X) 1–17)
52 +Political agency is not portrayed as the free subjects’ total rejection of a unified totalizing
53 +AND
54 +position leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism.’’
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2017-02-17 23:23:38.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +18
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Team
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Harker Shah Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1AC-WoT v2-JanFeb
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Caselist.CitesClass[17]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,51 @@
1 +The political process has changed – instead of trying to engage with society, we have become fixated on symbolic gestures and looking to personal ethics, leading to serial policy failure and the War on Terror. We need to engage with concrete action not ‘me-search’ and radical utopias. Thus the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that best deconstructs the security state through policy action.
2 +Chandler 7 (David Chandler – Professor of International Relations and the Director of the Centre for the Study of Democracy at the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Westminster. He’s also the founding editor of the Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, “The Attraction of Post-Territorial Politics: Ethics and Activism in the International Sphere (The Inaugural Lecture of Professor David Chandler)”, http://www.davidchandler.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Inaugural-lecture.pdf, pgs. 1-9, EmmieeM)
3 +Introduction. It seems that our engagement with and understanding of politics is increasingly shaped
4 +AND
5 +, critique, and ultimately overcome the practices and subjectivities of our time.
6 +Thus, the plan. Resolved: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech.
7 +Downs 4 (Donald Alexander Downs – Professor of Political Science, Law and Journalism at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and Research Fellow at the Independent Institute, Oakland, California. He has won the Annisfield-Wolf Book Award, the Gladys M. Kammerer Award of the American Political Science Association, and has been in published in journals, encyclopedias, and professional books. “Restoring Free Speech and Liberty on Campus”, pgs. Xx – xxi, http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5243N.pdf, EmmieeM)
8 +During most of the twentieth century, threats to campus free speech and academic freedom
9 +AND
10 +commitment on campus can help to bring about this retrieval of liberal principles.
11 +Recognition 5:05
12 +Colleges are the newest target of the security state – the perception that universities are uniquely capable of supporting democracy and dissent over the War on Terror and free enterprise drives right-wing extremists to enforce censorship, under the guise of advancing tolerance and rights
13 +Giroux 6 (Henry A. Giroux – one of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy, PhD from Carnegie, was a professor at Boston University and scholar at Miami University. Was the founding Director of the Center for Education and Cultural Studies. Published by John Hopkins University Press, “Academic Freedom Under FIre: The Case for Critical Pedagogy, pgs. 1 – 9, http://muse.jhu.edu/article/203608/pdf, EmmieeM)
14 +Higher education in the United States appears to be caught in a strange contradiction.
15 +AND
16 +the best talent to American universities” (Jonathan Cole 2005b, B7).
17 +The dissenter has become the terrorist to be eradicated – the security state has transformed college censorship into a tool of suppression for radical or brown students under the pretense of enforcing diversity and tolerance for right-wing students. Absent analysis of the War on Terror, liberation becomes impossible because struggles for racial or gender equality becomes coopted to further Islamaphobia and Middle East interventionism.
18 +Chatterjee 14 (Piya Chatterjee – Gender and Woman’s Studies Chair of the Feminist,
19 +AND
20 +20and20Sunaina20Maira.pdf, “Academic Containment”, EmmieeM)
21 +State warfare and militarism have shored up deeply powerful notions of patriotism, intertwined with
22 +AND
23 +the mission of higher education and the future of the nation-state.
24 +Any form of free speech restrictions leads to massive overreach and censorship of minority movements – empirically proven
25 +Gey 98 (Steven G. Gey – John W. and Ashley E. Frost Professor of Law, Florida State University College of Law, “Postmodern Censorship Revisited: A Reply to Richard Delgado”, “Professor Delgado and the Problem of Government Overreaching” – partway through, EmmieeM)
26 +Professor Delgado responds to the problem of controlling the application of speech-regulation statues
27 +AND
28 +in a "deliberate, planned extermination or attempted extermination of a people."
29 +Security thrives on insecurity – the state fabricates dangerous “Others” to justify endless warfare in order to sustain hegemony and the myth of perpetual threats. Any weighing calculus that fails to account for the invisible violence happening in the status quo is epistemologically flawed – only through acknowledging that the War on Terror is fueled by the torture and slaughter of ordinary citizens can we deconstruct securitization.
30 +McClintock 9 (Anne McClintock – B.A in English from University of Cape Town; M.Phil in Linguistics at the University of Cambridge; PhD in English Literature from Columbia; previous Associate Professor of Gender and Cultural Studies at Columbia“Paranoid Empire: Specters From Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib”, pgs. 50-54, http://english110fall2014leroy.qwriting.qc.cuny.edu/files/2014/06/13.1.mcclintock.pdf, EmmieeM)
31 +The question is still open: what is the purpose of Guantanamo Bay? Is
32 +AND
33 +contradictory sites where imperial racism, sexuality, and gender catastrophically collide.11
34 +Free speech codes shut down campus criticism and replace it with government-approved propaganda – there’s a massive spillover effect because journalism grads lose the ability to pursue controversial pieces and censorship becomes normalized
35 +Sanders 6 (Chris Sanders – University of Arizona Law Review, “Censorship 101: Anti-Hazelwood Laws and the Preservation of Free Speech at Colleges and Universities”, “Say no More: Hazelwood’s Dangers For College Students’ Free Expression” – through the end of “Too Much Freedom: How the Extension of Hazelwood to Universities Could Endanger the Future of the First Amendment”, pgs. 171 – 173, https://www.law.ua.edu/pubs/lrarticles/Volume2058/Issue201/sanders.pdf , EmmieeM)
36 +Post-Hazelwood censorship disputes have not been limited to high schools; a number
37 +AND
38 +” speech is nothing more than a distant memory from an earlier time.
39 +Discourse is a pre-requisite to change – relationships must first be made visible before reformation can occur
40 +Wingenbach 11 (Ed, Notre Dame Government and international studies PhD, “Institutionalizing Agonistic Democracy,” pg 190-198, https://books.google.com/books?id=7-8JrC64UgwCandprintsec=frontcover//LADI)
41 +Third, because Knops ignores the situated source of antagonism and the persistence of hegemony
42 +AND
43 +opened up to greater contestation, generosity, and active re-constitution.
44 +Empirics go AFF – none of their hate speech args will include a comprehensive analysis of how speech codes have historically affected minorities
45 +Strossen ’90 (Nadine Strossen – ACLU; Professor of Law at NYU, Duke University School of Law, “Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?”, Duke Law Journal, Vol. 1990, No. 3, Frontiers of Legal Thought II. The New First Amendment (Jun., 1990), pp. 484-573, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1372555)
46 +It is particularly
47 +to liberate them
48 +Solutions to critical issues must be discussed through pragmatic approaches within hegemonic power structures. Kapoor 08
49 +Kapoor, 2008 (Ilan, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University, “The Postcolonial Politics of Development,” p. 138-139)
50 +There are perhaps
51 +deflect their claims.
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2017-03-12 21:33:48.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +20
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Team
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Harker Shah Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1AC-WoT v4
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Caselist.RoundClass[12]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +12
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2017-02-17 23:09:59.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +X
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Caselist.RoundClass[13]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +13
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2017-02-17 23:10:40.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Caselist.RoundClass[14]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +14
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2017-02-17 23:11:06.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Caselist.RoundClass[15]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +14
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2017-02-17 23:13:18.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Caselist.RoundClass[16]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +14
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2017-02-17 23:15:47.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Caselist.RoundClass[17]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +15
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2017-02-17 23:16:51.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Caselist.RoundClass[18]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +16
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2017-02-17 23:23:36.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Caselist.RoundClass[19]
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2017-03-12 21:33:02.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Caselist.RoundClass[20]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +17
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2017-03-12 21:33:47.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XX

Schools

Aberdeen Central (SD)
Acton-Boxborough (MA)
Albany (CA)
Albuquerque Academy (NM)
Alief Taylor (TX)
American Heritage Boca Delray (FL)
American Heritage Plantation (FL)
Anderson (TX)
Annie Wright (WA)
Apple Valley (MN)
Appleton East (WI)
Arbor View (NV)
Arcadia (CA)
Archbishop Mitty (CA)
Ardrey Kell (NC)
Ashland (OR)
Athens (TX)
Bainbridge (WA)
Bakersfield (CA)
Barbers Hill (TX)
Barrington (IL)
BASIS Mesa (AZ)
BASIS Scottsdale (AZ)
BASIS Silicon (CA)
Beckman (CA)
Bellarmine (CA)
Benjamin Franklin (LA)
Benjamin N Cardozo (NY)
Bentonville (AR)
Bergen County (NJ)
Bettendorf (IA)
Bingham (UT)
Blue Valley Southwest (KS)
Brentwood (CA)
Brentwood Middle (CA)
Bridgewater-Raritan (NJ)
Bronx Science (NY)
Brophy College Prep (AZ)
Brown (KY)
Byram Hills (NY)
Byron Nelson (TX)
Cabot (AR)
Calhoun Homeschool (TX)
Cambridge Rindge (MA)
Canyon Crest (CA)
Canyon Springs (NV)
Cape Fear Academy (NC)
Carmel Valley Independent (CA)
Carpe Diem (NJ)
Cedar Park (TX)
Cedar Ridge (TX)
Centennial (ID)
Centennial (TX)
Center For Talented Youth (MD)
Cerritos (CA)
Chaminade (CA)
Chandler (AZ)
Chandler Prep (AZ)
Chaparral (AZ)
Charles E Smith (MD)
Cherokee (OK)
Christ Episcopal (LA)
Christopher Columbus (FL)
Cinco Ranch (TX)
Citrus Valley (CA)
Claremont (CA)
Clark (NV)
Clark (TX)
Clear Brook (TX)
Clements (TX)
Clovis North (CA)
College Prep (CA)
Collegiate (NY)
Colleyville Heritage (TX)
Concord Carlisle (MA)
Concordia Lutheran (TX)
Connally (TX)
Coral Glades (FL)
Coral Science (NV)
Coral Springs (FL)
Coppell (TX)
Copper Hills (UT)
Corona Del Sol (AZ)
Crandall (TX)
Crossroads (CA)
Cupertino (CA)
Cy-Fair (TX)
Cypress Bay (FL)
Cypress Falls (TX)
Cypress Lakes (TX)
Cypress Ridge (TX)
Cypress Springs (TX)
Cypress Woods (TX)
Dallastown (PA)
Davis (CA)
Delbarton (NJ)
Derby (KS)
Des Moines Roosevelt (IA)
Desert Vista (AZ)
Diamond Bar (CA)
Dobson (AZ)
Dougherty Valley (CA)
Dowling Catholic (IA)
Dripping Springs (TX)
Dulles (TX)
duPont Manual (KY)
Dwyer (FL)
Eagle (ID)
Eastside Catholic (WA)
Edgemont (NY)
Edina (MN)
Edmond North (OK)
Edmond Santa Fe (OK)
El Cerrito (CA)
Elkins (TX)
Enloe (NC)
Episcopal (TX)
Evanston (IL)
Evergreen Valley (CA)
Ferris (TX)
Flintridge Sacred Heart (CA)
Flower Mound (TX)
Fordham Prep (NY)
Fort Lauderdale (FL)
Fort Walton Beach (FL)
Freehold Township (NJ)
Fremont (NE)
Frontier (MO)
Gabrielino (CA)
Garland (TX)
George Ranch (TX)
Georgetown Day (DC)
Gig Harbor (WA)
Gilmour (OH)
Glenbrook South (IL)
Gonzaga Prep (WA)
Grand Junction (CO)
Grapevine (TX)
Green Valley (NV)
Greenhill (TX)
Guyer (TX)
Hamilton (AZ)
Hamilton (MT)
Harker (CA)
Harmony (TX)
Harrison (NY)
Harvard Westlake (CA)
Hawken (OH)
Head Royce (CA)
Hebron (TX)
Heights (MD)
Hendrick Hudson (NY)
Henry Grady (GA)
Highland (UT)
Highland (ID)
Hockaday (TX)
Holy Cross (LA)
Homewood Flossmoor (IL)
Hopkins (MN)
Houston Homeschool (TX)
Hunter College (NY)
Hutchinson (KS)
Immaculate Heart (CA)
Independent (All)
Interlake (WA)
Isidore Newman (LA)
Jack C Hays (TX)
James Bowie (TX)
Jefferson City (MO)
Jersey Village (TX)
John Marshall (CA)
Juan Diego (UT)
Jupiter (FL)
Kapaun Mount Carmel (KS)
Kamiak (WA)
Katy Taylor (TX)
Keller (TX)
Kempner (TX)
Kent Denver (CO)
King (FL)
Kingwood (TX)
Kinkaid (TX)
Klein (TX)
Klein Oak (TX)
Kudos College (CA)
La Canada (CA)
La Costa Canyon (CA)
La Jolla (CA)
La Reina (CA)
Lafayette (MO)
Lake Highland (FL)
Lake Travis (TX)
Lakeville North (MN)
Lakeville South (MN)
Lamar (TX)
LAMP (AL)
Law Magnet (TX)
Langham Creek (TX)
Lansing (KS)
LaSalle College (PA)
Lawrence Free State (KS)
Layton (UT)
Leland (CA)
Leucadia Independent (CA)
Lexington (MA)
Liberty Christian (TX)
Lincoln (OR)
Lincoln (NE)
Lincoln East (NE)
Lindale (TX)
Livingston (NJ)
Logan (UT)
Lone Peak (UT)
Los Altos (CA)
Los Osos (CA)
Lovejoy (TX)
Loyola (CA)
Loyola Blakefield (MA)
Lynbrook (CA)
Maeser Prep (UT)
Mannford (OK)
Marcus (TX)
Marlborough (CA)
McClintock (AZ)
McDowell (PA)
McNeil (TX)
Meadows (NV)
Memorial (TX)
Millard North (NE)
Millard South (NE)
Millard West (NE)
Millburn (NJ)
Milpitas (CA)
Miramonte (CA)
Mission San Jose (CA)
Monsignor Kelly (TX)
Monta Vista (CA)
Montclair Kimberley (NJ)
Montgomery (TX)
Monticello (NY)
Montville Township (NJ)
Morris Hills (NJ)
Mountain Brook (AL)
Mountain Pointe (AZ)
Mountain View (CA)
Mountain View (AZ)
Murphy Middle (TX)
NCSSM (NC)
New Orleans Jesuit (LA)
New Trier (IL)
Newark Science (NJ)
Newburgh Free Academy (NY)
Newport (WA)
North Allegheny (PA)
North Crowley (TX)
North Hollywood (CA)
Northland Christian (TX)
Northwood (CA)
Notre Dame (CA)
Nueva (CA)
Oak Hall (FL)
Oakwood (CA)
Okoboji (IA)
Oxbridge (FL)
Oxford (CA)
Pacific Ridge (CA)
Palm Beach Gardens (FL)
Palo Alto Independent (CA)
Palos Verdes Peninsula (CA)
Park Crossing (AL)
Peak to Peak (CO)
Pembroke Pines (FL)
Pennsbury (PA)
Phillips Academy Andover (MA)
Phoenix Country Day (AZ)
Pine Crest (FL)
Pingry (NJ)
Pittsburgh Central Catholic (PA)
Plano East (TX)
Polytechnic (CA)
Presentation (CA)
Princeton (NJ)
Prosper (TX)
Quarry Lane (CA)
Raisbeck-Aviation (WA)
Rancho Bernardo (CA)
Randolph (NJ)
Reagan (TX)
Richardson (TX)
Ridge (NJ)
Ridge Point (TX)
Riverside (SC)
Robert Vela (TX)
Rosemount (MN)
Roseville (MN)
Round Rock (TX)
Rowland Hall (UT)
Royse City (TX)
Ruston (LA)
Sacred Heart (MA)
Sacred Heart (MS)
Sage Hill (CA)
Sage Ridge (NV)
Salado (TX)
Salpointe Catholic (AZ)
Sammamish (WA)
San Dieguito (CA)
San Marino (CA)
SandHoke (NC)
Santa Monica (CA)
Sarasota (FL)
Saratoga (CA)
Scarsdale (NY)
Servite (CA)
Seven Lakes (TX)
Shawnee Mission East (KS)
Shawnee Mission Northwest (KS)
Shawnee Mission South (KS)
Shawnee Mission West (KS)
Sky View (UT)
Skyline (UT)
Smithson Valley (TX)
Southlake Carroll (TX)
Sprague (OR)
St Agnes (TX)
St Andrews (MS)
St Francis (CA)
St James (AL)
St Johns (TX)
St Louis Park (MN)
St Margarets (CA)
St Marys Hall (TX)
St Thomas (MN)
St Thomas (TX)
Stephen F Austin (TX)
Stoneman Douglas (FL)
Stony Point (TX)
Strake Jesuit (TX)
Stratford (TX)
Stratford Independent (CA)
Stuyvesant (NY)
Success Academy (NY)
Sunnyslope (AZ)
Sunset (OR)
Syosset (NY)
Tahoma (WA)
Talley (AZ)
Texas Academy of Math and Science (TX)
Thomas Jefferson (VA)
Thompkins (TX)
Timber Creek (FL)
Timothy Christian (NJ)
Tom C Clark (TX)
Tompkins (TX)
Torrey Pines (CA)
Travis (TX)
Trinity (KY)
Trinity Prep (FL)
Trinity Valley (TX)
Truman (PA)
Turlock (CA)
Union (OK)
Unionville (PA)
University High (CA)
University School (OH)
University (FL)
Upper Arlington (OH)
Upper Dublin (PA)
Valley (IA)
Valor Christian (CO)
Vashon (WA)
Ventura (CA)
Veritas Prep (AZ)
Vestavia Hills (AL)
Vincentian (PA)
Walla Walla (WA)
Walt Whitman (MD)
Warren (TX)
Wenatchee (WA)
West (UT)
West Ranch (CA)
Westford (MA)
Westlake (TX)
Westview (OR)
Westwood (TX)
Whitefish Bay (WI)
Whitney (CA)
Wilson (DC)
Winston Churchill (TX)
Winter Springs (FL)
Woodlands (TX)
Woodlands College Park (TX)
Wren (SC)
Yucca Valley (CA)